PURPOSIVE

COMMUNICATION
GED 5

PRESENTATION PREPARED BY :
XELA A. CANO, LPT
EXAMINATION Prelim, Mid-
term, Final

PERFORMANCE
Attendance,
Reporting

WRITTEN Quizzes, Projects

TOTAL:
 UNDERSTANDING 21ST
CENTURY COMMUNICATION
WHY DO PEOPLE
COMMUNICATE?
WHAT MIGHT HAPPEN TO THE WORLD IF
COMMUNICATION DOES NOT EXIST?
WHY DO MISCOMMUNICATIONS AND
MISUNDERSTANDINGS HAPPEN?
• We are a social being... this is the reason why we
have to get along well with people every day.

• It is our ability to communicate that makes us

different from all other living things; it is our
means of understanding.

• The words which we speak are reflections of

your personality; they are the products of our
feeling and thought, your values and attitudes
(Martinez and Fermin, 2006)
• We communicate so much; we listen, speak, read and write
every day-of all the activities, it is in speaking where you are
engaged more often.

• In fact, 60% of our active hours is spent in communicating

(Martinez and Fermin, 2006, p.1 citing Tan in 1997, p.35)

• Apparently, communication is indefensible to us!... since it

is very much part of our life, we have to use it effectively.
 Basic Functions of Communication
1. Communication connects one person with another.

2. Communication develops high mental processes.

3. Communication regulates speech itself.

4. Communication serves as an important factor in the

preservation of one's Heritage.
 Essential Characteristics of Communication
1. Communication is purposive.

2. Communication involves interaction.

3. Communication is transitory.

4. Communication occurs in specific settings.

5. Communication is influenced by the fields of experience of the

communicator/speaker.

6. Communication does not contain the usual cues of writing.

 Views on
Communication
1. Communication connects people.

2. Communication starts relationships.

3. Communication involves sharing.

 Obstacles or Barriers to Effective and
Engaged Communication
1. Self-Image
This includes negative self-esteem indifferent behavior, poor
social skills and negative thoughts over how people view us.

2. Perceptions toward others

Our perception of others can create obstacle such insulting
people, stereotyping, or by just ignoring them; we can avoid
those by remembering that each person unique and does not
deserve any preconditioned notions.
 Obstacles or Barriers to Effective and Engaged
Communication
3. Noise

There are different classification of noise which affects the communication process:

Physical Noise
Physical noise includes the sounds created around you every day. It occurs
externally and may distract you from what you are trying to hear. For instance,
someone whispering in a classroom can disrupt a presentation given by a teacher.
Physiological Noise
Physiological noise occurs when you encounter a barrier to hearing. It
could be a barrier you create, or it may be an issue with another person
speaking. It encompasses physical problems such as being hard of
hearing or not being able to differentiate low noises.
 Psychological Noise
Psychological noise refers to the noise in your head that can prevent you from
concentrating. It may include wandering thoughts, lik switching topics too quickly,
making it difficult for the listener to follow your narrative. People who think they
know something already also have psychological noise in their heads.

Semantic Noise
Semantic noise occurs when people try to communicate about something but lack
the common background or knowledge to share ideas effectively. They may have
different primary languages or rely on a separate dialect. Sometimes cross-
cultural communications can result in semantic noise and add to
misunderstandings.
 LEVELS OF
COMMUNICATION
SENDER- The transmitter of verbal an non- verbal messages.

Message- This is the content which is organized and decoded in language

understood by the speaker and then transmitted verbally or non-verbally
through channels.

Channel- This is the medium used by te speaker in the encoding and

decoding of messages.

Receiver- Decoder of the message sent by the speaker (.. and transmitter
response back to the sender.)

Feedback- the receivers response to te message sent by the speaker.

BASIC MODELS OF
COMMUNICATION
ARISTOTLE MODEL
THE LASSWELL MODEL
THE SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL
SCHRAMM'S MODEL
BERLO'S MODEL
 WHITE'S MODEL
Eugene White focuses on the 8 stages of oral communication

Thinking
Symbolizing
Expressing
Transmitting
Receiving
Decoding
Feedbacking
Monitoring
BASIC TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
FORMALITY LEVELS
OF
COMMUNICATION
 FROZEN STYLE
this style occupies the highest rank in
the Joa’s classification , it is a style
which is used in formal settings such
as in rituals, church rites, speeches
for state ceremonies , and some other
occassions, called FROZEN
 FORMAL STYLE
This is used in extended one-way
communication like speeches in formal
situations such as in graduation
ceremony;
 CONSULTATIVE STYLE
This style is used in semi formal
communication situations where, as its
name goes a transition of some sort takes
place.
 CASUAL STYLE
Used among friends and acquaintances in
informal situations like in the canteen or
when the students chat.
 INTIMATE STYLE
This is completely private language that
us used within the family and with very
close friends , usually the intimate group
of pair; it excludes public information and
shows a very close relationship between
or among interactants.
 THE NINE
PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
The Nine Principles of Effective Communication
Michael Osborn (2009) claims that communication must meet certain standards for
effective communication to take place.

1. Clarity
Clarity makes speeches understandable. Fuzzy language is absolutely
forbidden, as are jargons, cliché expressions, euphemisms and doublespeak
language.

2. Concreteness
Concreteness reduces misunderstandings. Messages must be supported by
facts such as research data, statistics or figures. To achieve concreteness, abstract
words must be avoided.
 The Nine Principles of Effective
Communication
3. Courtesy

Courtesy builds goodwill. It involves being polite in terms of approach and

manner of addressing an individual.

4. Correctness
Glaring mistakes in grammar obscures the meaning of a sentence. Also, the
misuse of language can damage your credibility.
 The Nine Principles of Effective
Communication 8.

5. Consideration

Messages must be geared towards the audience. The sender of a message

must consider the recipient's profession, level of education, race, ethnicity,
hobbies, interests, passions, advocacies and age when drafting or delivering a
message.

6. Creativity Creativity in communication means having the ability to craft interesting messages
in terms of sentence structure and word choice.
7. Conciseness
Simplicity and directness help you to be concise. Avoid using lengthy expressions and
words that may confuse the recipient.

8. Cultural Sensitivity
Today, with the increasing emphasis on empowering diverse cultures, lifestyles, and races and
the pursuit for gender equality, cultural sensitivity
becomes an important standard for effective communication.

9. Captivating
You must strive to make messages interesting to command more attention and better
responses.
NON- VERBAL COMMUNICATION:
Focus on the “Hidden Language”
CATEGORIES OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
SIGN LANGUGE- Words and numbers which are transmitted as
message through the rise of gesture.

OBJECT LANGUAGE- represents material objects like clothes,

shoes, tools or art objects.

ACTION LANGUAGE- refers to all movement which are not

frequently used as signals on cues. (ex. walking)
 TYPES OF NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
Facial expressions- The look on an individual’s face is often the first
thing we see. A smile, frown, or grimace tells a lot about their mood and
how the subsequent conversation will go. Expressions of happiness,
sadness, anger and fear are universal emotions and key forms of
nonverbal communication.

Kinesics- Kinesics, or gestures, are conscious body movements like

waving, pointing, and giving a thumbs up or down. One's culture
typically determines what gestures are socially acceptable and which
are rude.
 TYPES OF NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
Paralinguistics- This type of communication is powerful since altering your
voice changes the meaning of a sentence. Think about all the ways you can
use the phrase “I’m fine.” If you say it quietly, you might be feeling dejected,
but if you say it forcefully, someone might detect your defensiveness.

Body language and posture- Crossing your legs or arms, a head nod,
slouching, or sitting up straight are all examples of true body language. For
example, you may have seen crime films focus on body language to further
the narrative. It can also hint at what isn’t included in the dialogue.
 TYPES OF NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
Proxemics- Proximity references how near something is. Human beings take personal
space seriously. They also interpret physical distances in interactions differently.

Scientists focused on proximity biases in North America have grouped expected space as
follows:

Intimate space: Close physical contact up to 18 inches of space, typically shared between
people in an intimate relationship.
Personal space: Between 18 inches to 4 feet depending on whether you’re speaking to a
stranger, casual acquaintance, or close friend.
Social space: 4 –12 feet of space provided in social settings, like a shared office space or
the distance between a presenter and their audience.
Public space: 12 feet or more, typically observed in shopping malls and airports.
 TYPES OF NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
Gaze- It may sound cliche, but it’s true that “The eyes are the windows to the
soul.” Our eye contact is a massive factor in nonverbal communication
because it can give clues to how we feel.

Haptics- Communication by touch is called haptics. Touch is powerful

because our emotions drive it. Our social class, gender, and, of course, our
upbringing all determine how we respond to touch. Women generally use
touch to convey care and concern, while men are more likely to convey
control.
 TYPES OF NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
Appearance- Your appearance is another thing people notice immediately.
Your hairstyle, clothing, tattoos, piercings, and even body shape give off
cues. This can encourage snap judgments from other people. There’s a
reason your mother always told you to “dress to impress” for a presentation
at school or a job interview.

Chronemics- Chronemics is the role time plays during communication. How

people interpret time can be personal, cultural, or have to do with their
power or status.
 PRELIM
EXAMINATION
August 27, 2024
1:00 PM- 1:30 PM LONG QUIZ
1:30- 3:00 PM PRELIM EXAM
• IDENTIFICATION
TYPES OF EXAM • MULTIPLE CHOICE
• ENUMERATION
• ESSAY