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4 views

Dbms Notes

Uploaded by

kkr408475
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A database is a collection of logically related data items stored in an

organised manner. The information being stored in a database can be


added, modified, deleted or displayed according to the requirements
of the user.

DBMS The software that is used to create, update and retrieve data is
known as database management system (DBMS). It facilitates
planning and maintenance of the database for the user. Some of the
common examples of DBMS are MS Access, Open Office or LibreOffice
Base, Oracle, Ingress, MySQL.

RDBMS:- A relational database management system (RDBMS)


is a database management system that is based on the
relational model. In the relational model of a database, all data
is represented in terms of tuples (rows), grouped into relations
(tables). A database organized in terms the relational model is a
relational database.
What is a Primary key in a table ?
A Primary key is a column in a table which consists of unique values i.e. it cannot have
duplicate values or null values. (null – no value). For example in a table school admission
number can be a primary key as it is must and unique for all students.

A foreign key is a key used to link two tables together. This is sometimes
also called as a referencing key. A Foreign Key is a column whose values
are derived from the Primary Key of another table.

Alternate Key: An alternate key is any candidate key that is not chosen as the primary key.
These keys are also capable of uniquely identifying records in the table but are used as
secondary options for the primary key

Composite Primary Key: A composite primary key is a primary key made up of two or more
columns in a table, collectively unique, that together can uniquely identify each record. It is
used when a single column is not sufficient to ensure uniqueness across records.
Candidate Key: A candidate key is a column or a set of columns in a table that can uniquely
identify each record in that table. Each table can have multiple candidate keys, but only one
can be selected as the primary key. Candidate keys must have unique values and cannot
contain null values.
The advantages of a Database Management System (DBMS) include:

1. Data Redundancy Control: DBMS reduces data duplication by centralizing data,


ensuring that each piece of data is stored only once.
2. Data Integrity and Consistency: Ensures data accuracy and consistency across the
system, which improves reliability for users and applications.
3. Data Security: DBMS provides security features such as authentication and
authorization, helping to protect data from unauthorized access.
4. Efficient Data Access and Management: Allows for quick data retrieval and
manipulation through queries, making data management faster and more efficient.
5. Concurrent Access and Multi-User Support: Allows multiple users to access and
modify data at the same time without conflicts, enhancing productivity.
6. Data Backup and Recovery: DBMS includes features for automatic data backup and
recovery, which protects data in case of system failures.
7. Improved Data Sharing: DBMS enables easy data sharing among different users and
departments in an organization.
8. Enforces Standards: Ensures that all data adheres to a consistent format and rules,
which simplifies data maintenance and improves data quality

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