‭KJSCE/IT/SYBTECH/SEMIII/DMS/2023-24‬

‭Experiment No.: 04‬

‭Title:‬‭To use DML operations and SQL queries to‬

‭Populate the database‬

‭(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)‬

 ‭KJSCE/IT/SYBTECH/SEMIII/DMS/2023-24‬

‭Batch:‬‭C-2‬ ‭Roll No.:‬‭16014223049‬ ‭Experiment No: 04‬

‭Aim:‬‭To use DML operations and SQL queries to populate‬‭the database .‬

‭___________________________________________________________________________‬

‭Resources needed:‬‭PostgreSQL PgAdmin4‬

_‭ __________________________________________________________________________‬
‭Theory:‬

‭ he‬ ‭Data‬ ‭Manipulation‬ ‭Language‬ ‭(DML)‬ ‭is‬ ‭used‬ ‭to‬ ‭populate‬ ‭the‬ ‭table‬ ‭with‬ ‭values,‬
T
‭modify the table values and remove the rows of the table.‬

‭ he DML statements‬
T
‭are: SELECT‬

I‭ NSERT‬
‭UPDATE‬
‭DELETE‬

_‭ _________________________________________________________________________‬
‭Procedure:‬

‭ REATE TABLE products (‬

C
‭product_no integer,‬

n‭ ame text,‬
‭price‬
‭numeric );‬

‭Let us consider the above products table‬

I‭ nserting rows:‬
‭The INSERT command requires the table name and column values‬

‭INSERT INTO products VALUES (1, ’Cheese’, 9.99);‬

I‭ f we don’t have values for all the columns, you can omit some of them. In that case, the‬
‭columns will be filled with their default values. For example:‬

‭INSERT INTO products (product_no, name) VALUES (1, ’Cheese’)‬

‭ pdating the values:‬

U
‭The UPDATE command requires three pieces of information:‬
‭(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)‬
 ‭KJSCE/IT/SYBTECH/SEMIII/DMS/2023-24‬

1‭ .‬‭The name of the table and column to update‬

‭2.‬‭The new value of the column‬
‭3.‬‭Which row(s) to update‬
‭UPDATE products SET price = 10 WHERE price = 5;‬
‭UPDATE products SET price = price * 1.10;‬

‭Deleting rows:‬

‭ he syntax of the DELETE command is similar to the UPDATE command.‬

T
‭DELETE FROM products WHERE price = 10;‬

‭Retrieving values:‬

‭ he general syntax of the SELECT command‬

T
‭is SELECT select_list FROM table_expression‬
‭SELECT * FROM table1;‬
‭SELECT * FROM products WHERE price=10;‬
‭SELECT product_no, name FROM products WHERE price=10;‬

‭Example:‬

i‭nsert into department values('IT', 101, 'mumbai');‬

‭insert into department values('COMP', 102, 'mumbai');‬
‭insert into department values('ETRX', 103, 'delhi');‬
‭insert into department values('EXTC', 104, 'chennai');‬
‭insert into department values('account', 105, 'mumbai');‬

i‭nsert into employee values('anita','m','sharma','emp0001',20000,'mumbai',101);‬

‭insert into employee values('nita','g','patil','emp0004',10000,'mumbai',101);‬
‭insert into employee values('krupita','v','jetali','emp0003',20000,'delhi',103);‬
‭insert into employee values('juhi','r','verma','emp0002',15000,'delhi',104);‬
‭insert into employee values('anita','m','sharma', 'emp0005',20000,'mumbai',104);‬

i‭nsert into project values( 1, 'mumbai','website',101);‬

‭insert into project values( 2, 'chennai','coding',101);‬
‭insert into project values( 3, 'mumbai','testing',102);‬
‭insert into project values( 4, 'delhi','documentaion',103);‬

i‭nsert into works_on values(1,'emp0001', 12);‬

‭insert into works_on values(1,'emp0002', 10);‬
‭insert into works_on values(2,'emp0001', 6);‬
‭insert into works_on values(3,'emp0004', 2);‬

i‭nsert into dependent values(‘emp0001’, ‘sunita’,’sister’);‬

‭insert into dependent values(‘emp0001’, ‘nita’,’mother’);‬
‭insert into dependent values(‘emp0002’, ‘kamal’,’brother’);‬
‭insert into dependent values(‘emp0004’, ‘krishna’,’father’);‬
‭(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)‬
 ‭KJSCE/IT/SYBTECH/SEMIII/DMS/2023-24‬

s‭ elect * from employee;‬

‭select * from department;‬
‭select * from project;‬
‭select * from dependent;‬
‭select * from works_on;‬

‭1) employee‬

f‭ namemnamelnamessn salary ecitydno‬

‭---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------‬
‭anita m sharma emp0001 20000 mumbai101‬
‭juhi r verma emp0002 15000 delhi 104‬
‭krupita v jetali emp0003 20000 delhi 103‬
‭nita g patil emp0004 10000 mumbai 101‬
‭anita m sharma emp0005 20000 mumbai104‬

‭2) department‬

d‭ namednodlocation‬
‭------------------------------ ----------- -----------------------------------‬
‭IT 101 mumbai‬
‭COMP 102 mumbai‬
‭ETRX 103 delhi‬
‭EXTC 104 chennai‬
‭account 105 mumbai‬

‭4) project‬

p‭ noplocationpnamedno‬
‭----------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- -----------‬
‭1 mumbai website 101‬
‭2 chennai coding 101‬
‭3 mumbai testing 102‬
‭4 delhidocumentaion 103‬

‭5) dependents‬

s‭ sndepname relation‬
‭-------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------‬
‭emp0001nita mother‬
‭emp0001sunita sister‬
‭emp0002kamal brother‬
‭emp0004krishna father‬

‭(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)‬

 ‭KJSCE/IT/SYBTECH/SEMIII/DMS/2023-24‬
‭6) woks_on‬

p‭ nossnno_of_hrs‬
‭----------- -------------------- -----------‬
‭1 emp0001 12‬
‭1 emp0002 10‬
‭2 emp0001 6‬
‭3 emp0004 2‬

‭__________________________________________________________________________‬

‭Results: (Queries printout with output as per the format)‬

I‭ NSERT INTO Users (UserID, UserName, EMail, PhoneNo, Password)‬

‭VALUES‬
‭('16014223049','Lakshya Santani','[email protected]',8400601296,'Lakshya@1411'),‬
‭('16014223039','Harshit Modi','[email protected]',836951507,'Harshit.Modi'),‬
‭('16014223035','Eashan Salian','[email protected]',8828224975,'Muscles@Eashan'),‬
‭('16014223057','Navya Bhootra','[email protected]',9819865073,'Navya.Bhootra'),‬
‭('16014223054','Zammy Shaikh','[email protected]',8104098974,'Kashmir@Azaadi'),‬
‭('16014223048','Kush Jain','[email protected]',8268334411,'Kush@Aish'),‬
‭('16014223038','Harshika Masand','[email protected]',7666779160,'Harshu@2309'),‬
‭('16014223028','Ayushi Ranjan','[email protected]',9819771902,'Aashu@05');‬

I‭ NSERT INTO Restaurant (RestroID, RestroName, Address, Cuisine, Ratings)‬

‭VALUES‬
‭('1','Cafe Monza','Kharghar','Indian',5.0),‬
‭('2','Pizza by the Bay','Marine Lines','Italian',4.2),‬
‭('3','Pleo','BKC','European',4.8),‬
‭('4','Bastain','Bandra','Indian',3.9),‬
‭('5','Balgami','Andheri East','Korean',4.9),‬
‭('6','Amazonia','Vile Parle','Indian',4.5);‬

I‭ NSERT INTO Reviews (ReviewID, UserID, RestroID, Ratings, Comments)‬

‭VALUES‬
‭('1', '16014223049', '1', 4.5, 'Great food and ambience!'),‬
‭('2', '16014223039', '2', 4.0, 'Good pizza, but service was slow.'),‬
‭('3', '16014223035', '3', 4.8, 'Amazing experience, highly recommend!'),‬
‭('4', '16014223057', '4', 3.5, 'Food was okay, but too pricey.'),‬
‭('5', '16014223054', '5', 4.9, 'Authentic Korean food, loved it!'),‬
‭('6', '16014223048', '6', 4.2, 'Lovely decor and good food.'),‬
‭('7', '16014223038', '1', 5.0, 'Absolutely wonderful place, will visit again.'),‬
‭('8', '16014223028', '2', 3.8, 'Decent, but not worth the hype.');‬

I‭ NSERT INTO Locations (LocationID, RestroID, City, CState, Zipcode)‬

‭VALUES‬
‭('LOC001', '1', 'Navi Mumbai', 'Maharashtra', 410210),‬
‭('LOC002', '2', 'Mumbai', 'Maharashtra', 400020),‬
‭('LOC003', '3', 'Mumbai', 'Maharashtra', 400051),‬
‭('LOC004', '4', 'Mumbai', 'Maharashtra', 400050),‬
‭('LOC005', '5', 'Mumbai', 'Maharashtra', 400059),‬
‭('LOC006', '6', 'Mumbai', 'Maharashtra', 400056),‬
‭('LOC007', '1', 'Thane', 'Maharashtra', 400601),‬
‭('LOC008', '2', 'Pune', 'Maharashtra', 411001),‬
‭(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)‬
 ‭KJSCE/IT/SYBTECH/SEMIII/DMS/2023-24‬
(‭ 'LOC009', '3', 'Bangalore', 'Karnataka', 560001),‬
‭('LOC010', '4', 'Delhi', 'Delhi', 110001);‬

I‭ NSERT INTO Specials (SpecialID, RestroID, Price, FoodType, DishName)‬

‭VALUES‬
‭('SP001', '1', 299.99, TRUE, 'Paneer Tikka Wrap'),‬
‭('SP002', '2', 499.50, FALSE, 'Pepperoni Pizza'),‬
‭('SP003', '3', 750.00, TRUE, 'Vegetarian Risotto'),‬
‭('SP004', '4', 999.00, FALSE, 'Butter Chicken'),‬
‭('SP005', '5', 850.25, TRUE, 'Bibimbap'),‬
‭('SP006', '6', 645.99, FALSE, 'Chicken Biryani'),‬
‭('SP007', '1', 320.00, TRUE, 'Veggie Club Sandwich'),‬
‭('SP008', '2', 450.75, TRUE, 'Margherita Pizza'),‬
‭('SP009', '3', 780.00, FALSE, 'Grilled Salmon'),‬
‭('SP010', '4', 650.49, TRUE, 'Chana Masala');‬

I‭ NSERT INTO Reservations (ReservationID, RestroID, UserID, ReservationTime)‬

‭VALUES‬
‭('RES001', '1', '16014223049', '18:30:00'),‬
‭('RES002', '2', '16014223039', '19:00:00'),‬
‭('RES003', '3', '16014223035', '20:00:00'),‬
‭('RES004', '4', '16014223057', '21:30:00'),‬
‭('RES005', '5', '16014223054', '19:30:00'),‬
‭('RES006', '6', '16014223048', '18:00:00'),‬
‭('RES007', '1', '16014223038', '17:45:00'),‬
‭('RES008', '2', '16014223028', '20:15:00'),‬
‭('RES009', '3', '16014223039', '19:15:00'),‬
‭('RES010', '4', '16014223057', '22:00:00');‬

‭ ELECT *‬
S
‭FROM Restaurant‬
‭WHERE Ratings > 4;‬

‭ ELECT *‬
S
‭FROM Reviews‬
‭WHERE RestroID = '2';‬

‭ ELECT *‬
S
‭FROM Locations‬
‭WHERE City = 'Mumbai';‬

‭ ELECT *‬
S
‭FROM Specials‬
‭WHERE FoodType = TRUE;‬

‭ ELECT *‬
S
‭FROM Reservations‬
‭WHERE UserID = '16014223049';‬

‭ ELECT *‬
S
‭FROM Reviews‬
‭WHERE Ratings = 5.0;‬

‭ ELECT *‬
S
‭FROM Locations‬
‭WHERE CState = 'Maharashtra';‬

‭(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)‬

 ‭KJSCE/IT/SYBTECH/SEMIII/DMS/2023-24‬
‭ ELECT *‬
S
‭FROM Specials‬
‭WHERE RestroID = '3';‬

‭ ELECT *‬
S
‭FROM Reservations‬
‭WHERE RestroID = '1';‬

‭ ELECT *‬
S
‭FROM Reviews‬
‭WHERE Ratings <4.0;‬

‭Output :‬

‭(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)‬

 ‭KJSCE/IT/SYBTECH/SEMIII/DMS/2023-24‬

‭(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)‬

 ‭KJSCE/IT/SYBTECH/SEMIII/DMS/2023-24‬

‭(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)‬

 ‭KJSCE/IT/SYBTECH/SEMIII/DMS/2023-24‬

‭(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)‬

 ‭KJSCE/IT/SYBTECH/SEMIII/DMS/2023-24‬
‭Example:‬

1‭ )‬ ‭To extract the name and ssn of all the employees:‬

‭Select fname, mname, lname, ssn from employee;‬

f‭ namemnamelnamessn‬
‭---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -----------------------------‬
‭anitasharmam emp0001‬
‭juhiverma r emp0002‬
‭krupitajetali v emp0003‬
‭nitapatil g emp0004‬
‭anitasharma m emp0005‬

2‭ )‬‭To select names and city of the employees earning salary more then 10000:‬
‭Select fname, mname, lname, ecity from the employee where salary>10000;‬

f‭ namemnamelname‬ ‭ecity‬
‭---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ----------------------------------------‬
‭anitasharmam mumbai‬
‭juhivermar delhi‬
‭krupitajetaliv delhi‬
‭anitasharma m mumbai‬

3‭ )‬ ‭TO get the details of the cities of the employees in our company:‬
‭select distinct ecity from employee;‬
‭ecity‬
‭------------‬
‭delhi‬
‭mumbai‬

‭4)‬ T ‭ o find the name of the department located in Mumbai and with department‬
‭number 101:‬
‭select dname from department where dlocation=’Mumbai’ and dno=101;‬
‭dname‬
‭--------------‬

5‭ )‬‭To delete all dependent whose relation is mother with employee:‬

‭delete form dependent where relation=’mother’;‬
‭ssndepname relation‬
‭-------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------‬
‭emp0001sunita sister‬
‭emp0002kamal brother‬
‭emp0004krishna father‬

‭6)‬‭Update relation employee to increment salary of all employees working in‬

‭Department 101 by Rs. 10000:‬
‭update employee set salary=salary+10000 where dno=101;‬
‭fnamemnamelnamessn salary ecitydno‬
‭(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)‬
 ‭ JSCE/IT/SYBTECH/SEMIII/DMS/2023-24‬
K
‭---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------‬
‭anita m sharma emp0001 30000 mumbai101‬
‭juhi r verma emp0002 15000 delhi 104‬
‭krupita v jetali emp0003 20000 delhi 103‬
‭nita g patil emp0004 20000 mumbai 101‬
‭anita m sharma emp0005 20000 mumbai104‬

‭__________________________________________________________________________________‬

‭Questions:‬

‭Q1 Explain various data types used in SQL‬

‭Q2 What is outer JOIN and why is it used? Explain its type with example‬

‭Answers :‬

‭ ns‬ ‭1.‬ ‭SQL‬ ‭(Structured‬ ‭Query‬ ‭Language)‬ ‭uses‬‭a‬‭variety‬‭of‬‭data‬‭types‬‭to‬‭define‬‭the‬‭kind‬‭of‬

A
‭data‬ ‭that‬ ‭can‬ ‭be‬ ‭stored‬ ‭in‬ ‭a‬ ‭table's‬ ‭columns,‬ ‭helping‬ ‭to‬ ‭ensure‬ ‭data‬ ‭integrity‬ ‭and‬ ‭optimize‬
‭storage.‬ ‭Numeric‬ ‭data‬ ‭types‬ ‭like‬ ‭INT‬ ‭(integer),‬ ‭FLOAT,‬ ‭and‬ ‭DECIMAL‬ ‭are‬ ‭used‬ ‭for‬
‭numbers—INT‬ ‭for‬ ‭whole‬ ‭numbers‬ ‭and‬ ‭DECIMAL‬ ‭for‬ ‭precise‬ ‭decimal‬‭values‬‭(like‬‭prices).‬
‭Character‬ ‭data‬ ‭types‬ ‭like‬ ‭VARCHAR(n)‬ ‭and‬ ‭CHAR(n)‬ ‭store‬ ‭text;‬ ‭VARCHAR‬ ‭is‬ ‭used‬ ‭for‬
‭variable-length‬ ‭strings,‬ ‭while‬ ‭CHAR‬ ‭is‬ ‭for‬ ‭fixed-length‬ ‭strings.‬ ‭Date‬ ‭and‬ ‭Time‬ ‭data‬ ‭types‬
‭such‬‭as‬‭DATE,‬‭TIME,‬‭and‬‭DATETIME‬‭handle‬‭various‬‭formats‬‭of‬‭date‬‭and‬‭time‬‭information,‬
‭essential‬ ‭for‬ ‭recording‬ ‭events‬ ‭or‬ ‭scheduling.‬ ‭Boolean‬ ‭data‬ ‭types‬ ‭(e.g.,‬ ‭BOOLEAN‬ ‭or‬ ‭BIT)‬
‭represent‬‭true/false‬‭values,‬‭useful‬‭for‬‭flags‬‭or‬‭status‬‭indicators.‬‭Binary‬‭data‬‭types‬‭like‬‭BLOB‬
‭(Binary‬‭Large‬‭Object)‬‭store‬‭large‬‭binary‬‭data,‬‭such‬‭as‬‭images‬‭or‬‭files.‬‭There‬‭are‬‭also‬‭special‬
‭data‬ ‭types‬ ‭like‬ ‭JSON‬ ‭for‬ ‭storing‬ ‭JSON‬ ‭formatted‬ ‭data,‬ ‭and‬ ‭ENUM‬ ‭or‬ ‭SET‬ ‭for‬ ‭defining‬ ‭a‬
‭column‬ ‭with‬ ‭a‬ ‭predefined‬ ‭list‬ ‭of‬ ‭possible‬ ‭values.‬ ‭These‬ ‭data‬ ‭types‬ ‭collectively‬ ‭help‬ ‭in‬
‭managing and querying data efficiently, tailored to the needs of each application.‬

‭ ns‬ ‭2.‬‭An‬‭outer‬‭join‬‭in‬‭SQL‬‭is‬‭a‬‭type‬‭of‬‭join‬‭that‬‭returns‬‭all‬‭the‬‭records‬‭from‬‭one‬‭table‬‭and‬
A
‭the‬‭matching‬‭records‬‭from‬‭another,‬‭filling‬‭in‬‭NULL‬‭values‬‭where‬‭there‬‭is‬‭no‬‭match.‬‭It‬‭is‬‭used‬
‭when‬‭you‬‭want‬‭to‬‭see‬‭all‬‭the‬‭data‬‭from‬‭one‬‭table‬‭regardless‬‭of‬‭whether‬‭it‬‭has‬‭a‬‭corresponding‬
‭match‬‭in‬‭the‬‭other‬‭table,‬‭which‬‭is‬‭useful‬‭for‬‭identifying‬‭missing‬‭or‬‭incomplete‬‭data.‬‭There‬‭are‬
‭three‬ ‭types‬ ‭of‬ ‭outer‬ ‭joins:‬ ‭LEFT‬ ‭JOIN‬‭(or‬‭LEFT‬‭OUTER‬‭JOIN),‬‭RIGHT‬‭JOIN‬‭(or‬‭RIGHT‬
‭OUTER‬‭JOIN),‬‭and‬‭FULL‬‭JOIN‬‭(or‬‭FULL‬‭OUTER‬‭JOIN).‬‭A‬‭LEFT‬‭JOIN‬‭returns‬‭all‬‭records‬
‭from‬‭the‬‭left‬‭table‬‭and‬‭the‬‭matched‬‭records‬‭from‬‭the‬‭right‬‭table;‬‭if‬‭there‬‭is‬‭no‬‭match,‬‭the‬‭result‬
‭is‬ ‭NULL‬ ‭on‬ ‭the‬ ‭right‬ ‭side.‬ ‭For‬ ‭example,‬ ‭if‬ ‭you‬ ‭have‬ ‭a‬ ‭table‬ ‭of‬ ‭customers‬ ‭and‬ ‭a‬ ‭table‬ ‭of‬
‭orders,‬ ‭a‬ ‭LEFT‬ ‭JOIN‬ ‭from‬ ‭customers‬ ‭to‬ ‭orders‬ ‭will‬ ‭list‬‭all‬‭customers,‬‭including‬‭those‬‭who‬
‭have not placed any orders. A RIGHT JOIN works similarly but returns all records from the‬

r‭ ight‬‭table‬‭and‬‭matched‬‭records‬‭from‬‭the‬‭left,‬‭filling‬‭NULLs‬‭when‬‭there‬‭is‬‭no‬‭match.‬‭Finally,‬
‭a‬ ‭FULL‬ ‭JOIN‬ ‭combines‬ ‭the‬ ‭result‬ ‭of‬ ‭both‬ ‭LEFT‬ ‭and‬ ‭RIGHT‬ ‭JOINs,‬ ‭returning‬ ‭all‬ ‭records‬
‭when‬ ‭there‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭match‬ ‭in‬ ‭either‬ ‭left‬ ‭or‬ ‭right‬ ‭table‬ ‭records,‬ ‭filling‬‭NULLs‬‭where‬‭there‬‭is‬‭no‬
‭match‬‭on‬‭either‬‭side.‬‭For‬‭example,‬‭using‬‭a‬‭FULL‬‭JOIN‬‭on‬‭customers‬‭and‬‭orders‬‭will‬‭show‬‭all‬
‭customers‬ ‭and‬ ‭all‬ ‭orders,‬ ‭including‬ ‭those‬ ‭without‬ ‭a‬ ‭match‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭other‬ ‭table.‬ ‭2.‬
‭__________________________________________________________________________________‬
‭(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)‬
 ‭KJSCE/IT/SYBTECH/SEMIII/DMS/2023-24‬

‭Conclusion: (Conclusion to be based on the objectives and outcomes achieved)‬

‭Grade: AA / AB / BB / BC / CC / CD /DD‬

‭Signature of faculty in-charge with date‬

‭__________________________________________________________________________________‬

‭References:‬

‭Books:‬

‭1.‬ E ‭ lmasri‬ ‭and‬ ‭Navathe,‬ ‭“Fundamentals‬ ‭of‬ ‭Database‬ ‭Systems”,‬ ‭6‭t‬h‬ ‭Edition,‬ ‭Pearson‬
‭Education‬
‭2.‬ ‭Korth, Slberchatz,Sudarshan, :”Database System Concepts”, 6th Edition, McGraw –‬
‭Hill.‬

‭WebSite:‬
‭1.‬ ‭http://www.tutorialspoint.com/postgresql/‬
‭2.‬ ‭http://sage.virtual-labs.ac.in/home/pub/21/‬

‭(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)‬