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They weren't all battles and bloodshed.
There was also
coexistence, political compromise, trade, scientific exchange—even love. There were no doubt wars and bloodshed, but that wasn’t the only or dominant story. There was also coexistence, political compromise, trade, scientific exchange, love. We have poetry and chronicles with evidence of mixed marriages.
So they were actually sharing sacred sites that, in theory, they
were supposed to be fighting over?
Back then, there was a more collective approach to sanctity of
space. The Islamic theory said, “we should fight these people and protect the Holy Land.” But in practice, they were willing to share. We know for a fact that when the crusaders came, most Muslims did not raise a finger. And to a large extent, the crusaders didn’t interfere with Muslim religious space. No sooner did the crusaders infiltrate, they were accepted into the political landscape as any others that came: with alliances, wars, treaties, commerce. We have letters from Saladin to the king of Jerusalem, Baldwin III, that convey friendship and deep alliances. The relationship wasn’t dogmatic, it was pragmatic. What did Muslims think of Templar knights? PC: They were aware of the Templars’ special status as elite holy warriors and considered them their most fearsome Frankish opponents. They also saw them as principled, fanatically loyal and unwaveringly fierce. It’s a backhanded compliment that after the battle of Hattin in 1187—the great defeat of the Franks at the hands of Saladin, who was usually magnanimous—he insisted the Templar prisoners be executed because they were seen as such a dire threat. Source On the other side, Usama Ibn Munqidh tells the story of a Frank, recently arrived to the Holy Land, who harassed him about how he was praying when he was in a Templar chapel. And the Templars apologized and helped Usama. Hosting him to pray was part of a diplomatic code.
The Muslim-Christian relationship in the Middle Ages was highly
destructive. Both sides wanted to vanquish each other on the basis of religious differences.
Christians and Muslims fought a number of wars, betrayed each
other, broke the agreements and they slaughtered millions of people. The major reasons for the quarrel included the disputes over the Holy Land, Jerusalem, and Constantinople.
When Christian Crusaders captured Jerusalem they killed all the
Muslims in the city. Throughout the Middle Ages, Christians also made attempts to convert Muslims into Christians with gifts, gold and other valuables but It is strange to say after collecting all the gifts those converts were soon found again in mosques worshipping and reading Quran.
Muslims often treated Christians better by giving them rights. In
1229 when the Muslims were again victorious in the holy land of Jerusalem, they didn’t harm any Christian citizens. They allowed them to follow their religion, but they have to pay higher taxes (Jaziya) than Muslims.
Keightley, Thomas - Secret Societies of The Middle Ages - The Assassins, The Templars & The Secret Tribunals of Westphalia (2005, Weiser Books) - Libgen - Li