LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET Oedipal complex - a universal unconscious sexual wish in a child for the parent of the opposite

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DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS sex, usually accompanied by hostility towards the parent of the same sex
IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES (DISS)
Grade 11 Primary process - workings of unconscious (id) processes. Instinctual energy is freely mobile.
and capable of displacement and condensation. In contrast, secondary process, attributed to ego
functioning, attempts to postpone, revise, or otherwise deflect instinctual motivations

Reality/pleasure principles - the reality principle is one of the two major principles that govern the
PSYCHOANALYSIS functioning of the mind. It designates the psyche’s necessary awareness of information concerning
reality and stands in contradistinction to the pleasure/unpleasure principle, which seeks the
discharge or elimination of drive tension at all costs.
Historical Context
Psychoanalysis began with Sigmund Freud when he broadened his practice from medicine to Transference - In the therapeutic situation, the (unconscious) incorporation of the analyst in the
psychiatry in 1882. He was influenced by Josef Breur, a prominent Viennese physician who internal conflicts of the patient
believed that a client with psychological disorder can be helped by simply talking about his or her
problem, also known as the "talking cure." Unconscious - the part of the psychic apparatus that does not ordinarily enter the individual's
Experiencing serious emotional problems himself such as an exaggerated fear of dying, he awareness but may be manifested by slips of the tongue, dreams, or neurotic symptoms.
engaged in extensive self-analysis by studying his dreams. From his self-analysis, he was able to
develop theories such as the Oedipus complex, the Electra complex, and penis envy, among Concepts Description
others. Id - the original system of the personality
In 1900, he was able to publish The Interpretation of Dreams after which he was accepted in - the pool of psychic energy from which the energy from the ego and
the intellectual community again. superego emerge
- the self-gratifying branch of the personality driven by the pleasure principle,
Key Concepts in Psychoanalysis which attempts to reduce tension by satisfaction of sexual and aggressive
In order to understand the psychodynamics of the person's personality, it is important to discuss impulses.
key concepts in Freud's theory of personality, central to which is the structure of the personality Ego - the decision-making branch of the personality
such as the id, ego, and superego. - ruled by the reality principle that attempts to exert a sensible influence over
the id and superego
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS/CONCEPTS ON PSYCHOANALYSIS: Superego - the discriminating branch of the personality as it is concerned with
moralistic issues deciding what is right or wrong
Death drive/Thanatos - a primitive impulse for destruction, decay, and death, coexisting with and
opposing life instinct. According to Freud, the key to a healthy personality is a balance between the id, ego, and
superego.
Drive - “impulse", "urge". A drive is a psychic tendency which assumes a biological source, an The conscious-unconscious continuum is the key to understanding behavior and problems
object of discharge, and a specific charge. Drives are linked with the sexual needs. within he personality which lies in the unconscious dimension of the human mind. According to
Freud, the mind can be compared to an iceberg and is composed of the conscious, preconscious,
Ego - one that serves as the organized conscious mediator between the person and reality and and unconscious dimensions.
person, and the id demands.

Repression - the exclusion of distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings from the conscious mind.
Often involving sexual or aggressive urges or painful childhood memories, these unwanted mental
contents are pushed into the unconscious mind.

Guilt - an unpleasant feeling associated with unfulfilled, repressed, wishes.

Libido - quantitatively variable of the sexual excitation.

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 Defense Mechanism
• Defense mechanism are invented by the Ego in an attempt to resolve the conflict between
Id and Superego – so that personality can operate in a healthy manner
• It deny/distort reality while operating in unconscious level
• If it is used once a while, the purpose of using it is to reduce stress
• But if it is used frequently, it means the individual are trying to avoid facing reality

1. Repression
 Unpleasant experiences are stored deep in the subconscious mind and can't be access by
the conscious mind
 the exclusion of distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings from the conscious mind. Often
involving sexual or aggressive urges or painful childhood memories, these unwanted
mental contents are pushed into the unconscious mind.
 Basic defense mechanism

EXAMPLE
An accident victim nearly dies but remembers none of the details of the accident

Dimension Description 2. Displacement

Conscious Contains information that the person is aware of and can readily recover - Redirecting the feelings of hostility and violent action from self to another that is less
Preconscious Refers to information that the person is almost consciously ware but is out threatening from original source
of mental awareness
Unconscious Includes all information that the person is not consciously aware of EXAMPLE
Angered by a neighbor’s hateful comment, a mother punish her child for accidentally spilling
her drinks
Freud was able to develop techniques that could be used in psychoanalysis by making the
unconscious conscious. Some of these techniques are free association, dream analysis, 3. Rationalization
confrontation and clarification, and interpretation. - Providing a reasonable explanation to make undesirable behavior appear logical

Techniques Process EXAMPLE

Association encourages the patient to discuss what comes to mind in order to A student who fails a test because she did not study hard enough blames her failure on the
overcome the patient's tendencies to suppress or censor information teacher for using ‘tricky’ question
Dream Analysis analyze elements of dreams that contain symbolic meaning
Confrontation and feedback procedures to help the patient become aware of what is 4. Denial
Clarification occurring and in need of further analysis - Reality is distorted to make it suit to the individual’s wishes
Interpretation involves providing insight to the patient regarding inner conflicts
EXAMPLE
reflected in resistance and transference among others
An alcoholic fails to acknowledge that he is addicted to alcohol

5. Regression
When used to analyze how people behave in society, psychoanalysis can be very helpful and in
- Returning to a behavior pattern characteristic of an earlier stage of development
fact, has the potential to become emancipatory or liberating. Since the core or essence of
psychoanalysis is the analysis of hidden forces in the mind which dominate one's feelings and
EXAMPLE
behavior, by making the unconscious conscious, we can understand and explain social behavior
After Lucy’s parents bitter divorce, she refuse to sleep alone in her room and crawling into bed
and how people act in particular ways in society. Psychoanalysis helps people emancipate
with her mother
themselves from the hidden sources of domination (the unconscious) by finding the origin and
causes of their actions.

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6. Reaction Formation  Everything we do, think, say, feel is an expression of our mind—either conscious,
- Thinking or behaving in a way that is the extreme opposite to those that are of real intention preconscious, or unconscious Reasons could be discovered if contents of the
unconscious could be examined
EXAMPLE  Most symptoms of mental illness are caused by unconscious motivations
A woman who loves an unobtainable man and behaves as though she hates him  To cure psychological symptoms, the unconscious cause must be discovered

7. Projection 6. Structure of Personality

- The attribution of one’s unacceptable urges or qualities to others  Psychoanalytic personality theory concerns how people cope with their sexual and
aggressive instincts within the constraints of civilized society
EXAMPLE  One part of the mind creates these urges, another part has a sense of what society expects,
A person in an extremely bad mood accuses family members of being hard to get along with and another part tries to satisfy urges within the bounds of reality and society
 Mind as a plumbing system, which contains water under pressure
 Pressure is a metaphor for energy from instincts, which builds up and demands release
Fundamental assumptions of psychoanalytic theory
 Regarding this internal pressure, three different schools of plumbing:
 One plumber (Id) suggests we open up all valves at the slightest pressure
1. Human mind is like a "hydraulic" system, operating by internal pressure
 Another plumber (Ego) offers ways to redirect pressure so that the strain is relieved
without making a mess
2. Personality change occurs with redirection of a person's psychic energy
 Another plumber (Superego) wants to keep all the valves closed
Basic Instincts: sex and aggression
a. Id: Reservoir of psychic energy
 instincts: Strong innate forces that provide all the energy in the psychic system
 Most primitive part of the mind, source of all drives and urges
Two instinct classes (earlier): Self-preservation instincts, sexual instincts
 Operates according to the pleasure principle; desire for immediate gratification
Later formulations: Freud collapsed self-preservation and sexual instincts into one,
called life instinct (libido); added death instinct (thanatos)  Functions according to primary process thinking, thinking without logical rules of
conscious thought or anchor in reality
Although Freud initially argued life and death instincts oppose each other, later he argued  Wish fulfillment: Something unavailable is conjured up and the image of it is temporarily
they could combine (e.g., in eating) satisfying

3. Unconscious Motivation: Sometimes We Don’t Know Why We Do What We Do b. Ego: Executive of personality
 Constrains id to reality
4. Unconscious: Part of the mind holding thoughts and memories about which person is unaware;  Develops within first two or three years of life
includes unacceptable sexual and aggressive urges, thoughts, and feelings  Operates according to reality principle: Ego understands that urges of id are often in
conflict with social and physical reality
5. Human mind consists of three parts  Operates according to secondary process thinking, development and devising of
 Conscious: Contains thoughts, feelings, and images about which you are presently aware strategies for problem solving and obtaining satisfaction
 Preconscious: Contains information you are not presently thinking about, but can be easily
retrieved and made conscious c. Superego: Upholder of societal values and ideals
 Unconscious: Largest part of the human mind  Internalizes ideals, values, and moral of society
 Iceberg metaphor  Refer to as the "conscience"
 Freud argued that unconscious material can take on a life of its own—Freud called this  Tool of the superego in enforcing right and wrong is the emotion of guilt
the "motivated unconscious"—material can "leak" into thoughts, feelings, and  Like id, superego is not bound by reality
behaviors

 Psychic Determinism: nothing happens by chance

 Freud argued that nothing happens by accident— instead, there is a reason behind
every act, thought, and feeling

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ENRICHMENT ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1
Identify the following

1. A set of psychological theories that transformed human self-understanding by interpreting the

free associations and decipher its meaning.
2. The part of the id that is modified as a result of the perceptual system and by its proximity and
access to consciousness.
3. An emotionally charged complex of family relationships characterized as a universal
unconscious sexual wish of a child for the parent of opposite sex.
4. An organization of component instincts that takes adult form only at puberty.
5. A quantitatively variable of the sexual excitation.
6. Identified as the life instincts or the “preserver of all things”.
7. The exclusion of distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings from the conscious mind.
8. The part of the psychic apparatus that does not ordinarily enter the individual’s awareness but
may be manifested by slips of the tongue, dreams, or neurotic symptoms.
9. A phenomenon that emerges during the course of psychoanalytic treatment characterized by
unconscious incorporation of the analyst in the internal conflicts of the patient.
10. The oldest and most primitive psychic agency which represents the biological foundations of
personality.

ACTIVITY 2
Complete the Table

Predict how the id, ego and superego might respond. Use the table below
Response
Id
Ego
Superego

Scenario
Tomorrow, you have your final exam in Earth and Life Science. You have been studying
hard for the past week, but are nervous because you typically don’t do well on tests. As a result,
you go to a review session after school. You’re the last one to leave the room, and just as you’re
about to close the door you notice that there is a piece of paper on the ground. You pick it up and
look at it to discover that it’s actually tomorrow’s exam with the answers filled in.

Prepared by: Reviewed and Checked by: Noted by:

JOSEPH A. REYES PABLO NOEL R. SARMIENTO BERNADETTE N. OPAY

Subject Teacher SHS Focal Person School Principal II

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