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Rom A stata
6 Linked List
Slabs
fn Rev eked a Mama Mea actin Gag Clit, ne a
‘ci Sig Ir on Elon By ne Cen and
(68 Oty Lied Uist doy 1, 16 est 1
69 Chute Led Ls tent,eis & Applications
EEE Definition
linked tsa st of nodes
a
co a a tt fl rma [ES]
iy.
1 Links erection dows no support endo direct sxe,
Tink el pat next ne
2 Each ata ld std be sapere
CLI ts ti of es ah ki fs a
fee eae
EEA Representation
ye ea ae
‘
fet at a“)
se ode "ont Ink
psu!
le decring C structure for «Usd Lt -
Decae a stein which two membec ae here Le dit member and ext
pnt mente
+ The date menber cn be characte integer or al ind of data depending upon
the ie of he information ht the ed at shaving
tos I sn ene
eof
1+ The ‘aa member eamialy of «poner pe. Aad the pine should
tact iype Boa he net fd ol the adres of ct node. And each
de alte contig of al and nex
FEET oarbage Collection
The meno loti che it dn the hp se
ah wnt te een ean ce ad,
ging. te pega bs eps 0 Pao Gp
SerSud ‘oe pag: lowe cons 6s ayo
17 md fe Sb bt ea ot el ay
apse ou again ese eat
1 NI he aE STA re cs ed and med hem a
‘srcalond ape
2 Spon hn sep Se mmthed of ee in ad
‘7 at so cated by tm ces om a er aap a
et he dav ef is mark and wean tip ngs of
sem pt cael hoe i deuce open
Comput the igo the ote pe moe down in he hp
anders move wpm «coos kof fess ahr
Same ngage eMail alo bo mma ener mmagemt las
git iim The ping lisa Wm a tea ay
ete
ieee
1. The manual memory management dane by the progam (esr malloc we of
rv delet a th end the fein tne concuing secret poms Heme
‘hs automat memory managements done
2 Reuabilty ote memory can be achieved with he po gauge alls.
Desdvantge
1. The eaton ofthe program passed or he proms of
sepped ng, eatage
‘Thus we have lume «dynamic data seucre repent by Hear orgnizaton.
‘Te import thing to nat i tat, while designing some applic Hs not
necesary 1 dasign Rng only one type a ace ut we tn easing Vong
‘ype of ruts to have a licens apcationJe Sechenova a
TEED Types of Linked List
“Ter are vou pe find sts sch 5,
+ Sey Hern st
"Sint raid ot
+ Deny ink et
+ Dou cat nk et
Let so ech ofthe shor one by one
4 Singy Una inked i.
Go -aS-So aE
2s cle gly bee is st cons ost one nk pot ren rode
cement. Th alent Bast et cet pot ain
asm: The lat ldo ates NULL whe at
fear The very ft re leds eit
= Sgly cr kd et
1 the type of ln ten one ink to pitt pnt carat a thi
Iie is cra means atthe last ods ink eld post the fist or hed rode
That seas scoring fo example fer 40 the next haber wil be 10S the lt is
cua n nature
wu E [oF Se TET
‘This ist led doubly becuse each nde has two pines previous and net
ners. The previous pits plns to reviout node ud ext pote points ext
fede. Only i ase of had roe the revous per cba NULL an at
‘ode net pote ott to NULL Thi eis nate
+ Doubly cea kd et at
‘a ocr ~
bly Enked Kt [=
fe betes Te —FeTS=F TFL
ner oft
{Sie ote rent por of at le pdt ha de Had me «
Seal node which may. uteny- damn dae ay fore were wc
rman mah al ber ef rt It wich ma be el ony
the oni ering Was opens tt
1 eet pes fed th ar =a
2 a idl? Ep he orn of nel ith rm
FEA sity Linke st
1 cma tt at
amen
& 5
Now daa vr ne
$a and ernt Sat ne a
SSS ewe i
ppg snP bene bd a nt oe tS")
Sn)
t
tomo hwpe tk tha ort tice ne
teapot Rew nny ee
a feel
it ae
St Do Wat ea we emg
a
==. a
nel Sgt Linked Lin i cesta :
= *
—— ee eres a
‘node "get TET ok Boe
be mead — Neg : :
‘tamp( node “) malloc(stevofinode) Es -
‘temp—>nen=NULL: —
=
,
Creston ef Enkd Ht (gle explanation part
Initial one vane Nagi taken whine valu i aed t TRUE 1) The
upon of Sg & for making a deck om ceton of fet nae Tat mena If ag
TRUE then we have to cents hed ode or fst node of Ink lat. Nataly ther
xeaton of Sst node we wil eset the ag (sgn FALSE to ag). Condesa
wwe have entered the Eats valve 10 than
Ae
Sen vee
eee ae
aiid ae
ee Boe)
tp = bed
soma YR ssmanssnatee en
‘Step 3: I head ‘is created we can further create a linked list by
‘ig ect de apr st mde wi ae 2
lest] elms] ~—— perry
dS ener
Tf wr wants oer mare anes hen etsy fr value 30 the scesro wil be
Glos
aed
FS
“hen for vale
sup 5
Net fe eter 4 then
I a
1 he Sal ink st
2 Dlspay of ed st
We are psing the ads of head node the dpay routine and caling head
8s the "emp node: feline iss nat erate then marly hendetenp noel
‘be NULL Therefore the message “Theis emp = wil be dplayed
Mee Lael aad aad el ail La Vil al al at a atng Aen en eet
on of ay lent amare in the Inked Bt
‘Thre ar te pics when we wat inet an eet nt ed at
1) Irion of node «head node) Ist of + noe a ast nade
sean of nade ater some node,
We wl see he ist -
eee ee ee ee ets aaa
BeBe ial OF
pe hw ei pt OL il coe col KEE
Bw arly ae ep
pees)
i plone
on RAO gan(src tne “0
wee wil nro athe ed ee)
|
ad
Wwe wan ose tin the inked st whichis aleady cried. We want 10
ner hs 3 ter node containing 9 then
WS-elS-4S el]
soe
as)
—
» panera eae
Toma nae eeat Scie Ao en
‘As we wl search forte value 3,
fz]
LJ
fz]
lJ
é
[3]
fy
fe]
EE
omc Ti anc trate
coerieeeearras
pay oe
x 5
"Wale Keen you wat de"
Fo cre weccemere
a
‘Suppose we have.
RN od ae co
‘sing sere head hey) outs Mack the net be dela temp Then we wl
‘btn previous nade of emp wing get pre) furtion Mask previous node as prey
WS+-2L>-FL fe[ext]Sct in eu
br qs eS (alex)
[Nowe wil et temp rove wing ne
othe temp node ing fe functon. Than the ke et wl be
‘Aotiesase iif we want delat head node ten -
5 Searching of desired ment nh ke st Sippas ley = 20 Le, we want a nade coining value 20 then compare
‘The seach faction i for searching the nde conning det ve We ps
{he head ofthe Inked Ist fo this rine 20 tat the comple ned kt car be | tenp
searched rm the being
Bae
GS-2 S++ S+-]
“—en, ew, hed a
‘va as,
de ge neh
fey = HURL
ag = TH; ag tet ett ew na
t
asa he ent
(samp pe tek fe et tet te *)
; :
GH Da you Veto eter mo semen
Spel
amet ear
ah
Se
3
ee (op |= HOLE)
esl > "temp >a
pe mes pee ath or,
mae
or aap,
A A A NRA SSDat Soe Aenine fe seat
‘
rint-Tee Maneatis ot pret the Let)
sexe:
peehlcbin)
£ Ne fed sete fo
ase tneadincart hana) ees
te
nee ince neal Me me i eo
faode “New, “ex:
Now=9e todo :
oie Bater Toe element which you wat to ase”
eail"5d" en > as)
=
£
;
a
eee
T
‘i ie as
t
eee eat
ey=ge nde
ata ater Te elomee whic you wast ae"
PS ndasheee
TR Arey and Linked List Comparison
F622 Example of ode DL
“The inked sepresentatin of x doubly kod ists
wus] +# £1
Rom Ral gmanEEE LE CSS rere
‘VYiin Fr
‘Stop 1: Intl one variable fag i taan whose valu ital to TRUE. The
Purpose of dar fg or “ack on ceston of ist ode, Aer iting ist
ode rat be ni FALSE)
7
ay ss etre on dee
sp 2: I hen pode scat, we en farther rte # Unk It By thing the
fnbequnt odes. Seppo, we wat trot «ne wl alae 2 ten
a A ee
fies ~ So
{3
Mer want nat node wth aly 30 hn =
Continaing nto doy Liked an be cent
2 Diplay of DLL
‘As ech of DL contains tw ink els -
‘revi tk and net nk Hence we can diplay DLL in frward as wl a
seve deton
ForardOispay
‘As now temp becomes NULL, we will an out ofthe whe loop Hence a3
reat eva pay wil be
10-520-100440ieste Tite tt on eset
Fil empl pret at nde
tatene : Pa @EoS-CreT a
—— | ee ;
SSS ve =
{Eas
rT ==
eae
Reverse Display eoremad|
Ft of all we mast each athe lt node by tng while stant
BESO aC
Now if west tmp = temp spe, then temp Eases NULL hence we wil
come out of whe op Hence we gt dgay a)
S-Inseton of nae in BLL
‘There are the css fo ietin of oe
1) Iseron os nde athe begining,ODDS
PECTET TT
re
PTT?
2) serio of nde thee
£5) aero of nade termite poston.
‘Case 1: sing» nade tthe ginning
Suppose we want inert nade wih value hen
Se Re Se)
(Deaton of node
Suppo we want to dle «nade with vale 29 hen ft search hs oe,
= aston
SSeS i) eT,
GS) strc ne
(Case 2: meron of «noe at heen suppose me want ont «rode with vale
| the fist move temp post fe te,
SS See ae) een
ow tng
tapas
(case 3: Inserting» node athe inlemedit poston.
‘Soppone we want to insert a noe with value 22 af nde with alae 7, thn
fit sch th node with value 2.
oan | JQ LES tice,
ee seting, these
inks, tee emp) in
‘rd deat thi ode
sly this we gt
IEEE comparison batwoen Singly
ome RateSEE ic fon ald oo Bry ig Daly Lived ist O12)
Sean =
‘Sid edi saa staan na)
t
ety oop.
‘hfs Snee=ROLt)
ead -bedl Deering a he ed at
texpt=hast sation inte to
rita Szechy
Td heda->omrentng an rd cn,
exp hewt img tn
nssoge noes toe em.
So,
[pone
eNO as at get a"
t
feo tama,
‘inp tne
temp Speer gt deh
‘rons Sem
{Sap topoeatng DL oh at
eens
,
Festina fo manta or del uy ean'/
seers
Tee dace
eer
OS
}
;
CEEEIEE rie « c-fos te wrt « Dy Lined it (DULL. Empl wth
aes hl
t
‘ee “ep mete ep,
eit pose ns aa
t
‘Me! =-hasyin ee
{
‘rele
i1. lise he head ne to NULL Rand the nea ag fhe pron.
‘Crate node named Ne and sted in th nde,
proton Sami Re
New >ge=Aat
2 Taka temporary mde temp uch hat
espa
2 enp-=NUL
aio Es Yow i e
‘At as ep Sat ede the doubly ed It pts cent
4 Now to ete he ose odes of Be it we lr he and toe
[New noe Then stash hs noe inthe
teagan Nae
wert,
meee
Repent te sep 4 fr dented mute of ods nt i
For eampie
(aan ep)
Ce ee a TE
(ea =o Toe]
Fane
EEE ite ri fon nC ota ema oy kal at,
8 inten)
(ome == aL)
‘
att car
ete
Sot:
Prono rate
Porras ron}
4 Dee ey ede wth lst nd Ast We «Cfo 1
2 i rt te oe iy a
2 Wha she dete of tly Bike toe singly ink Ts? Mr wi a exemple
(iar no fon yl te pote ih pat em eed
‘pee at ae er ft ae ed
Eo
EET Circular Linked List
“he crear ake Ut sw shown below
aon ia
a
feos
‘uc "om ew
‘Eo ne gesoind
ea
Her = peo,
‘pista Te Keno
ea able Sa
Steno eantae TE
Sresareee
top h
ep nt = bn sg at
epvenp Sunt np tht ote
seco Sees torntateg te
Now Shock mag ca")
ie
eet cdo yaieee em eer
oma
ise
*
(fs be
ee pee SS
ste ae ad
fee “New
“Rew (ote abate mds
Dew srne = NOLL
Tnaly we wil aoate memory for New sade wing a funcon getrode )
“Theres one athe ag whovepurpone io heck wher ft rce cet OF
‘ot That means ag 1 et) then tne ent ceed Teco afer Gaon of
‘Sat node we hive to rect the fag
1 we want inet then
ie want net te
fe S-elS-2I 4
[eee “oe haa
pg
pe 2S aS
(raking ag es
es Servite
Hare vale hed indies ving [LELSN |e ns
soos | |ERE nae
Now a5 fag = 0, we can further
comate the nodes and tach them at
flows
‘When we have akon coment 27
Se
BS
‘hus we can cre acu ink ty ering ne ore clement 5. i
stow bln
2. Dopey fcc Inked it
pearestan a bat wee
Fe ane es
tea = had
‘emp = nt)
“Rea oe tt kage);
‘
‘
itl temp >datal
{mp = tgp oo ¢aSeSesesaS | sa
we want to insr New node a lst noe consider ned st
Sas eSe5)
Sasso eSe
Iie want oer an amet 35 er nde 3 then
lllddld lll le
=!
ont SP en
eal aig ey eee
ur
Sappst we have ce inked Ls ax
GaSe,Src sens or ree
we want o dele fm dat de 10th
sae
“Sa
we wan fo delet an intermediate nde fo ke ist which pen lowe
a
cee
ES-ES SE SSS) omen
‘Then fe emp} / to delat memory
{Searching rode om eink st
ut de “nrc headin mu)
ANAK AN Ae
AAADNASAI Naa ea aaSEEEEY ES ew eLwew
ere
t
sa:
‘rn Pra For Cat ike Lit"
‘in: < Dario of cny onde ark
se 2 Dept
‘ae
a0 tinea
ea
ass had “Deet ped
ek
se print Eater Th Kat Wc eo Be Soc "
sf
‘ap =Sereiad am
temp/=NUI)
PR" The ade rae
[EM nt rere
ene:
Fees mat got Mei
pre Via
(ez me crete
‘eta ans
Ine tag
de “hadew, emp:
(Rrst ante" sel
arate
New = got node
‘i mnt = ea aig teat sce")
ptm Yaee amp ast te"
ow Seabee (ach i wang th et elar/
;
ein Do yn watt eta mor oe
——
Now =taoe "mabe ata:
Jains ern syset noe “ant headers "be
t
tne “gt ate
aia tc nce "a
ot
Revert d
MoceSe tae Te elon wtih os wa ene"
are anor >a
nA ew >a
Siiees== nt)
: “
t
Has Te one ater wh you wt toes he bat“
an er
fap~tead
‘
ee ru
tee
=eeee Cert _:
»
. Sauce "haa as)
fenpeicas
eee)
‘temp >data =~ nan)
é
(eect nde “Deet(arne“ens)
‘och
a
‘ese Bae te et wich ato be dete
Sana
Peseta Ta te ltd
,
F
wlio) etme nde to be eta
‘
‘aeenp-> nen >data= ho)
t
Ph cae cies tin es
tonp->aex=tonpt ae
‘aplonae=NU
‘rata
PR he soe delta
ot
Program Yor Caer nko ist
2 Dip of rr Lae
Scans eHow oT
‘ran Fr Catrina
1 sain any ate
2 Dimlayel Co at eaeg
5 tsetse in Caer
‘Datto taoyarde
S Seg Pi Bava aT Ut-Atvantages of esa Unke Ust oer Sly Und Lit
1 arin et he npr of hit nde ois othe ed ode Hance
wwe an move from lt nade tothe Bd ne of te et very ec. Hee
‘owing of ry nae euch ate gy Eke et
2 Ce nl th i
EBD HeaderLines List
‘+ The bend nde 2 node which ea he bpnig of he Bed.
‘+ The end nde my contain sone wef aration tt Ud at ha tal
umber of ode inthe Bt add of at deo ae pc aging
fection,
+ The ars ofthe String node sre hed palate
+ Ferexample
(eo-S5-EE-SD ial
(3-an-SE ener
Fa 6201
cana e@h
Ph ose str tt 8 ets tt
4+ Te importance of head node and hed pointe sat we get the starting adress
he led a And wing est potters fom the head node subsequent nes
inh nied et can be and.
Fe magi
(Petty ators waka tmp vo)
‘pitied
‘ae pa
1
EETI Linked implementation of Stack
Sack i apc cof it and therfore we cam seen tick wing ays a8
wl a using label st The advantage of implementing sack aeng inked it
‘hat we ned ot vet wery abot the a ofthe stack. Sine wea sing inked
1st as mary clamens we wat #0 Inet ose many nodes canbe cad. And the
de ae dymamily ting crested ote wnt be any snk fll conciton
‘The ypc 'C sce frikik can be
t
toa
Tach nde costs of dit andthe net
fi Such 2 node wil be iecered in the
{cP 681 pr ack ig ed
roe ST]
ao
‘hae ar varios pertins tat can be
formed on the Inked ck Thee
pene a =I
an he
a e614 Remag ed sek
4 Ska
1. Ph operon
‘The pre code foe push operton sas allowstS Agate oss
This canbe dove wing flowing tenets
"how Seng
taps x
‘od we wl ot
Tite main fncion, when the fen fo be eed ree, a all push fer
Scion enn ah on str on pe sed ale Cae
serary fra nodes fle ‘Thus by pushing te ems repay we can cee tack winged et
se 2. Pop oman
estos
aa Serer basa Is
a
Wapain Path fonction a or pacing he ae 29
puree ecars
‘Tiki the ade of tp
feng node al asigang row top
ent ne
Witt
te
f
u
Festa
qTSr Anns em
papi
eaten
i
bt
fia:
s See eee
TE) vr ft ors sly ln et You may adie om
ite sre mint i
Saleton: tn the dean cack in be eae
rere
=
peel (ace at and
=
$i vere ton fo aleny ted nad lit can be rien 0
‘eerste “ad
'
4
(GEIMNETE ire ft sing sack deminer the ioe ing
alder
t
ett
ee
Ee
Sarees aeHCCC
oe
rr
mn |
cesta)
ieee
TEA Linked implementation of Quove
The main avantage of wing inked repnttion of gure eh hte 20
ato the nar ofthe gurus We cn fae tay Sess we wan i he
(gene by cng the queda of rv he Ces eo lane
ied Gc an te ods on be erred fs Be quae
‘he pial nae sre wl be
Various operations tat canbe peor on queue ar,
1 rerio of «nade in gue
2. Deletion of ree fromthe gue
3. Checking whether que yo not
4. Display of gues
‘Thelin representation ofthe queue is a5 shown below
a)
Al hse operation are inplemented in fling C progam.
x2 ot =o
3 riya
bee
uta pet tou have sata Wig CsTW ft pon edt po gg ie
TUTETCECEEEEEEEEEDOLL
rl ote en
[GEED Applications of Linked List
Vasu apleatin fink it ae
1 Repesnaton of plana ae peorning vaio operations sah sain,
ultpeaton an eralantn oni
2 Fesoring aon of og oie ites.
4 Repent non tea non homoge Is
Polynomial Manipulation [RITES ETSY
“The ypc ode fr ech em in pono wl ak He tis
(alee Tas)
Fe 614 Noe of eon
Foe xample To represent 3745147 he nk et wl
neh nde, opus eet cme ha te
fu sing haps nh as oon pecs en se
tht omni ead needing re open
Ti ode ce» egy kd it pening 4 tf Pl
‘ean be defined as follows: i
esta rt
Set cnt
Seeks Se
ote of ed epaniaton oe aaye
1 On cox lew ee pat lt em he pa
2 No or eiton on number of ean i he praia requ Tis rls
‘Mee und more spc lint epesenaon
om ne hg easce ipenne on Lanett
‘The inserion and deletion operations canbe cate oa very ealy witout
movenent da
Dlsdranage of tinted representation over aay
4. We canot acess any term randomly or dwcly we hae to go fom st nde
shay
EBERT Acciton of two Potynomiats using Singy Linked List
Log for pyri alton by Sink St
‘Sp1: int ofl we cee to ned plone
Beep
p= sata
Pr = S487
Exch nde inthe ply wil lack ke his
“hein Ist for p willbe
»GES-GES-oi
Sry ep willbe
‘Sip 2: For addon of wo payremii apni of both the poli ar
ame ten we ad the cok Fr sigh ret we wl ces he hid Id etsy
Py. The prone wl ea flows
»GETS-GE Tig
supa:
eta o
Coes Coe
te te
EES-Sim
ep 4:
HESSHLESHESe ESS
f} Sceten cel aot
Racer
a ae Teen eons
CEES =
»GEES-SbTS-fiE
ee(at Src An on aso at Ste Aen en est
oe
°C code fr ation of tro pyre
Ce
i
%
g >GES-GhTS Tia
& »EETS-GG1TS-E3 om fone ee
hn cameaal es | a
~~ yet ere pode
eee GES GES rey
kes f oe
oe See iae ere Fame
Dy tabs obrS GSS ie | een
> ene
Po ‘to nines
fo CGE Gris-Girksl ae
— t See
Se ors ors ol “ etc etna
ae a Co
(es .nrs-6rS-GE ES -E - ei in te nt wy
i cr a
a )
Macias me peice a
» Tome nent etc on RRO geeLEELETYTCESCSCSUcCEeeerrT
esprin b ente St pteil oben promi“)
patsy
‘sap = som. pS
2
Peni the costs sts pom te reat lec
pee totie nay
S52 chs em mrt
y
(a = many > ac Rw et apo tring nade)
Eau
=
Brewood St Ee, tnt Conk» * ep)
e
ew, ey,
‘aig coisa a Reena 3.3
Do you Wat 2 A nro)
oyu Mas To Ad mi Tama)
Gist act apo tera:t
{iar th one ad ape ac
oon Wass Ad mee em)
ae te Sad sal
‘aarti deen oe of erent
Foe in Cute we soa oon $9
Saw Caco eee ten 71
Derm Wat Ae Fe
ieee armel
Sere eo
peewee
Secreto ee
mokieceeene =
Baa ROAR RoE uoeo
4 Wh ime acs se yu re gr poe i ad
«ftir og 2 omits eg ea
Dae eta Maen ee nas}
| MOSS Rise em rt iw
ih ig at et
[GEE Sparse Matrix Reprosentation with Mulilinked Data Structure
Te
+ Delon: A pane matic sw ind of mai which has very few nom sro
‘ements compared the te mx ol he mae
+ For eample- thematic is fe 10 10a nly 10 elements ae non 2.
‘The concept of span matric has came frwan in expe scence oar2 Src etre ee dt
sch 4 represniation Which wil or aly nn ziro eleme fhe mutica
Sal ay out he pratons gue liety
Representations of Spare Matics
+ The repetition of spare mute wil bea eplet oy. Inthe see hat
Ibi he use mat meas ery fe pons eames hangin Rs of
{he spaces ae hig the vals ee ae basaly ace vlog
‘empty aes So in hs efit repre we wl cone al ere
"als log wit he poses
1+ Theo ow wl soe total ows of he mat oll col of te ma, ad
foal nonane aon
+ Foc exmyple~ Suppose «matics 67 and miner of on zr ems ty 8
‘our spane max reprsatn the mae wb sed
nk Stn Hee
In above cepreataton, the total ranber of cows and columns ofthe mati
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