Kelompok Keahlian Sistem Informasi dan Keputusan

Fakultas Teknologi Industri

Institut Teknologi Bandung

Sistem Informasi, Business

Intelligent, dan Big Data Analytics
MR-4052
Perencanaan Sistem Informasi

Fakultas Teknologi Industri

Topics
• Function-based Information System
• Enterprise System: ERP
• IS to Data Analytics
• Business Intelligence
• Database, Data Warehouse & Datamart
• Big Data Analytics
• Case Study
 Minggu ke-5 Bagian 1

Function-based Information System

MR-4052
Perencanaan Sistem Informasi
 Shop floor execution
Function of
Engineering Enterprise
Design

Inventory

Planning

Sales
Transport

4
 Before ERP
• Fragmented Information System setup
• Legacy system, with their own database
• Integration is limited
• Results:
• Time inefficiencies - Inter-dependant departments need to wait for
long to get information from any existing system.
• Data inconsistencies – Information mismatch is possible among inter-
related departments.
• Low quality Decisions– Due to the lack of a global view over existing
business data (customers, suppliers etc.)
5
 Poor Customer Relationship
Management (CRM)

Sales Human Resource Supply

Department Department Department

Example of Fragmented Employees Suppliers

System Environment Sales Database
Database Database

Without having a global view of all previous

transactions
• Quality of service is not optimal
• Better customer relationships can not be achieved
Results in missing sales opportunities & loosing existing customers

6
 Poor Supply Change
Management (SCM)

Inbound
Suppliers Production Transportation Delivery Customer
Example of Fragmented Logistics

System Environment
SCM plans and controls the flow of products and materials from the original supplier
through multiple production and logistic operations to the ultimate consumer
Failure to get a global view of the whole chain results in:
• Poor quality of negotiation with suppliers
• Low degree of control over the whole chain

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 Minggu ke-5 Bagian 2

Enterprise System: ERP

MR-4052
Perencanaan Sistem Informasi
Business Process Pre sales

Communication
Sales
Cycle Payment
Order

Inventory
Billing
Sourcing

Delivery

9
Business processes
Manner in which work is organized, coordinated, and focused
to produce a valuable product or service.

-- Cross-Functional Business Processes

Business processes have unique transcend boundary between sales,
ways to coordinate work, marketing, manufacturing, and research
and development (e.g., order fulfillment
information, and knowledge process…)

Ways in which management chooses to coordinate

10
 ERP
An Enterprise Resource Planning
(ERP) system is a generic term for
an integrated enterprise computing
system.
Enterprise computing systems are
cross functional systems that
provide a variety of functions at
different levels of the organization.

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ERP versus
• ERP systems facilitate the flow of information across the enterprise.
• Driven by business processes AND NOT business functions.
• Uses a single database.

Traditional IS •
•
Supported by a single development environment.
Fits the organization’s business processes

Figure: https://www.sap.com/products/erp/what-is-erp.html
Features of an ERP system
 Architecture of ERP system facilitates transparent integration of modules providing flow of
information between all function within enterprise in real time.
 Many different software are replaced by one integrated system.
 Reliable information access through common DBMS
 Business Process Oriented
 Eliminates data and operational redundancies (no duplication of work or data entries etc.)
 E-Business support (CRM, SCM)

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14
15
SAP S/4 HANA Procurement
Inventory
Management
Material
Valuation

Material Production
Financial Management Sales and Production
Management Orders
Accounting (FI) Accounting (CO) Distribution (SD) Planning (PP)
(MM)

Material
Quality Human Capital Supply Chain Requirements
Plant Maintenance Human Resources Planning (MRP)
Management Management Management
(PM) (HR)
(QM) (HCM) (SCM)

Shop Floor
Customer Supplier Control
Project Systems Relationship Relationship Investment Customer Service
(PS) Management Management Management (IM) (CS)
(CRM) (SRM)

Enterprise
Enterprise Asset Sourcing and Governance, Risk,
Performance
Management Procurement and Compliance
Management
(EAM) (S&P) (GRC)
(EPM)

https://bpx-solutions.medium.com/how-many-modules-are-there-in-sap-s-4hana-b1caefbf09b7
https://www.sap.com/products/technology-platform/cloud-analytics/what-is-enterprise-performance-management.html
Improved
decision
making and
planning • With a centralized database and built in data analysis
capabilities ERP systems will provide informational
benefits to management

17
 Minggu ke-2 Bagian 3

Information System to Data Analytics

MR-4052
Perencanaan Sistem Informasi
 Types of Information Systems
Transaction Processing Systems

Management Information Systems

Decision Support Systems

Data Analytics Expert Systems

Executive Support Systems

Business Intelligence
Example

Data Analytics

Data Analytics

Data Analytics

Data Analytics
ERP to Data Analytics: It is a trend!

https://www.oracle.com/id/erp/#rc30p8
SAP S/4 HANA

Material
Financial Management Sales and Production
Management
Accounting (FI) Accounting (CO) Distribution (SD) Planning (PP)
(MM)

Quality Human Capital Supply Chain

Plant Maintenance Human Resources
Management Management Management
(PM) (HR)
(QM) (HCM) (SCM)

Customer Supplier
Project Systems Relationship Relationship Investment Customer Service
(PS) Management Management Management (IM) (CS)
(CRM) (SRM)

Enterprise
Enterprise Asset Sourcing and Governance, Risk,
Performance
Management Procurement and Compliance
Management
(EAM) (S&P) (GRC)
(EPM)

Budgeting, financial management, and financial forecasting for high-level

strategic planning and financial management with data analytic processes
and dashboards
https://bpx-solutions.medium.com/how-many-modules-are-there-in-sap-s-4hana-b1caefbf09b7
https://www.sap.com/products/technology-platform/cloud-analytics/what-is-enterprise-performance-management.html
Example of ERP
Database
• Oracle EBS applications are
delivered from servers,
databases, storage, and
applications hosted in your
local network, on-premises

https://dataedo.com/kb/app-metadata/oracle-ebs/data-
dictionary
Why data analytics?

• The explosive growth in data collection

 The storing of data in data
warehouses
 The availability of increased access
to data from Web navigation and
intranet
 We have to find a more effective way
to use these data in decision support
process than just using traditional
query languages
Problems Suitable for Data Analytics

require knowledge-based decisions

have a changing environment

have sub-optimal current methods

have accessible, sufficient, and relevant data

provides high payoff for the right decisions!

• Privacy considerations important if personal data is involved
 Minggu ke-5 Bagian 4

Executive Support System (ESS) - Business

Intelligence (BI)
MR-4052
Perencanaan Sistem Informasi
BI (Review)
• A contemporary business
intelligence infrastructure
• Current and historical data are
extracted from multiple
operational systems along with
Web data, machine generated
data, unstructured audio/visual
data, and data from external
sources that’s been restructured
and reorganized for reporting and
analysis
• Outputs include reports and
dashboards as well as query results
 BI vs EPM
Business Intelligence Enterprise Performance Management
• Enable businesses to recognize patterns for • Align business strategy with business execution
decision making • Enterprise-wide KPI
• scale from single-node departmental to multi-node
enterprise-scale • Financial consolidation
• Specific KPI / metrics • Budgeting, financial management, and financial
forecasting
• Data analytics & reporting
• Includes visualization of the data (dashboard)
• Data analytics, reporting, and forecast modeling
(simulations)
• Drilling down from summary- to transaction -level • Most EPM platforms do include BI functionality
details
• Data from • Data from
• data warehouses / data mart • e-commerce systems
• e-commerce systems • front- and back-office applications
• front- and back-office applications • data warehouses
• external data sources • external data sources
• data lake
• distributed storage system
https://www.sap.com/products/technology-platform/cloud-analytics/what-is-enterprise-performance-management.html
https://www.netsuite.com.au/portal/au/products/business-intelligence.shtml
ORACLE BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE FOUNDATION SUITE: Technical Overview
Gartner’s Magic Quadrant for Analytics and
Business Intelligence Platforms
Mandatory Features
• Data visualization
• Governance (data)
• Reporting​
• Analytics catalog
• Data preparation (user-driven
combination of data)
• Data science integration

Magic Quadrant for Analytics and Business Intelligence Platforms (20 June 2024)
Oracle Analytics: Visualization

https://www.oracle.com/id/business-analytics/analytics-
platform/capabilities/visualize/#self-service
Oracle Analytics: Visualization (Video)

https://youtu.be/-G1LOoeTzPM
Oracle BI Server Architecture
(old version)

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E14571_01/bi.1111/e10540/intro.htm#BIEMG101
Layers in the Oracle BI Repository
(old version)
• Physical layer
• Defines the objects and relationships
that the Oracle BI Server needs to write
native queries against each physical data
source.
• Create this layer by importing tables,
cubes, and flat files from data sources
• Business Model and Mapping layer
• Defines the business or logical model of
the data and specifies the mapping
between the business model and the
physical schemas
• Presentation layer
• Present customized, secure, role-based
views of a business model to users
• Create multiple subject areas in the
Presentation layer that map to a single
business model

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E14571_01/bi.1111/e10540/intro.htm#BIEMG101
 Minggu ke-5 Bagian 5

Database, Data Warehouse & Data Mart

MR-4052
Perencanaan Sistem Informasi
Database
Data are usually stored in a database.
A database is a collection of interrelated stored data—an interrelated collection of
many different types of tables.
To implement a database and to manage its contents, we need a database
management system (DBMS).
Data Warehousing
• A Data Warehouse is a repository of integrated information, available
for queries and analysis. Data and information are extracted from
heterogeneous sources as they are generated. This makes it much
easier and more efficient to run queries over data that originally came
from different sources.
• The goal of data warehousing is to support decision making with data.
 Data Warehouse
• “a subject oriented, integrated, non-
volatile, and time variant collection of data
in support of management’s decisions”

• A data warehouse is a repository for

structured, filtered data that has already
been processed for a specific purpose
• Provides an architecture for decision
makers to access data to perform strategic
analysis, which often involves historical and
cross- functional data and the need to
support many applications.
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Data Warehouse
Environment
Data sources
Staging
Data warehouse
Web service
Datamarts
Reporting tools
 Data Warehouse Usage

On-Line Analytic Processing (OLAP) is a

decision support tools used for multi
dimensional data view
Data mining is the searching out of hidden
knowledge in a company’s data that can give
the company a competitive advantage in its
marketplace
• Forecasting
• Text mining

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Example of Data
Warehouse Usage:
Sales Transaction Data

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 Minggu ke-5 Bagian 6

Big Data Analytics

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Perencanaan Sistem Informasi
Big Data Analytics
• Digital trace to be analyzed
• Big data is a collection of data sets that are so voluminous and complex that
traditional data processing application software seems inadequate to deal with
them
• Driven by
• Sensor networks
• IoT
• Natural language processing
• Cloud technologies to store and retrieve at low-cost and on-demand
• Learning machines and smart algorithms that adapt and improve decision
making
Big Data Characteristic
• Volume
• Big data requires a large amount of storage space, and organizations must constantly
scaletheir hardware and software in order to accommodate increases
• Velocity
• New data is being created quickly, and organizations need to respond in real time
• Variety
• Data resides in a variety of different formats,including text, images, video,
spreadsheets and databases

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Big Data and Social Media ‘unicorn’
companies
http://irenealdridge.com/ia/2019/04/02/how-google-and-facebook-research-drives-much-of-big-data-in-finance/

• Google pioneered and optimized the use of web-crawling “spiders” to

rank the world-wide web
• starts at a random web page
• scans all the links to other web pages and randomly selects one to follow
• on the next page, repeats its activity
• until reaches a page with no outbound links - “dead-end” web page
• goes back ‘home’ to start the process from the beginning
• records and transmits its activity back to Google databases
• Google creates the ‘transition probabilities’ of the web universe - Markov Chains
• From the sample Markov Chain, extrapolating the transitions for the entire web-
browsing population

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Big Data: What for?
• Gain richer insight into customer behavior and needs
• Extracting sentiment from online posts
• AbleMarkets: a Big Data platform and a supplier of Internet sentiment index for most
U.S.-based stocks
• Detect fraud or anomalies in financial transactions
• Risk management for Alipay Loans (default rate 0.89% in 2014)
• Credit assessment through historical data and information (include psychological test)
• How the loan has been used
• Penalty and how to get the loan back
• Sharpen surveillance of market trends and emerging risks
• Predictive analytics
• Suite LLC: an industrial-grade derivatives pricing and risk management software

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 Integrating Data, Services, & Systems
Magic Quadrant for Analytics and Business Intelligence Platforms
E- Alibaba.com
commerce Aliexpress.com
Taobao.com
Tmall.com
Provide client base for
Alibaba Financial

Alibaba
Group
Alipay – Ant Financial
Provide big data services
for governments, Data Alibaba Group
Services Financial Alibaba Microfinance
corporations, and
Using data for
research institutes
creditability assessment
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 Minggu ke-5 Bagian 7

Case Study:
A French Hospital’s Admission Prediction
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Perencanaan Sistem Informasi
Case Study
The Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-
HP), the largest university hospital in Europe
• Predicting the number of patient visits to emergency departments,
along with their admission rates, is critical for optimizing resources
• They wished to incorporate additional data sources into a predictive
model with their own data, to evaluate whether including external
factors would contribute to a greater accuracy in visit- and admission-
rate projections.
• Big data
• 470,000 patient encounters
• environmental data from public data sources
Case Study
Big Data
• patient encounters
• Emergency visit
• Hospital admission
• the estimated number of visits
• environmental data from public data sources
• Weekly reported flu cases throughout France
• Maximum and minimum daily temperatures recorded at Charles De Gaulle
airport
• Holiday and post-holiday indicator variables
• Seasonality
• Time (weekend)
Case Study
Challenges
• Project team
• A consortium of government agencies, academic institutions, and private
companies, including Intel.
• France has strict data privacy laws, which prevented AP-HP from
providing Intel with its source data directly.
• Anonymization of the dataset by a government bureau
Top big data analytics use cases
• https://www.oracle.com/a/ocom/docs/top-22-use-cases-for-big-
data.pdf
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