GUIDE BOOK FOR SCRUTINY OF

BRIDGE DESIGN

V.K KHARE
SSE/Works/Design/BPL
Design cell,WCR
 WEST CENTRAL RAILWAY

GUIDEBOOK FOR SCRUTINY OF

BRIDGE DESIGN
(for 25-tonne loading)

Published by
V.K Khare
SSE/Works/Design/BPL
Design cell, WCR
 PREFACE
In railways, safety is given highest priority as it deals with the life of lakhs of
travelling passengers. As such it is necessary to be aware of all issues with
improvement in safety related matter in design & drawing by circulating latest
innovation guidelines in this field.
Over the years, the role played by us in the quantitative as well as qualitative
progress of WCR is significant, dynamic and inspiring. Before, I began writing this
book I received a lot of opinion/suggestions from officers, professional & staff who
were associated with design cell about structural design. I realized most of these
opinions are conveyed in this book.
I hope and wish that this book will immensely help on all those, who are in position
for checking of design & drawing. I have tried to focus all-latest key points which
are necessary to scrutiny the design & drawing.
I am grateful to my Dy.CE/-I/BPL, Shri. Anupam Awasthi for going through the entire
material and making certain important suggestions which had helped in the
finalization of this document.
I would like to appreciate the efforts of Mrs. Rajni Thakur & Miss Ayesha Ansari for
compilation of this book. I would like to acknowledge the services of Mr. J.K Nayak
& Mr. M.H Ansari for their dedicated support.
I hope this book will prove to be as popular and will continue to be useful for day-
to-day references for all design engineers. The compilation of this kind of book will
need update from time to time. I would welcome suggestions & feedback from the
professions so that we can improve & update the book in the years to come.
Finally, I hope that publishing this book fulfil our motive towards proper checking
of design & drawing for safety & economy. I tried my level best to compile all the
relevant guidelines & give it a form of book which will be of help to all those who
wants to understand or design railway structure for 25 tonne loading. I hope effort
will be highly valued and cherished & also apologize for any shortcomings or errors
which eventually left out in this book.
Digitally signed by
VINOD KUMAR VINOD KUMAR KHARE
KHARE Date: 2024.08.20
17:08:54 +05'30'

Bhopal SSE/Works/Design/BPL
August,2024 Design cell, WCR
 ANUPAM AWASTHI, IRSE
Deputy Chief Engineer/C-I/Bhopal

FOREWORD
Indian Railways has 4th largest rail network in the work, behind only US, Russia
and China. It has about 1,50,000 bridges across its network. New Bridges are
continuously being added due to rapid expansion of rail network across the
Indian Railways.
Design of these bridges are always been a challenge, since every bridge is unique
in terms of loading, topography, hydrology, geology etc. There are River Bridges,
RUBs, ROBs, Viaducts, FOBs etc. RDSO has immensely helped in standardization
of superstructure of various types of bridges, however sub-structure is always to
be designed based on the ground conditions, loading etc. specific to the bridges.
Sometimes superstructure is also to be designed, if suitable standard RDSO
design is not available.
In most of the cases, designs are being done by the consultant which is submitted
for scrutiny to the design office and after proof checking from reputed institution
and approval from Railways work is taken up at field level. Since, design is
submitted by different consultant and they have developed own excel sheets and
software for design, it is often difficult to check these design that whether these
are complying relevant codes, manuals and standard practices. Hence, need was
always felt to develop some kid of handbook encompassing all the relevant
guidelines of codes and manuals, with the help of which any design engineer can
easy check that whether the design is done properly as per relevant codes and
manuals.
Mr. Vinod Kumar Khare (SSE/W/BPL), is working in WCR Construction Design
Office at Bhopal in the last 19 years. Over these years, he has worked hard and
developed proficiency in design of bridges and software. He has single handedly
managed the design office in shortage of man power and supporting officers
and staff. Before his superannuation in August 2024, he has taken initiative to
develop a handbook containing all the relevant information, which will greatly
help the design engineers for scrutiny and design of bridges. I greatly appreciate
the initiative taken by him and other staff of Design Cell of WCR
Construction at Bhopal, who have worked very hard to create this handbook
apart from their routine work. I hope this handbook will be popular amongst
design engineers of Indian Railways. Also, designers of consultants can greatly
improve correctness of their design by using this handbook. I wish all the
success in the efforts made by Mr. Vinod Kumar Khare and WCR Construction
Design Cell, Bhopal.
Digitally signed by ANUPAM
ANUPAM AWASTHI
Date: 2024.08.20 17:33:05
AWASTHI +05'30'

Bhopal Dy.CE/C-I/BPL
August, 2024
 CONTENTS

Sr.no Contents Page no.

1. Preliminary checking 1 to 8

2. Abutment & pier 9 to 26

3. Wing/Return wall 27 to 32

4. RCC Box (RUB) 33 to 38

5. Road over bridge (ROB) 39 to 46

6. Pile & Pile cap 47 to 57

7. Details of composite girder 59 to 61

8. Details of OWG 63 to 66

9. Details of PSC slab 67 to 69

10. Data required for RSI analysis 71 to 76

11. Steps for RSI analysis in MIDAS 77 to 82

12. Flow chart for RSI analysis 83 to 85

13. Design flow chart of building in 87 to 96

STAAD pro

14. References 97 to 100

PRELIMINARY
CHECKING

1
2
 Descrip on References

A DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR

PRELIMINARY CHECK

1 Approved GAD

1.1 Check rail level, forma on level & ground

level

1.2 Type of superstructure

1.2.1 Clear, effec ve, overall spans should be as

per RDSO drawing. In no case clear span
should be reduced, because it affects the
waterway.

1.3 Shape of component

1.4 Type of founda on

1.4.1 If founda on is changed from open to pile,

then prior approval of competent
authority is required.

Above data should be same in GAD &

design, only dimensions are tenta ve.

2 Hydraulic calcula ons

2.1 Lacey's regime width - Refer cl.4.5.3 of IRS

substructure &
For river with alluvial beds and sustained founda on code
floods the waterway shall normally be
equal to the width given by Lacey’s
formula:
Pw = 1.811*C* 𝑄

Where,
Pw = We ed perimeter in m.
Q = design discharge in cum/sec.

3
 C = a coefficient normally equal to 2.67,
but which may vary from 2.5 to 3.5
according to local condi ons depending
upon bed slope and bed material.

2.2 Silt factor: Refer cl. 4.6.5 of IRS

substructure &
f = 1.76*√𝑚 founda on code

where m is weighted mean diameter of the

bed material par cles in mm.

2.3 Scour depth:

2.3.1 When width of waterway provided > Refer cl. 4.6.3 of IRS
Lacey’s regime width - substructure &
founda on code

Where,
D = normal scour depth in m.
Qf = design discharge in cumec.
f = Lacey’s silt factor.

2.3.2 When width of waterway provided < Refer cl. 4.6.4 of IRS
Lacey’s regime width – substructure &
founda on code

Where,
D = normal scour depth in m.
qf = discharge intensity in cubic metre per
second per metre width.
f = silt factor.

2.4 Max. scour depth: Refer cl. 4.6.6 of IRS

substructure &
2.4.1 for abutment = 1.25 D founda on code
2.4.2 for pier = 2 D

Where, D is normal scour depth

4
2.5 Scour level = HFL - max. scour depth

3 Soil inves ga on report

The founding level should be as per criteria

given below -

3.1 Open Founda on

3.1.1 Founding level should be min. 1.75m Refer para 403 of IRS
below scour level in case of soil Bridge manual

3.1.2 For so rock min. embedment – Refer para 403 of IRS

1.5m from rock level. Bridge manual OR
cl. 705.2.2 of IRC-78
3.1.3 For hard rock min. embedment –
0.3m/0.6m from rock level.

3.2 Pile founda on

3.2.1 Min. spacing between piles in so rock – Refer cl. 6.6.1 of

2.5D IS:2911-2010 (part 1
sec on 2)

3.2.2 Min. spacing between piles in hard rock – Refer cl. 6.6.1 of
2D IS:2911-2010 (part 1
sec on 2)

3.2.3 Min. spacing between piles for fric on Refer cl. 6.6.2 of
piles – 3D IS:2911-2010 (part 1
sec on 2)

3.2.4 Cutoff level - 75mm

3.3 Depth of bore log

3.3.1 Ra founda on (minimum founda on Refer cl. 5.6.3.2 of

width equal to 6 m for the purpose of IS-1892:2021
inves ga on) in soil — In case of ra
founda on the depth of inves ga on shall
be up to 1.0 to 2.0 mes the width of the

5
 ra founda on below the expected
founding level.

3.3.2 Pile founda on in soil— The depth of Refer cl. 5.6.3.2 of

inves ga on shall be sufficiently below the IS-1892:2021
expected founding level of piles but this
should not be less than 5 m or 5 mes the
diameter of piles, whichever is more
beyond the es mated pile termina on
level.

3.3.3 Well founda on in soil — The depth of Refer cl. 5.6.3.2 of

inves ga on in the case of well founda on IS-1892:2021
shall be 1.5 to 2.0 mes the
width/diameter of the well from the
es mated termina on level of the well.

3.3.4 Penetra on into rock — In case rock Refer cl. 5.6.3.2 of

forma on is encountered prior to the IS-1892:2021
termina on depth of boreholes as
s pulated above, the boreholes may be
extended by minimum 5 m in rock strata
depending upon rock characteris cs and
project requirements.

3.4 SBC should be suitably greater than max.

base pressure. If SBC is less than base
pressure than ground improvement
should be done and calcula on for same
should be asked.

4 Design calcula ons & structural drawing

B COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION

Coefficient of fric on (µ) between the Refer appendix V,

base and the soil. It shall be taken as – cl. 2.4.1 of substructure
µ = tan Ø & founda on code

Rock -0.7 Refer cl. 706.3.4 of

So rock – 0.6 IRC:78-2014
Soil – 0.5
6
C STABILITY CHECK IN ABUTMENT/WING &
RETURN WALL

Refer cl. 706.3.4 of

IRC:78-2014

D ARRANGEMENT ON TOP OF ABUTMENT

/PIER CAP

E HEIGHT OF GUIDE BEARING PEDESTAL

(For composite girder only)

a = ht. of elastomeric bearing pedestal

(assume ht.)
b = thickness of elastomeric bearing
c = from RDSO drg. of details of X-frame
and end diaphragm
d=a+b+c
e = ht. of guide bearing pedestal (to be
calculated)
e=d-f
f = thickness of guide bearing

The pedestals should be so propor oned Refer cl. 710.10.1 of

that a clear offset of 150 mm beyond the IRC:78-2014
edges of bearings is available.

7
F RSI REPORT

RSI analysis should be carried out before As per CAO(C) office

design of substructure so that any le er dated 17.04.2024
remedial measures and decision regarding circulated vide e-file
con nua on of LWR over ballasted deck no.1853215
bridge can be taken in advance. Hence
report of RSI analysis by using so ware
should be submi ed along with the design
of substructure.

8
ABUTMENT
&
PIER

9
10
 Descrip on References

A VARIOUS LOADS ACTING ON ABUTMENT

& PIER

1 Dead load

1.1 Superstructure As per RDSO drawing

1.2 Substructure As per design

1.3 Walkway/footpath Refer CBS- 0046 for

composite girder &
CBS-0045 for OWG
1.4 Inspec on pla orm = volume of inspec on
pla orm * density of concrete

1.5 OHE mast (approx. 1t for pole + weight of

pocket)

1.6 Trolley refuge As per design

2 Live load

2.1 Shear force (SF) & Bending moment (BM) Refer Appendix XXIII of
IRS Bridge rule

2.1.1 For Bending Moment, L is equal to the

effec ve span in metres.

2.1.2 For Shear Force, L is the loaded length

(overall length of slab) in metres.

2.1.3 When loaded length lies between the

values given in the table, the EUDL for
Bending Moment and Shear Force can be
interpolated.

2.1.4 For both span loaded condi on - BM is to

be considered.

span = 2 x loaded length

11
2.2 CDA Refer cl. 2.4.1.1 of IRS
Bridge rule

Subject to max. of 1.
Where L is the loaded length of span in
metres for the posi on of the train giving
the maximum stress in the member under
considera on.

2.3 Longitudinal force: Refer Appendix XXIV of

IRS Bridge Rule
Maximum of braking & trac ve force
should be considered.

2.3.1 Where loaded length lies between the

values given in the table, the trac ve effort
or braking force can be assumed as that for
the longer loaded length.

2.3.2 Braking/trac ve force lever arm should be Refer cl. 2.8.2.3 of IRS
from bearing top level. Bridge Rule

2.3.3 For spans having sliding or elastomeric Refer cl. 2.8.2.4.1 of IRS
bearings following percentage of net Bridge Rule
longitudinal force from the loaded spans
a er allowing for dispersion as shall be
considered for the design.

Abutment- 50%, Pier - 40%

2.3.4 For spans having roller or PTFE bearings at Refer cl. 2.8.2.4.2 of IRS
one end, (OWG) 100% longitudinal force is Bridge Rule
to be considered.

2.4 Live load on walkway Refer cl. 2.3.2.2 of IRS

Bridge Rule

Live load x Width of walkway x span x 0.5 Refer CBS-0046 &

(unit KN) CBS-0045
12
2.5 Live load on inspec on pla orm (approx.
2.5 KN/m2)

Live load x Width of inspec on pla orm x

span (unit KN)

3 Superimposed dead load (SIDL)

3.1 For composite girder/PSC slab

3.1.1 Dead load surcharge - 6.5t/m As per RDSO drawing

3.1.2 Live load surcharge - 13.7 t/m Refer Table- 3 of IRS

Substructure &
founda on code
3.2 For OWG
Dead load surcharge - 0.6 t/m As per RDSO drawing

3.3 For PSC U girder

Dead load surcharge - 7.5 t/m As per RDSO drawing

4 Fric onal force

Coefficient of fric on Refer cl.2.7.1 of IRS

Bridge rule

4.1 Fric onal force = coefficient of fric on x Refer cl.11.2.1.4 of IRS

(DL reac on + SIDL reac on) concrete bridge code

5 LWR forces (only for ballasted deck) Refer UIC-774

5.1 F support movable(temp) + F support

movable(bending) + F support movable(braking)

5.2 If F support(braking) is greater than the value

from bridge rule then 5.1 will be applicable
otherwise this should be as under-

F support movable(temp) + F support

movable(bending) + F (braking, as per bridge
rule).
13
6 Derailment Load Refer cl.2.14.1 of IRS
Bridge rule
6.1 Ul mate condi on:

Case 1 -

Case 2-

6.2 Stability condi on

7 Centrifugal force

WV Refer cl.2.5.3(b) of IRS

127 R Bridge Rule

Where,
C= Horizontal effect in kN/m run or (t/m
run) of span.
W= Equivalent Distributed live load in
kN/m run or (t/m run).
V= Maximum speed in km per hour.
R= Radius of the curve in m.
14
7.1 The horizontal load due to centrifugal Refer cl.2.5.3(b) of IRS
force may be assumed to act at a height of Bridge rule
1830mm above rail level.

8 Seismic Forces

8.1 Seismic forces shall be considered in case Refer cl.2.12.5.2 of IRS

of bridges of overall length more than Bridge rule
60m or spans more than 15m – for zone
II to III.

8.1.1 Seismic forces shall be considered for all

spans – for zone IV & V.

8.2 Design horizontal seismic coefficient,

αh = (Z/2) x (I/R) x (Sa/g)

8.2.1 Design ver cal seismic coefficient,

αv = 2ᾳh/3
Where,

Z = Zone Factor Refer table 1A of IRS

seismic code 2020

I = Importance factor Refer Table 2 of IRS

seismic code 2020

R = Response reduc on factor Refer Table 3 of IRS

seismic code 2020
(i) for founda on: 2
(ii) for abutment/pier: 2.5

8.3 Height of moving stock = 4.15m Refer SOD

Avg. height of moving stock above rail =

0.600 + stock ht./2

8.4 Culverts and minor bridges up to 10m Refer cl. 2.3 of IRC
length in all seismic zones need not be SP-114
designed for seismic effects.

15
 9 Wind forces

9.1 Wind pressure shall be taken into account Refer cl.5.11 of IRS
for bridges of span 18m and over. substructure &
founda on code

9.2 Point of applica on of wind load – Rail Refer cl.2.11.3.1, NOTE

level +(height of moving stock/2) +0.6 (1) of IRS Bridge rule

10 Water current forces

10.1 Constant (transverse direc on), Refer table 4 of IRS

K =35 ( for circular pier/ pier with semi- substructure &
circular end) founda on code

10.1.1 Constant (longitudinal direc on),

K =79 ( for square ended pier)

10.2 Transverse Force of water current = KAV2 Refer cl. 5.9.2.1 of IRS
Where, substructure &
V= velocity. founda on code

A = eff. width of pier in transverse

direc on x Depth of submerged pier at
HFL condi on

eff. width of pier in transverse direc on

=𝜋𝐷/2

10.2.1 Depth of submerged pier at HFL condi on

= HFL -Bo om of pier

10.2.2 Force ac ng at RL = HFL - (Depth of Refer Cl 5.9.2.6 of IRS

submerged pier at HFL condi on/3) substructure &
founda on code
10.3 Longitudinal force of water current = 0.2 Refer cl. 5 .9.2.4 of IRS
KAV2 Substructure &
Founda on code
Where,

V= velocity.

16
 A = eff. width of pier in transverse
direc on X Depth of submerged pier at
HFL condi on.

eff. width of pier in transverse direc on =

{(𝜋/4)𝐷 + rectangular por on area}/D

10.3.1 Depth of submerged pier at HFL condi on

= HFL -Bo om of pier

Where,

V is velocity

10.3.2 Force ac ng at RL = HFL - (Depth of

submerged pier at HFL condi on/3)

11 Buoyancy forces

11.1 Total upli due to buoyancy (excluding

foo ng) = Plan area of pier x Depth of pier
submerged x unit weight of water.

11.1.1 Plan area of pier = (𝜋/4)𝐷 + rectangular

por on area

11.1.2 Depth of pier submerged = HFL - GL

11.2 Total upli due to buoyancy (including

foo ng) = Plan area of foo ng x Depth of
pier submerged x unit weight of water

11.2.1 Depth of founda on submerged =

GL -founda on bo om

12 Hydrodynamic forces

12.1 F = Ce αh We Refer cl.5.12.5 of IRS

substructure &
Where, founda on code

Ce = a coefficient
17
 αh = design horizontal seismic coefficient
We = Weight of the water of the
enveloping cylinder.

12.2 Value of Ce depends on H/R ra o where, Refer table 5 of IRS

substructure &
H = depth of submergence founda on code
(i) for pier = HFL- bo om level of pier
(ii) for founda on = HFL - bo om level of
founda on

R = radius of enveloping cylinder.

(i) For calcula ng hydrodynamic force in
longitudinal direc on:
R = dimension of component
perpendicular to longitudinal direc on.

(ii) For calcula ng hydrodynamic force in

transverse direc on:
R = dimension of component
perpendicular to transverse direc on.

12.3 We = 𝜋𝑅 𝐻 𝑥 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

12.4 Point of applica on of hydrodynamic For C4 refer cl. 5.12.5.1

force above pier base = C4H of IRS sub structure &
founda on code
13 Earth pressure

13.1 Ac ve earth pressure

13.1.1 P = ∗ 𝑊 ∗ 𝐾𝑎 ∗ ℎ Refer cl. 5.7 of IRS sub

a
structure & founda on
code
Where ,
Pa = Ac ve earth pressure per unit length
of wall.
W = Unit weight of soil.
h = height of wall.
18
 Ka = coefficient of ac ve earth pressure.

13.1.2 Coefficient of ac ve earth pressure

Where,

Ø = angle of internal fric on of back fill

soil.

i = angle which the earth surface makes

with horizontal behind the earth retaining
structure.

δ = angle of fric on between wall and

earth fill where value of 'd' is not
determined by actual tests, the following
values may be assumed-

(i) δ = 1/3 Ø for concrete structures

(ii) δ = 2/3 Ø for masonry structures

α = angle which the back surface of earth

retaining structure makes with ver cal.

13.1.3 The point of applica on of the ac ve Refer cl. 5.7.1.1 of IRS

earth - at height of h/3 above the sec on. sub structure &
founda on code

13.2 Passive pressure

13.2.1 In tes ng the stability of sec on of Refer cl. 5.7.1.5 of IRS

abutments below the ground level, 1/3rd sub structure &
of the passive pressure of the earth in founda on code
front of the abutment may be allowed for
up-to the level below which the soil is not
likely to be scoured.
19
 Generally, it is not considered in water
bridges. It may be considered in ROBs &
viaduct.

14 Earth pressure due to surcharge Refer cl. 5.8.2 of IRS

sub structure &
founda on code
The horizontal ac ve earth pressure P due
to surcharge, dead and live loads per unit
length on abutment will be worked out for
the following two cases.

14.1 Case 1: When depth of the sec on h is less

than (L-B) i.e., h  (L-B)

Where,
L= Length of the abutment
B= Width of uniform distribu on of
surcharge load at forma on level
h= Depth of the sec on below forma on
level.

Where,
S = Live load surcharge per unit length
V = Dead load surcharge per unit length
20
 P1 =Force due to ac ve earth pressure on
‘abde’
P2 = Force due to ac ve earth pressure on
‘bcd’.

ac ng at h/2 from
sec on under considera on.

ac ng at 2h/3 from
sec on under considera on.

14.2 Case 2: When depth of the sec on h is

more than (L-B) i.e., h >(L-B)

Where,
P1 = Force due to ac ve earth pressure on
‘’abdefg’’
P2 = Force due to ac ve earth pressure on
“bcd”

ac ng at h/2 from sec on under

considera on.

21
 ac ng at [h-(L-B)/3] from sec on under
considera on.

S = Live load surcharge for unit length.

V = Dead load surcharge for unit length.
h = Height of fill.

15 Loads from 1 to 9 are common for both

abutment & pier.

16 Loads from 10 to 12 are only for piers.

17 Loads 13 & 14 are only for abutment.

B ECCENTRICITY

For ballasted deck bridges, even on Refer cl. 2.5.1 of IRS

straight alignment, an eccentricity of Bridge rule
centre line of track from design alignment
up to 100mm shall be considered for the
purpose of designs.

22
 Moment in longitudinal direc on,
ML = ehx * ver cal load

Moment in transverse direc on,

MT = ev * horizontal load

C DESIGN CRITERIA

1 A reinforced wall is a ver cal load bearing Refer cl. 15.7.1.1 of IRS
concrete member whose greater lateral concrete bridge code
dimension is more than four mes its
lesser lateral dimensions, and in which the
reinforcement is taken into account when
considering its strength.

2 Retaining walls, wing walls, abutments, Refer cl. 15.7.1.1 of IRS

piers and other similar elements concrete bridge code
subjected principally to bending
moments, and where the ul mate axial
load is less than 0.1 fck Ac shall be treated
as can lever slabs.

3 The total cross-sec onal area of bars shall Refer cl. 15.9.4.1 of IRS
not be less than 1 % of the cross sec ons concrete bridge code
of the column or 0.15P/fy, whichever is
the lesser, where P is the ul mate axial
load and fy is the characteris c strength of
the reinforcement.

4 A wall cannot be considered as a Refer cl. 15.9.4.1 of IRS

reinforced concrete wall unless the concrete bridge code
percentage of ver cal reinforcement
provided is at least 0.4%.

D PARTIAL LOAD FACTORS Refer cl.11.3 of IRS

Concrete bridge code

23
E LOAD COMBINATIONS Refer cl.11.2 of IRS CBC
& IRS seismic code
Following five combina ons of loads are
considered.

1 Combina on 1 – The permanent loads i.e.

dead load, superimposed loads etc.
together with appropriate live loads.

2 Combina ons 2 – The load to be

considered are the loads in combina on
1, together with those due to wind/
earthquake, and where erec on is being
considered temporary erec on loads.

3 Combina ons 3 –The load to be

considered are the loads in combina on
1, together with those arising from
restraint due to the effect of temperature
range and difference and where erec on
is being considered temporary erec on
loads.

4 Combina ons 4 – The load to be

considered are the permanent loads,
together with the loads due to fric on at
bearings.

5 Combina ons 5- Dead load,

superimposed dead load, together with
derailment loads.

F CLEAR COVER TO REINFORCEMENT

(i) 50mm Refer cl. 15.9.2.2 of IRS

concrete bridge code
(ii) 75mm- founda on

24
 The clear cover shall not exceed 75mm in Refer cl. 15.9.2.4 of IRS
any type of structure. concrete bridge code

G REINFORCEMENT

1 Minimum area of tension reinforcement Refer cl.15.9.4.1 of IRS

in a beam or slab shall be - 0.2% of bd. concrete bridge code

2 Min. secondary reinforcement - 0.12% of Refer cl.15.9.4.2 of IRS

bd. concrete bridge code

Where,
b = breadth of sec on
d = effec ve depth to tension
reinforcement.

3 In founda on and bed blocks where the Refer cl.15.9.4.2 of IRS

depth of the side face exceeds 600 mm, concrete bridge code
longitudinal reinforcement shall be min.-
0.05% of bd on each face.

Spacing should not exceed 300 mm.

Where,
b = breadth of sec on
d = effec ve depth to tension
reinforcement.

4 The min. clear distance between bars shall Refer cl.15.9.8.1 of IRS
be not less than hagg + 5mm, where hagg concrete bridge code
is the maximum size of coarse aggregate.

5 The maximum spacing shall not be greater Refer cl.15.9.8.2.1 of

than 300 mm, but generally spacing of IRS concrete bridge
bars is kept not more than 200mm code

25
6 Shear reinforcement Refer cl. 15.4.3 of IRS
concrete bridge code

Spacing of s rrup should not be more Refer cl.15.9.4.3 of IRS

than 0.75 d or 450mm. concrete bridge code
Where d is effec ve depth.

7 In founda on of abutment main

reinforcement is provided in heel top and
toe bo om.

8 In founda on of pier –

(i) Min. longitudinal reinforcement at top

& bo om: 0.2% bd.
(ii) Min. transverse reinforcement at top &
bo om: 0.12% bd.

H PERMISSIBLE STRESS

(i) Bending tensile strength < 0.75fy Refer cl 10.2.2 of IRS

concrete Bridge Code
(ii) Bending compressive strength < 0.5fck table No.-11

I CRACK WIDTH

permissible value - 0.25 Refer correc on slip

no.1 dated 16.12.3014,
cl. 10.2.1 (a) table 10,
CBC

26
 WING /
RETURN WALL

27
28
 Descrip on References

A LOADS ACTING ON WING/RETURN WALL

1 Dead load of substructure

2 SIDL

2.1 Dead load surcharge - 6.5 t/m As per RDSO drawing

2.2 Live load surcharge - 13.7 t/m Refer Table- 3 of IRS

Substructure &
founda on code
3 Earth pressure

3.1 All earth retaining structures shall be Refer cl.5.7 of IRS

designed for the ac ve pressure due to substructure &
earth fill behind the structure. founda on code

3.2 Coefficient of ac ve earth pressure, Ka Refer cl.5.7.1 of IRS

substructure &
founda on code

3.3 Semi empirical method may be adopted in Refer cl.5.7.2 of IRS

the case of new structure, provided height substructure &
of structure from founda on to top of fill founda on code
is limited to 6 m.

Value of Ka may be taken as per table. Refer table in cl. 5.8.5

of IRS substructure &
founda on code

4 Earth pressure due to surcharge on Refer cl.5.8.3 of IRS

return wall substructure &
founda on code

4.1 The earth pressure due to surcharge on

return walls of BOX type abutments may
be assumed to be dispersed below the
forma on level at a slope of one
horizontal to one ver cal. The pressure

29
 due to live load and dead load surcharge
shall be calculated by the formula:

Live load surcharge (S) = 13.7 T/m Refer table- 3 of IRS

Dead load surcharge (V) = 6.5 T/m Substructure &
founda on code

4.2 This pressure will be assumed to be ac ng

at a distance of h1/2 above the sec on
considered.

4.3 Distance between centre of track to back As per GAD

face of wall.

4.3.1 D= (length b/w CL of track to back face of

wall/2) - (forma on width/2) - width at
sec on considered

4.3.2 h1= (Height of wall + ballast cushion

thickness)-D

4.4 if D < ballast cushion thickness then:

D'=0
otherwise, D'= D

4.5 if h1 > height of wall then:

h1' = height of wall
30
 otherwise h1'= h1

5 EP due to surcharge on wing wall Refer cl. 5.8.4 of IRS

substructure &
founda on code
The wing walls are subject to the sloping
surcharge due to the fill. In such cases, ‘h’
should be measured from the point at the
extreme rear of the wall at the base to
point on the surcharge line ver cally
above the former as shown in Fig. below-

Horizontal earth pressure P2 -

Where ,

P2 = horizontal earth pressure

h3 = 1/3 Cot Ø (tanα) h
α = Angle of earth surcharge with the
horizontal
Ø = Angle of internal fric on of the
backfill soil
W = Weight of backfill per cubic metre.

B COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION Refer cl. 706.3.4 of

IRC:78-2014

31
C STABILITY Refer cl. 706.3.4 of
IRC-78

D DEFLECTION

In case of U-type retaining wall, Refer cl. 23.2(a) of

deflec on should be checked. IS:456-2000
Permissible deflec on = span/250

32
RCC BOX
(RUB)

33
34
 Descrip on References

A LOADS ACTING ON RCC BOX

1 Dead load

1.1 Self-weight of box including wearing coat

on bo om slab

1.2 Earth cushion

1.3 SIDL - 6.5 T/m

2 Live load

2.1 Shear force (SF) & Bending moment (BM) Refer Appendix XXIII
(a) for 300mm cushion
For Bending Moment L is equal to the of IRS Bridge Rule
effec ve span in metres.

For Shear Force, L is the loaded length in

metres.

2.2 Longitudinal force Refer Appendix XXIV of

IRS Bridge Rule
Maximum of trac ve & braking force
should be considered.

2.3 CDA Refer cl. 2.4.2 of IRS

Bridge Rule
2.3.1 If the depth of fill is less than 900mm, the
Coefficient of Dynamic Augment shall be
equal to-

Where, d = depth of fill in ‘m’ as obtained

from Clause 2.4.1.1(a) of bridge rule.

2.3.2 If the depth of fill is 900mm, the

Coefficient of Dynamic Augment shall be
half of that specified in clause 2.4.1.1(a) of
bridge rule subject to a maximum of 0.5.
35
2.3.3 Where depth of fill exceeds 900mm, the
Coefficient of Dynamic Augment shall be
uniformly decreased to zero within the
next 3 metres.

2.4 Vehicle load on bo om slab

3 Earth pressure

3.1 Ac ve Earth Pressure = Ka ɤ h

3.1.1 Coefficient of ac ve earth pressure (Ka) Refer cl. 5.7 of IRS sub
structure &
Founda on code

3.2 Earth Pressure at Rest:

Walls that have no movement (For

example closed box cell structures) should
be designed for “at rest” earth pressure.

3.1.2 Coefficient of earth press. at rest, Refer cl.214.1.3 of

K0 = (1- sin Ø) IRC:6 -2017

Where,

K0 = Coefficient of earth press. at rest.

Ø = Coefficient of internal fric on of soil.

Point of applica on of earth pressure is at

an eleva on of 0.33 of height of wall.

4 EP due to DL & LL surcharge Refer cl. 5.8.2 of IRS

substructure &
founda on coded
{(S+V)/(B+ D)}* Ka
36
 Where,

DL surcharge (V) = 6.5 T/m

LL surcharge (S) = 13.7 T/m

B = Width of uniform distribu on of

surcharge load at forma on level.

Ka = coefficient of ac ve earth pressure.

B DISPERSION WIDTH

(i) Sleeper width + ballast cushion + earth

cushion + effec ve span/2

(ii) Barrel length

(iii) Min. c/c dist. of track i.e., 5.3m (for

doubling) & 7.8m (for 3rd line)

Dispersion width is min. of (i), (ii) & (iii)

C SUBGRADE

Subgrade calcula on k = 40 x SF x qa J.E Bowels

Where,

SF = safety factor, 2.5

qa = SBC (KN/m2)

Number of parts for bo om slab = assume

Spacing Between Springs = effec ve span

/no. of parts assumed

Spring Constant "K" = spacing b/w springs

xk

37
D REINFORCEMENT

Spacing of bars may be kept 200mm as As per RDSO drawing.

provided in RDSO drawings.

38
ROAD OVER
BRIDGE
(R0B)

39
40
 Descrip on References

A VARIOUS LOADS ACTING ON ABUTMENT

/PIER

1 DL of superstructure RDSO drawing

2 DL of substructure As per design

3 Live load Refer cl. 204.1 of

IRC:6-2017

3.1 IRC class 70R loading

3.2 IRC class A loading

3.3 IRC class SV loading Refer cl. 204.5 of

IRC:6-2017

3.4 Combina on of live load Refer cl. 204.3, table 6

of IRC:6-2017
41
4 Footpath Loads Refer cl. 206 of IRC:6-
2017

4.1 For effec ve span of 7.5m or less, Refer cl. 206.3 of

400kg/m2 or 500kg/m2 as the case be IRC:6-2017

4.2 For effec ve span of over 7.5m but not Refer cl. 206.3 of
exceeding 30m, the intensity of load shall IRC:6-2017
be as per-

4.3 For effec ve spans of over 30m, intensity Refer cl. 206.3 of
of load is determined as per- IRC:6-2017

Where,
P’ = 400kg/m2 or 500kg/m2 as the case
may be.
P = live load in kg/m2
L = effec ve span of main girder
W = width of footway in m

5 Wind loads Refer cl. 209 of IRC:6-

2017

6 Longitudinal forces Refer cl. 211 of IRC:6-

2017

The force due to braking effect shall be Refer cl. 211.3 of

assumed to act along a line parallel to IRC:6-2017
roadway and 1.2m above it.

7 Centrifugal force Refer cl. 212 of IRC:6-

𝑊𝑉 2017
C=
127 𝑅

C= Centrifugal force ac ng normally to Refer cl. 212.2 of

traffic at the point of ac on of wheel loads IRC:6-2017
42
 W= Live load in case of wheel loads

V= Design speed in km per hour

R= Radius of the curve in m.

7.1 Centrifugal force shall be considered to Refer cl. 212.3 of

act at a height of 1.2m above level of IRC:6-2017
carriageway.

8 Earth pressure

8.1 Ac ve pressure Refer cl. 214.1.1.1 of

IRC:6-2017

Coefficient of ac ve earth pressure Ka,

based on Coulomb earth pressure theory-

Where,

Ø = Angle of internal fric on of soil

α = Angle which earth face of the wall

makes with ver cal

β = Slope of earth fill

δ = Angle of fric on b/w the earth and

earth fill should be equal to 2/3 Ø subject
to a maximum of 22.5°

It acts at an eleva on of 0.42 of height of Refer cl. 214.1.1.1 of

wall above base and 0.33 of height of wall IRC:6-2017

8.2 Live load surcharge Refer cl. 214.1.1.3 of

IRC:6-2017

43
 Where,

K = coefficient of lateral earth pressure

ϒ = density of soil

heq = equivalent height of soil for vehicular

loading which shall be 1.2m

9 Seismic forces Refer cl. 219 of IRC:6-

2017

9.1 Bridges in seismic zones II and III sa sfying Refer cl. 219.1.1(b) of
both limits of total length not exceeding IRC:6-2017 or Refer
60 m and the individual simply supported cl.2.3(iii) of IRC:
spans not exceeding 15m need not be SP:114-2018
designed for seismic effects.

9.2 The dynamic earth pressures on Refer cl.2.3(iii) of IRC:

abutments during earthquakes shall not SP:114-2018
be considered in Zones II and III.

10 All structures near railway track shall be Refer A & C slip no.48
checked for accidental impact from dated 22.06.2017
derailed trains.

B STABILITY Refer cl. 706.3.4 of

IRC-78
The permissible increase in allowable
base pressure should be 25 percent for all
combina ons except combina on(i).

C REINFORCEMENT

1 Min. ver cal reinforcement is max. of (i) & Refer cl. 16.5.1.1 of
(ii) IRC: 112-2020

(i) Asmin = 0.26 fctm b d

(ii) Asmin = 0.0013 b d

Where,
b = breadth of sec on
44
 d = effec ve depth to tension
reinforcement

2 The distance between two adjacent Refer cl. 16.3.1 of IRC:

ver cal bars shall not exceed 200mm. 112-2020

3 The area of total horizontal reinforcement Refer cl. 16.3.2 of IRC:

should not be less than 25 percent of the 112-2020
area of total ver cal reinforcement or
0.001Ac whichever is greater.

4 Secondary transverse reinforcement Refer cl.16.6.1.1 (3) of

should be provided in one-way slab. This IRC: 112-2020
should be at least 20 percent of the main
reinforcement.

D CRACK WIDTH Refer cl.12.3.2 of IRC:

112-2020
permissible value - 0.3

E PARTIAL SAFETY FACTORS Refer table B1 to B4 of

IRC:6-2017

F LOAD COMBINATIONS Refer Annex B of IRC:6-

2017

1 The equilibrium of the structure shall be

checked against overturning, sliding and
upli . It shall be ensured that the
disturbing loads (overturning, sliding and
upli ing) shall always be less than the
stabilizing or restoring ac ons.

2 The structural strength under ul mate

limit state shall be es mated in order to
avoid internal failure or excessive
deforma on. The equilibrium and the
structural strength shall be checked
under-

2.1 Basic Combina ons:

45
2.1.1 For Checking the Equilibrium.

2.1.2 For Checking the Structural Strength

2.2 Accidental Combina ons

2.3 Seismic Combina ons

46
 PILE &
PILE CAP

47
48
 Descrip on References

1 MIN. SPACING BETWEEEN PILES

1.1 in hard rock - 2D Refer cl. 6.6.1 of

IS:2911-2010 (part 1
1.2 in so rock - 2.5D sec on 2)

1.3 for fric on piles - 3D Refer cl. 6.6.2 of

IS:2911-2010 (part 1
Where D is diameter of pile sec on 2)

2 MAX. SPACING BETWEEEN PILES

4 x pile diameter Refer cl. 2.3.1 of IRS

Well & founda on
code
3 SKETCH OF PILE

Total unsupported length of pile:

(i) If rock level is below fixity level – L1+Lf

(ii) If rock level is above or same as scour level

– L1 & Lf will be 0.

49
 (L1 will be dist. b/w pile cap bo om to rock
level).

(iii) If rock level is b/w scour level & fixity level

– L1 + depth of rock level from scour level

4 CUTOFF LEVEL – 75mm

5 STIFFNESS FACTOR OF PILE

For piles in sand & normally loaded clays- Refer cl.2.3.1 of Annex-
C of IS:2911-2010 (part
1 sec on 2)

Where,
For ηh , refer table 3 of
E = Young’s modulus of pile material, in Annex - C of IS:2911-
MN/m2. 2010 (part 1 sec on 2)
I = moment of iner a of the pile cross-
sec on, in m4 .
ηh = modulus of subgrade reac on, in
MN/m3 .

6 CRITERIA FOR BEHAVIOUR OF PILE BASED Refer table 5 of Annex

ON ITS EMBEDDED LENGTH - C of IS:2911-2010
(part 1 sec on 2)
If L ≤ 2T : Short (rigid) pile

If L ≥ 4T : Long (elas c) pile

Where L is the embedded length of pile.

A er calcula ng L1/T, find depth of fixity Refer fig.4 of Annex - C

(Lf) of IS:2911-2010 (part 1
sec on 2)
7 LENGTH OF SOCKET
Refer Appendix-5,
cl.9.2 of IRC: 78

50
 8 SOCKETING LENGTH

8.1 For hard rock -1D to 2D Refer table 1 of

IS:14593-1998
8.2 For weathered rock – 2D to 3D

8.3 For so rock – 3D to 4D

9 DEFLECTION OF PILE

9.1 Annexure C, cl. 4.2 of

IS:2911 (part 1 sec on
2)

Where,

H = lateral load, in Kn

y = deflec on of pile head, in mm

E = Young’s modulus of pile material, in

kN/m2

I = moment of iner a of the pile cross-

sec on, in m4

zf = depth to point of fixity, in m

e = can lever length above ground/bed to

the point of load.

9.2 Permissible deflec on of pile - 5mm Refer cl. 8.4, 8.4.1 of

IS-2911 (part 4):2013
10 LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF PILE

10.1 AS PER IRS CODE

10.1.1 Load carrying capacity of pile in granular Refer cl.B-1 (Annexure

soil B) of IS:2911(part 1
sec on 2)

51
10.1.2 Load carrying capacity of pile in cohesive Refer cl.B-2 (Annexure
soil B) of IS:2911 (part 1
sec on 2)

10.1.3 Load carrying capacity of pile in Refer cl. B-8 of IS-

weathered/so rock 2911(part 1 sec on 2)

Where,

cu1 = shear strength of rock below the base

of the pile, in kN/m2.

Nc = bearing capacity factor taken as 9.

Fs = factor of safety usually taken as 3.

cu2 = average shear strength of rock in the

socketed length of pile, in kN/m2.

B = minimum width of pile sha (diameter

in case of circular piles), in m.

L = socket length of pile, in m.

Note: For N ≥ 60, the stratum is to be

treated as weathered rock rather than
soil.

10.2 AS PER IRC CODE

Where cores of the rock can be taken and Refer, cl. 9.1 of
unconfined compressive strength directly Appendix -5 of IRC:78-
established using standard method of 2014
tes ng, the approach described below
shall be used.

10.2.1 Qu = Re +Raf Method 1

Qu = (Ksp*qc*df*Ab) + (As*Cus)
52
Qallow = (Re/3) + (Raf/6)

Where,

Qu = Ul mate capacity of pile socketed

into rock in Newton.

Q allow = Allowable capacity of Pile

Re = Ul mate end bearing

Raf = Ul mate side socket shear

Ksp = An empirical co-efficient whose value

ranges from 0.3 to 1.2 as per the table
below for the rocks where core recovery is
reported, and cores tested for uniaxial
compressive strength.

qc = Average unconfined compressive

strength of rock core below base of pile
for the depth twice the diameter/least
lateral dimension of pile in MPa.

Ab = Cross-sec onal area of base of pile.

Df = Depth factor

However, value of d should not be taken

more than 1.2.

As = surface area of socket.

Cus = Ul mate shear strength of rock along

socket length, 0.225 √qc, but restricted to
shear capacity of concrete of the pile, to
be taken as 3.0 MPa for M 35 concrete in
confined condi on, which for other
strength of concrete can be modified by a
factor (fck/35).

53
10.2.2 In situa ons where strata is highly
fragmented, where RQD is nil or
(CR+RQD)/2 is less than 30 percent, or
where strata is not classified as a granular
or clayey soil, or when the crushing
strength is less than 10 MPa, the approach
described in method 2 shall be used. Also,
for weak rock like chalk, mud stone, clay
stone, shale and other intermediate rocks,
method given below is applicable.

Qu = Re + Raf Method 2

Qu = (Cub*Nc*Ab) + (Cus*As)

Qallow= (Re/3) + (Raf/6)

Where,
Cub = Average shear strength below base
of pile, for the depth equal to twice the
diameter/least lateral dimension of pile,
based on average 'N' value of this region.

Cus = Ul mate shear strength along socket

length, to be obtained from table, based
on average 'N' value of socket por on.
This shall be restricted to shear capacity of
concrete of the pile, to be taken as 3.0
MPa for M 35 concrete in confined
condi on, which for other strengths of
concrete can be modified by a factor
√(fck/35) Intermediate values cub and Cus
can be interpolated linearly.

L = Length of socket.

Nc = 9

Q allow = Allowable capacity of pile.

54
10.3 Points to remember-

The allowable end bearing component

a er dividing by factor of safety shall be
restricted to 5 MPa.

For calcula on of socket fric on capacity,

the top rock 300 mm depth of rock shall
be neglected. The fric on capacity shall
be further limited to depth of six mes
diameter of pile.

11 MIN. CLEAR COVER

Minimum clear cover to main Refer cl. 6.11.4 of

reinforcement in pile sha shall be not IS:2911-2010 (part 1
less than 50mm. Generally, 75 mm is sec on 2)
considered in design.

12 REINFORCEMENT IN PILE

12.1 Min. ver cal R/f = 0.4 % of sec onal area Refer cl. 6.11.1 of
IS:2911-2010 (part 1
sec on 2)

12.2 The clear horizontal spacing between the Refer cl. 6.11.4 of
adjacent ver cal bars shall be four mes IS:2911-2010 (part 1
the maximum aggregate size in concrete. sec on 2)
If required, the bars can be bundled to
maintain such spacing. (i.e., 4 x 25mm size
aggregate = 100mm)

12.3 Spacing b/w two ver cal bars =

(𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎. − 2 ∗ 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟)𝜋
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 − 1

12.4 The minimum diameter of the links or Refer cl. 6.11.4 of

spirals shall be 8 mm and the spacing of IS:2911-2010 (part 1
the links or spirals shall be not less than sec on 2)
150 mm.

55
12.5 S ffener rings preferably of 16 mm Refer cl. 6.11.4 of
diameter at every 1.5 m centre-to-centre IS:2911-2010 (part 1
should be provided. sec on 2)

12.6 minimum diameter of ver cal bar shall be Refer cl. 6.11.4 of
12mm. IS:2911-2010 (part 1
sec on 2)
13 LOAD TEST ON PILE

13.1 Ver cal load for "Ini al Load Test" = Refer cl. 3.7,5.1.2 of IS
2.5 x working load 2911 (part 4):2013

13.2 Ver cal load for "Rou ne Load Test" = Refer cl. 7.15.1 of IS
1.5 x working load 2911 (part 4):2013

13.3 Horizontal load = 2 x working load

14 LINER

Permanent steel liner should be provided Refer cl.709.1.4 (ii) of

at least up to maximum scour level. In IRC:78-2014
case of marine clay or so soil or soil
having aggressive material, permanent
steel liner of sufficient strength shall be
used for the full depth of such strata. The
minimum thickness of liner should be 6
mm.

For bridges located in land, steel liners of

minimum thickness of 6 mm shall be
provided.

The top of the pile shall project 50 mm Refer cl.709.5.2 of

into the pile cap and reinforcements of IRC:78-2014
pile shall be fully anchored in pile cap.

15 PILE CAP

15.1 Top of pile cap should be min. 500mm

below ground level.

56
15.2 Min. thickness of pile cap = 1.5x pile dia. Refer cl.709.5.4 of
IRC:78-2014

15.3 The embedment of pile into cap should be Refer 6.12.7 of

75mm IS:2911-2010 (part 1
sec on 2)

15.4 The clear overhang of the pile cap beyond Refer cl. 6.12.5 of
the outermost pile in the group shall be a IS:2911-2010 (part 1
minimum of 150 mm. sec on 2), cl.709.5.1
of IRC:78-2014

16 REINFORCEMENT IN PILE CAP

16.1 In pile cap of abutment:

(i) Min. longitudinal & transverse R/f at

bo om = 0.2% bd.

(ii) Min. longitudinal R/f at top = 0.12% bd.

(iii) Min. transverse R/f at top = 0.2% bd

{if return wall is proposed on heel of
abutment}

16.2 In pile cap of pier:

(i) Min. longitudinal & transverse R/f at

bo om = 0.2% bd.

(ii) Min. longitudinal & transverse R/f at

top = 0.12% bd.

57
58
DETAILS OF
COMPOSITE
GIRDER

59
60
 Description SPAN
12.20 m 18.30 m 24.40 m 30.50 m
RDSO drg. no. 11752/3R1 11753/2R2 11751/2R2 11754/3R2
Clear span (mm) 12200 18300 24400 30500
Effective span (mm) 13000 19300 25280 31800
Overall span (mm) 13300 19650 26050 32450
Overall length of slab (mm) 13375 19775 26160 32560
C/C of pier (mm) = Overall length of slab + 13400 19800 26200 32600
expansion gap
Expansion gap (mm) 25 25 40 40
C/C of bearing in transverse direc. (mm) 400 500 920 800
Length in case of both span loaded condi. 26400 39100 51480 64400
(mm)
Depth from formation level to bottom of 36+950+16+100+250+ 50+1350+16+100+ 36+36+1790+25+100 40+40+2450+28+
girder (mm) 25 = 1377 280+25 = 1821 +280+ 25 = 2292 100+280+25 = 2963
Depth from elastomeric bearing top level to 36+150 = 186 50+152 = 202 36+36+170 = 242 40 +40+150 = 230
bottom of girder (mm)
DL of superstructure (t) 66.7 115.28 164.44 231.36
LL (SF) one span loaded condi.(t) 172.98 229.536 289.204 348.978
LL (BM) both span loaded condi.(t) 265.432 369.385 480.308 600.852
Longitudinal force one span loaded condi.(t) 63 74.97 94.5 99.96
(max. of braking
both span loaded condi.(t) 94.5 126 126 126
/tractive)
Bearing size(mm) Elastomeric 820 x 390 x 176 920 x 450 x 176 960 x 550 x 186 1100 x 700 x 219
Guide bearing 500 x 390 x 244 500 x 450 x 244 500 x 550 x 244 500 x 600 x 244
Permissible deflection (mm) 17.67 31.71 40.67 43.67

61
62
DETAILS OF
OPEN WEB
GIRDER

63
64
 As per RDSO Drg.
Description No. RDSO/T Span
5155
60 kg rail height in mm 172 30.5 m (RDSO/B- 45.7 m 61 m 76.2 m 91.4 m
17161) (RDSO/B-17181/R) (RDSO/B-17182/R) (RDSO/B-17183/R) (RDSO/B-17184)
Thickness of groove rubber PAD (rail pad) in 10
mm
Thickness of M.S. Canted bearing plate in 22
mm
Depth of channel sleeper in mm 175

Depth of packing plate in mm 6

Thickness of elastomeric pad in mm 25
Overall depth of girder 900-65 = 835 975-75=900 1440-75=1365 1440-75=1365 1200-75=1125

Total height from rail level to bottom of 1245 1310 1775 1775 1535
girder in mm

Total height from rail level to bottom of 200 1270 1335 1800 1800 1560
girder in mm when H beam used in place of
sleeper channel

Expansion gap (mm) 100 100 100 100 100

End bracket size (mm) 480 575 450 505 505
Clear span (mm) 30500 45700 61000 76200 91420
Effective span (mm) 31926 47240 63000 78800 94080
Overall span 32460 47850 63700 79600 95280

Overall span (including bracket) = eff. Span 32886 48390 63900 79810 95090
+(2x bracket )
C/C of pier = overall span + expansion gap 32986 48490 64000 79910 95190

Bearing size (mm) Fixed 650 x 1000 x 399 740 x 1100 x 435 850 x 1300 x 435 850 x 1600 x 588 1090 x 1610 x 615

Expansion 450 x 850 x 399 560 x 1100 x 435 600 x 1300 x 435 720 x 1450 x 588 900 x 1450 x 615

Dead load of superstructure (tonne) Steel work 75 151.65 237.4 344.22 490
Gangway - - 10.8 14.5 19.55
Track 19.16 28.35 37.8 47.28 56.45

65
1. For single span, end brackets are to be
provided at both ends.

2. For mul ple span bridge, one span will

have brackets at both ends and remaining
will have brackets at one end only.

66
DETAILS
OF
PSC SLAB

67
68
 Live load Live load Longitudinal load
(one span (both span (max. of
Dist. loaded loaded braking/tractive)
Clear Overall DEPTH b/w Dead
Effective Expansion condi.) condi.) RDSO
Span span length of slab C/C of load
span (m) gap (m) Drg.No.
(m) (m) (m) pier (KN)
(m) one span both span
S.F (T) B.M (T) loaded loaded
condi. condi.

PSC SLAB (Post-tensioned) - 2 units

3.05 3.05 3.39 3.94 0.425 3.96 194 0.02 80.065 103.257 31.5 41.65 B-10277
3.66 3.66 4.003 4.555 0.485 4.575 257 0.02 89.255 109.538 31.5 49.98 B-10278
6.1 6.1 6.698 7.145 0.635 7.165 496 0.02 111.878 161.355 41.65 63 B-10274
9.15 9.15 9.715 10.28 0.89 10.3 938.15 0.02 143.93 215.818 49.98 74.97 B-10272/R

PSC SLAB (Post-tensioned) - 4 units

12.2 12.2 12.79 13.38 1.18 13.4 1601.1 0.02 173.158 295.182 63 94.5 B-10271

PSC-U SLAB (Post-tensioned)

12.2 12.2 12.8625 13.375 0.45 13.4 874.92 0.025 173.158 295.182 63 94.5 B-10281

PSC SLAB (Pre-tensioned) - 2 units

3.05 3.05 3.57 3.94 0.41 3.96 177 0.02 80.065 103.257 31.5 41.65 B-10259/Alt-1
3.66 3.66 4.1825 4.555 0.47 4.575 235 0.02 89.255 109.538 31.5 49.98 B-10260/Alt-1
4.57 4.57 5.1325 5.545 0.55 5.565 327 0.02 B-10261/Alt-1
6.1 6.1 6.698 7.145 0.62 7.165 492 0.02 111.878 161.355 41.65 63 B-10257

PSC SLAB (Pre-tensioned) - 3 units

9.15 9.15 9.715 10.28 0.84 10.3 893.77 0.02 143.93 215.818 49.98 74.97 B-10263/Alt-1

69
70
 DATA
REQUIRED FOR
RSI ANALYSIS

71
72
 Descrip on References

1 Span details Refer structural

drawing
1.1 No. of spans in the Bridge.

1.2 Span Lengths: Clear span, effective Span,

overall length of each of the spans.

1.3 Type of Girder: I-type (single I, Double I,

four I), BOX, U - type etc.

1.4 Eccentricity between rail /slab

1.5 Details of Material: Grade of concrete i.e.,

M-45, M-35, M-30, M-25 etc Grade of
Steel etc.

1.6 Properties of Material: Young's Modulus,

Poisson’s Ratio, Coefficient Of thermal
expansion etc.

2 Loading Details Refer cl. 4.4 of BS-114

RSI analysis shall be done for either

standard loadings like 25T Loading 2008,
MBG, RBG & DFC Loading or actual loads
for which the section/bridge is fit (as per
clause 2.8.2.4.3(a) of Bridge Rules) such as
GC Loading, CC+8+2 etc.
EUDL charts shall be available which give
the bending loads for different spans.

3 Track Details From field unit

3.1 Type of track: Ballasted or non-ballasted

3.2 Rail section: 60kg or 52kg etc.

3.3 Rail Material properties: Young's

Modulus, poison’s ratio, Coeff. of thermal
expansion.
73
3.4 Track details: Height of sleepers, Depth of
ballast cushion etc.

3.5 Fastener Details: Sleeper density, type of

fasteners.

4 Temperature Details - from field unit OR map

of temperature zone

4.1 Maximum rail temperature

4.2 Deck Temperature

5 Bearings Details Refer RDSO drawing

5.1 Type of bearing: Elastomeric, Sliding, POT-

PTFE Bearing etc.

5.2 No. of bearings per span: No. of bearing

provided in each end of girders etc.

5.3 Details of Sliding Bearings or POT-PTFE

bearings:

5.4 Details of Elastomeric Bearings:

Dimensions of bearing (L x B x h where L-
length across the track, B- width along the
track, h- total height of bearing),
Thickness of elementary layers of
neoprene, cover at top/ sides, Shear
modulus of rubber, etc.

6 Sub-structure Details Refer structural

drawing
6.1 Type of Piers and abutments

6.2 Material of construction: Grade of

concrete M-45, M-35, M-30, M-25 etc,
steel grade etc and masonry properties.

6.3 Properties of Material: Young's Modulus,

Poisson’s Ratio, Coeff. of thermal
74
 expansion etc.

6.4 Dimensional details: Heights and length/

width of different cross-sections including
pier cap/ pile cap/ well cap etc.

7 Stiffness (by calculation)

7.1 Bearings (As per appendix D of BS-114)

Where,

G – static shear modulus = 0.1kg/mm2

a – length of bearing (mm).

b – width of bearing (mm).

c – cover (mm).

hi – individual layer thickness (mm).

n – no. of layer of elastomers.

7.2 Substructure -Pier/abutment

7.3 Foundation

7.4 Stiffness of different parts should be Refer cl. 3.2.5 of BS-

combined to get total stiffness Ktotal as 114
follows:

75
8 DXF/Auto Cad file of section of
superstructure

76
STEPS FOR RSI
ANALYSIS IN
MIDAS

77
78
 (1) STEPS FOR MAKING ‘sec’ FILE

File  New project  Tools  Sec onal property calculator  Set units (this
should be same as dxf file)  OK.
File  Import AutoCAD dxf file  dxf file name (… three part shows loca on of
file)  OK  Yes (it shows the dxf file model on screen).
Model  Material  Add  ID-1  (Name: girder),(fill modulus of elas city
,poison ra o, density)  Apply  ID-2  (Name: slab),(fill modulus of elas city
,poison ra o, density)  OK  Close.
Model  Sec on  Composite sec on  Generate  (name: composite,
part: 2)  Apply  Close  Model  Sec on  Composite sec on  Add
part; (part name: girder, part material: girder, part colour: choose any)  Select
girder part only  Apply  Change part ID; (part name: slab, part material: slab,
part colour: choose any)  Select slab part only  Apply.
Property  Calculate composite property  Mesh size 25 (select complete model
on screen)  Apply.
Model  Sec on  Composite sec on  Export  … three parts (select
loca on of file to be saved)  Give name (.sec format)  Close window.
(2) STEPS FOR MAKING ‘BASE’ FILE

New file  Tools  Set units  Proper es  Material proper es  Material

Add  Define material data  material ID: 1 (name: rail, type of design: steel,
steel standard: IS(S), DB: Fe570)  Apply  material ID: 2 (name: deck, type of
design: concrete, concrete standard: IS(RC), DB: select grade of concrete used) 
OK  Proper es  Sec on  Add  Composite  Composite general 
Import sec file (from previous loca on)  Open  Set offset: centre-top (Yet
model will not appear on screen, here file should be save in D drive)  Save as file
 Close window.
(3) STEPS FOR MAKING ‘WIZARD’ FILE

Open the base file  Structure  Rail track analysis model  Rail track analysis
model  Layout tab  (bridge material: select from …, embankment length:
300m,deck informa on: span of bridge , span type: type-3,rail material: select from
…, no. of tracks:1 or 2)  Sec on tab (select guide, bridge sec on : select from
…,eccentricity: 670 mm)  Add rail DB sec on (UIC-60)  Rail sec on:UIC-60

79
(for mul ple spans: copy the current data to other deck)  Apply all decks  OK
 Tick define track lane posi on.
Boundary tab  Ballasted bed (Ud, longitudinal limited disp.- 0.002 m) 
Unloaded condi on  (Fmax for stress check: 25 KN/m, Fmax for disp. check: 25
KN/m)  Loaded condi on (Fmax for yield force: 50 KN/m)  Boundary (select
spring type)  Elas c link data (enter s ffness.)
Load tab  Temperature load  (Deck temperature: 35 C, Rail temperature:0 C)
 Running direc on (keep le or right)  enter loads  Moving load data 
no. of track loading loca ons = (total length of bridge/loca on increment for each
analysis) + 1  loca on increment = span/10 m.
Wizard op on tab  element length: 1m  ck simplified separate analysis 
Displacement check model op on ( ck first three box)  Save as  OK.
(4) STEPS FOR REPORT GENERATION

Structure  Rail track analysis model  Rail track analysis Report 

Compressive stress (60 N/mm2)  Tensile stress (75 N/mm2)  Rela ve
displacement between deck and slab: 4 mm  Absolute displacement of the deck:
5 mm  Permissible displacement between top of deck end and embankment or
between top of two consecu ve deck ends: 8 mm  OK.

80
POINTS TO REMEMBER
1. For Indian Railways, the addi onal stresses for curved track have not been
specified in IRS Bridge Rules. So, if any new bridge is being planned with
curvature, the allowable addi onal stresses shall be specified by track design
engineers/RDSO. {Refer cl. C.3.3.1 of BS-114}
2. On tangent tracks, the addi onal stresses in rail as per RSI computa ons shall
not exceed values as given below: {Refer cl. 2.8.2.4.3 (b) of Bridge Rule}

3. Ver cal loads {Refer cl. 4.2 of BS-114}

4. The modulus of elas city of steel = 200kN/mm2 {Refer cl.4.5.3 of Concrete

Bridge Code}
5. Modulus of elas city for concrete {Refer cl.5.2.2.1 of Concrete Bridge Code}
6. When absolute horizontal displacement of deck due to braking or trac on
force exceeds the maximum permissible limit then following remedial
measure should be adopted-

(a) Provide pin bearing in addition to elastomeric bearings at one support of

each span.
81
(b) Provide Fixed-Free type bearing arrangement such as POT PTFE or
Spherical Bearings for each span.
(c) To increase the stiffness by increasing the area of bearing.

If any of the above three sugges ons are adopted, the RSI analysis shall be
done afresh for the modified bearing arrangements. The bridge design shall
be checked for the horizontal reac on forces obtained from RSI analysis for
the modified bearing arrangements.

82
FLOW CHART
FOR
RSI ANALYSIS

83
84
 RSI ANALYSIS

INPUT FROM GAD

MODEL TYPE IN RSI WIZARD

SPRING TYPE BEARING TYPE

FIND STIFFNESS NONEED TO MODEL

MODEL SUBSTRUCTURE SEPERATELY
SUBSTRULTURE SEPERATELY
POT PTFE
BEARING
CALCULATE STIFFNESS OF CALCULATE STIFFNESS OF
BEARING AS PER BS 114 BEARING AS PER BS 114
ELASTOMERIC
BEARING
CALCULATE
CALCULATE EFFECTIVE SUPERSTRUCTURE
Sta c (Unloaded Dynamic (Loaded
STIFFNESS: 1/Ke=1/Kb+1/Ks Condi on) Condi on) STIFFNESS MIDAS SPC

BASE FILE – MATERIAL DEFINE

CALCULATE SUPERSTRUCTURE SECTION DEFINE
STIFFNESSS MIDAS SPC

FILL RSI WIZARD

BASE FILE – MATERIAL DEFINE MODEL GENERATED
SECTION DEFINE

MODIFY MODEL AS PER AS PER

MODEL GENERATED STATIC & DYNAMIC STIFFNESS
FILL RSI WIZARD

RUN
MODIFY MODEL AS PER AS PER STATIC &
DYNAMIC STIFFNESS
REPORT

RUN

REPORT

85
86
DESIGN FLOW
CHART OF
BUILDING IN
STAAD PRO

87
SN STAAD LINE COMMANDS PATH REMARK

1 STAAD SPACE START MENU > STAAD

2 START JOB PROV8I > NEW PROJECT
INFORMATION > SPACE > UNITS ( M, KN
3 ENGINEER DATE ) > NEXT > ADD BEAM
4 END JOB > FINISH
INFORMATION
5 INPUT WIDTH 79
6 FINISH
7 JOINT GEOMETRY > CLOSE
COORDINATES SNAP/NODE BEAM >
INSERT STRUCTURE
NODES
8 MEMBER GEOMETRY > INSERT
INCIDENCES STRUCTURE BEAMS ( ie
FROM NODE A TO NODE B
)
9 DEFINE MATERIAL MATERIAL > SELECT (
START MATERIAL ) > SELECT
10 ISOTROPIC FRAME > ASSIGN TO
CONCRETE SELECTED BEAMS > CLICK
11 E 2.17185e+007 ON ASSIGN > YES >
12 POISSON 0.17 CLOSE
13 DENSITY 23.5616 NOTE:- DENSITY OF
CONCRETE IS 25 KN/M3
AND STEEL IS 7850
KG/M3.
14 ALPHA le-005
15 DAMP 0.05
16 END DEFINE
MATERIAL
17 CONSTANTS
18 MATERIAL
CONCRETE ALL
19 MEMBER GENERAL > PROPERTY > NOTE:- BY THE BETA
PROPERTY INDIAN DEFINE > DEFINE SHAPE ANGLE , WE CAN ROTATE
& SIZE OF BEAM OR THE THAT MEMBER TO
COLUMN > SELECT REQUIRED ANGLE.
MATERIAL > ADD >
CLOSE > SELECT THE
DEFINED SHAPE > SELECT
88
 MEMBER ( SELECT >
BEAMS PARALLEL TO > Y )
> ASSIGN TO SELECTED
BEAMS > CLICK ON
ASSIGN > YES > CLOSE

20 SUPPORTS GENERAL > SUPPORT >

CREATE > DEFINE THE
TYPE OF SUPPORT > ADD
> SELECT DEFINED
SUPPORT > TOOL > CUT
SECTION > RANGE BY
JOINT > ( X-Z PLANE ) >
ENTER CONCERNED NODE
NO > OK > SELECT
NODE FROM FRAME >
ASSIGN TO SELECTED
NODES > CLICK ON
ASSIGN > YES > CLOSE
21 UNIT MMS
NEWTON
22 MEMBER RELEASE GENERAL > NOTE:- IF BEAM IS NOT
SPECIFICATION > BEAM RESTING ON COLUMN,
> START / END RELEASE IT IS JOINING IN THE
> FORCES/ MOMEMTS ( MIDDLE OF MAIN
Mx, My or Mz etc ) > BEAMS, IN THIS CASE
ADD > SELECT DEFINED END MOMENTS
PROPERTY > SELECT THE RELEASED OF THIS
MEMBER > ASSIGN TO SECONDARY BEAM.
SELECTED BEAMS > CLICK
ON ASSIGN > YES >
CLOSE
23 UNIT METER KN

24 DEFINE 1893 LOAD GENERAL > LOAD &

DEFINITION > SELECT
DEFINITION > NEW >
TYPE IS:1893-2002 >
GENERATE > CHOICE (
ZONE NO. ) > GENERATE
> ADD > CLOSE
89
25 MEMBER WEIGHT GENERAL > LOAD & NOTE:- 1. REMOVE THE
DEFINITION > DOUBLE QUESTION MARK . 2.
CLICK ON DEFINITION > DEAD LOAD ON BEAMS
SLECT SIESMIC WITHOUT NEGATIVE
DEFINITION ( IS:1893- SIGN LIKE AS MEMBER
2002 ) > ADD > MEMBER LOAD . 3. SUPPOSE
WEIGHT ( UNI OR CON ) > 3.32M HIGH AND 0.2 M
ADD > CLOSE > SELECT WIDE WALL IS RESTING
MEMBER WEIGHT > ON BEAM ie 25 KN/M3 X
SELECT BEAM [ ( CTRL + 3.32 M X 0.2 M = 16.6
CLICK ) OR TOOLS > CUT KN/M UDL ON BEAM. 4.
SECTION > RANGE BY VIEW > CLICK ON
JOINT (X-Y) > ENTER STRUCTURE DIAGRAM >
CONCERNED NODE > OK LEVELS > NODE
] > SELECT THE BEAMS > NUMBERS ( N ) / BEAM
ASSIGN TO SELECTED NUMBERS etc.
BEAMS > CLICK ON
ASSIGN > YES > CLOSE

26 FLOOR WEIGHT GENERAL > LOAD & NOTE:- 1. REMOVE THE

DEFINITION > DOUBLE QUESTION MARK . 2.
CLICK ON DEFINITION > FLOOR WEIGHT ( 100%
SELECT SIESMIC OF DL + 50% OF LL) FOR
DEFINITION ( IS:1893- ALL FLOORS & 100% OF
2002 ) > ADD > DOUBLE DEAD LOAD FOR ROOF
CLICK ON FLOOR WEIGHT ONLY WITHOUT
> ENTER PRESSURE AND NEGATIVE SIGN IS
RANGE IN X, Y & Z APPLIED LIKE AS FLOOR
DIRECTION > [ ADD > LOAD. 3. FLOOR WEIGHT
CLOSE ] OR [ TAB + ENTER = ( DEAD LOAD OF SLAB
] > CLOSE + FINISHING ) ,
ASSUMING SLAB
THICKNESS = 150 MM,
FLOOR FINISH = 100
MMTHEN FLOOR LOAD =
( 0.150M + 0.1M ) X 25
KN/M3 = 6.25 KN/M2 4.
LIVE LOAD ON PUBLIC
BUILDING = 4 KN/M2. 5.
HENCE FLOOR WEIGHT =
( 6.25 + (1/2)X 4 ) = 8.25
KN/M2

90
27 LOAD 1 LOADTYPE GENERAL > LOAD &
siesmic TITLE LOAD DEFINITION > SELECT
CASE 1 X DIRECION LOAD CASE DETAILS >
28 1893 LOAD X 1 ADD > SELECT PRIMARY
> LOADING TYPE >
SIESMIC > ADD >
CLOSE > SELECT LOAD
CASE 1 > ADD > SIESMIC
LOADS > DIRECTION X >
[ ADD > CLOSE ] OR [
TAB + ENTER ]
29 LOAD 2 LOADTYPE GENERAL > LOAD &
siesmic TITLE LOAD DEFINITION > SELECT
CASE 2 Z DIRECION LOAD CASE DETAILS >
ADD > PRIMARY >
30 1893 LOAD Z 1
LOADING TYPE >
SIESMIC > ADD >
CLOSE > SELECT LOAD
CASE 2 > ADD > SIESMIC
LOADS > DIRECTION Z >
[ ADD > CLOSE ] OR [
TAB + ENTER ]
31 LOAD 3 LOADTYPE GENERAL > LOAD &
dead TITLE LOAD DEFINITION > SELECT
CASE 3 LOAD CASE DETAILS >
ADD > SELECT PRIMARY
> LOADING TYPE ( ie
DEAD LOAD ) > ADD >
CLOSE
32 SELFWEIGHT Y -1 GENERAL > LOAD & NOTE:- BY
DEFINITION > SELECT COMMANDING SELF
LOAD CASE DETAILS > WEIGHT, IT IS
SELECT CASE OF DEAD AUTOMATICALLY
LOAD > ADD > CONSIDERED.
AUTOMATICALLY OPENED
THE SELFWEIGHT >
SELECT SELF LOAD > ADD
> CLOSE > ( SELECT THE
WHOLE STRUCTURE &
SELECT SELFWEIGHT
SIMULTANEOUSLY ) >
ASSIGN TO SELECTED
91
 BEAMS > CLICK ON
ASSIGN > YES > CLOSE

33 MEMBER LOAD DOUBLE CLICK ON LOAD NOTE:- 1. UNIT LOAD OF

CASE DETAILS > SELECT WALL ON EACH BEAM IS
CASE OF DEAD LOAD > CALCULATED AS 25
ADD > MEMBER LOAD > KN/M3 (DENSITY) X 3.32
ENTER THE LOAD VALUE M (HEIGHT )X 0.2 M (
WITH NEGATIVE SIGN > WIDTH) = 16.6 KN/M IS
ADD > CLOSE > VIEW > CALCULATED. 2. THIS
CLICK ON STRUCTURE LOAD IS APPLIED WITH
DIAGRAM > LEVELS > NEGATIVE SIGN.
NODE NUMBERS( N ) /
BEAM NUMBERS etc >
OK > TOOL > CUT
SECTION > CLICK ON X-Z
PLANE > ENTER
CONCERNED NODE NOS.
> OK > ( SELECT BEAM
& SELECT MEMBER LOAD
BOTH SIMULTANEOUSLY )
> ASSIGN TO SELECTED
BEAMS > CLICK ON
ASSIGN > YES > CLOSE
34 FLOOR LOAD GENERAL > LOAD & NOTE:- 1. FLOOR LOAD =
DEFINITION > DOUBLE ( DEAD LOAD OF SLAB +
CLICK ON LOAD CASE FINISHING ). 2.
DETAILS > SELECT CASE ASSUMING SLAB
OF DEAD LOAD > ADD > THICKNESS = 150 MM &
FLOOR LOAD > ENTER FLOOR FINISH = 100
THE LOAD VALUE ( KN/M2 MM. 3. SLAB LOAD = (
WITH NEGATIVE SIGN ) > 0.150 M + 0.1 M ) X 25
ENTER THE RANGES > [ KN/M3 = 6.25 KN/M2. 4.
ENTER > CLOSE FLOOR ] THIS PRESSURE
OR [ ADD > CLOSE ] > INTENSITY IS APPLIED
CLOSE LOAD & AT DIFFERENT FLOOR
DEFINITION RANGES WITH NEGATIVE
SIGN. 5. LOAD OF WATER
TANK, DECIDE THE
POSITION OF WATER
TANK ON ROOF,
SUPPOSE ON WC &
92
 KITCHEN ( SIZE 1.2M X
1.5M & 2.1M X 2.1M) 6.
SUPPOSE KEEPING 1000
LITRE FIBRE TANK . 7.
WEIGHT OF WATER =
1000 LITRE = 1000 KG =
1100 KG INCLUDING
SELF WEIGHT OF FIBRE
TANK. 8. PRESSURE ON
WC = (1100X10/1000)
KN / ( 1.2M X 1.5 M ) =
6.11 KN/M2. 9.
PRESSURE ON KITCHEN =
( 1100X10/1000)KN / (
2.1M X 2.1M) = 2.49 KN
/M2.
35 LOAD 4 LOADTYPE GENERAL > LOAD & AS PER IS: 875
live TITLE LOAD DEFINITION > SELECT
CASE 4 LOAD CASE DETAILS >
ADD > SELECT PRIMARY
> ENTER TYPE OF
LOADING > ( ie LIVE LOAD
) > ADD > CLOSE
36 MEMBER LOAD GENERAL > LOAD &
DEFINITION > DOUBLE
CLICK ON LOAD CASE
DETAILS > SELECT CASE
OF LIVE LOAD > ADD >
MEMBER LOAD > ENTER
THE LOAD VALUE WITH
NEGATIVE SIGN > ENTER
> CLOSE > VIEW >
STRUCTURE DIAGRAM >
LEVELS > CLICK ON NODE
NUMBERS > OK > TOOL
> CUT SECTION > CLICK
ON X-Z PLANE > ENTER
CONCERNED NODE NOS.
> OK > ( SELECT BEAM
& SELECT MEMBER LOAD
BOTH SIMULTANEOUSLY )
93
 > ASSIGN TO SELECTED
BEAMS > CLICK ON
ASSIGN > YES > CLOSE
37 FLOOR LOAD GENERAL > LOAD &
DEFINITION > DOUBLE
CLICK ON LOAD CASE
DETAILS > SELECT CASE
OF LIVE LOAD > ADD >
FLOOR LOAD > ENTER
THE LOAD VALUE (
KN/M2) WITH NEGATIVE
SIGN > ENTER THE
RANGES > [ ENTER >
CLOSE FLOOR ] OR [ ADD
> CLOSE ] > CLOSE LOAD
& DEFINITION
38 LOAD GENERAL > LOAD & ( DL + LL ) REACTION
COMBINATIONS DEFINITION > SELECT FOR DESIGN OF
LOAD CASE DETAILS > FOUNDATION ONLY .
39 ADD > DEFINE 1.5 ( DL + LL )
40 COMBINATION > SELECT 1.2 ( DL + LL + EQX )
41 LOAD CASES & FACTOR 1.2 ( DL + LL - EQX )
42 OF SAFETY > ADD > 1.2 ( DL + LL + EQZ )
43 CLOSE > CLOSE LOAD & 1.2 ( DL + LL - EQZ )
44 DEFINITION 1.5 ( DL + EQX )
45 1.5 ( DL - EQX )
46 1.5 ( DL + EQZ )
47 1.5 ( DL - EQZ )
48 ( 0.9 DL + 1.5 EQX )
49 ( 0.9DL - 1.5 EQX )
50 ( 0.9 DL + 1.5 EQZ )
51 ( 0.9 DL - 1.5 EQZ )
52 PERFORM ANALYSIS / PRINT >
ANALYSIS POST PRINT > DEFINE
COMMAND > DEFINE
ONE BY ONE ( MAX.
FORCE , SUPPORT
REACTION, MEMBER
53 PRINT SUPPORT FORCES, ANALYSIS RESULT
REACTION etc ) > ADD > CLOSE >

94
54 PRINT MAXFORCE SELECT THE COMMAND &
ENVELOPE MEMBERS FROM FRAME
SIMULTANEOUSLY >
ASSIGN TO SELECTED
BEAM OR USE CURSOR TO
ASSIGN > CLICK ON
ASSIGN > CLOSE
55 FC 25 DESIGN > CONCRETE /
STEEL > CURRENT CODE
IS:456 / IS: 800 > SELECT
56 FYMAIN 415 PARAMETERS > OK >
CLOSE > DEFINE
PARAMETER > SELECT
57 FYSEC 415 THE ALREADY DEFINED
PARAMTERS > ENTER
THEIR VALUES > ADD >
CLOSE > SELECT THE
VALUES AND STRUCTURE
SIMULTANEOUSLY >
ASSIGN TO SELECTED
BEAMS > CLICK ON
ASSIGN > YES > CLOSE
58 DESIGN BEAM DESIGN > COMMANDS >
SELECT ( BEAM / COLUMN
/ SLAB OR ELEMENT ) >
ADD > CLOSE > SELECT (
59 DESIGN COLUMN
COLUMN / BEAM
/ELEMENT FROM FRAME )
WITH COLUMN
DESIGN/BEAM DESIGN
SIMULTANEOUSLY >
ASSIGN TO SELECTED
BEAMS > CLICK ON
ASSIGN > YES > CLOSE
60 DESIGN OF SLAB / GEOMETRY > ADD PLATE
ELEMENT > CLOSE > GENERAL >
PROPERTY > THICKNESS
> PLATE ELEMENT
THICKNESS > ADD >
CLOSE > SELECT PLATE
THICKNESS > ASSIGN TO
SELECTED PLATE > CLOSE
95
 > DESIGN > COMMANDS
> DESIGN SLAB /
ELEMENT > ADD >
CLOSE > SELECT DESIGN
ELEMENT > CURSOR TO
ASSIGN > CLICK ON
ASSIGN > CLOSE.
61 CONCRETE TAKE
62 END CONCRETE
DESIGN

NOTE:- VIEW > CLICK ON STRUCTURE DIAGRAM > LEVELS > NODE
NUMBERS ( N ) / BEAM NUMBERS ETC

96
REFERENCES

97
98
IS 456: 2000 Plain & Reinforced Concrete – Code of
Prac ce

IS 875 (Part 1) Design Loads (Other Than Earthquake) For

Buildings and Structures – DEAD LOAD

IS 875 (Part 2) Design Loads (Other Than Earthquake) For

Buildings and Structures – IMPOSED LOADS

IS 875 (Part 3) Design Loads (Other Than Earthquake) For

Buildings and Structures –WIND LOADS

IS 875 (Part 4) Design Loads (Other Than Earthquake) For

Buildings and Structures –SNOW LOADS

IS 875 (Part 5) Design Loads (Other Than Earthquake) For

Buildings and Structures – SPECIAL LOADS &
COMBINATIONS

IS 1892: 2021 Subsurface Investigation for Foundations -

Code of Practice

IS 2911 (part 1/sec 2): Design And Construc on of Pile Founda ons
2010 —Part 1 Concrete Piles, Sec on 2 Bored Cast
In-Situ Concrete Piles

IS 2911 (part 4): 2013 Design And Construc on of Pile Founda ons
— Load Tests on Pile

IS 14593: 1998 Design And Construction of Bored Cast-In-Situ

Piles Founded on Rocks - Guidelines

IRS Seismic Code: 2020 Seismic Code for Earthquake Resistant Design
of Railway Bridges

IRS Concrete Bridge Code Of Prac ce for Plain, Reinforced &

Code: 2014 Prestressed Concrete for General Bridge
Construc on

IRS Bridge Rules: 2014 Rules Specifying the Loads Design of

Superstructure and Substructure Of Bridges

99
 And For Assessment Of The Strength Of
Existing Structure
IRS Bridge Manual

IRS Bridge Substructure Code Of Practice for The Design of Sub -

& Foundation Code: 2013 Structure and Foundations of Bridges

IRS Well & Pile Manual On the Design and Construction of

Foundation: 2004 Well and Pile Foundations

BS - 114 RDSO Guidelines for Carrying Out RSI Studies

On Indian Railways

BS - 111 (Revision -7) Guidelines For Use of High Strength Friction

Grip (HSFG) Bolting Assemblies on Bridges on
Indian Railways

IRC 78: 2014 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice

for Road Bridges, Foundation & Substructure

IRC 6: 2017 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice

for Road Bridges, Loads & Load Combinations

IRC 112: 2020 Code Of Practice for Concrete Road Bridges

IRC 83(part-I): 2015 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice

for Road Bridges, Roller & Rocker Bearings.

IRC 83(part-I): 2018 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice

for Road Bridges, Elastomeric Bearings

IRC 83(part-III): 2018 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice

for Road Bridges, POT, PIN, METALLIC GUIDE
AND PLANE SLIDING Bearings

IRC-83 (part-IV):2018 Standard Specifications and Code Of Practice

For Road Bridges, - Spherical & Cylindrical
Bearing

IRC: SP-114 -2018 Guideline For Seismic Design of Road Bridges

100
 ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Name: - Vinod Kumar Khare

Father’s name: - Lt shri C. B. Khare
Date of birth: - 9 August 1964
Birth place: - Tikamgarh
Date of Joining in Railway: -25 August 1987
Designa on: - Senior Sec on Engineer /Works
Present Office: - Dy. Chief engineer -I (Const.) Nirman
parisar Habibganj Bhopal-462016
Present Address: - HIG 97 D Sector Ayodhya Nagar Bhopal -462041
Mob: - 9425393987
Date of Superannua on: - 31 August 2024
To get the complete book
SCAN HERE