1 of 82 .

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DESIGN CRITERIA

1.0 GENERAL
1.1 DESIGN BASIS
1.2 DESIGN CODE & REFERENCE
1.3 ANALYSIS SOFTWARE

2.0 SETTLING POND DESIGN

2.1 SETTLING POND DESIGN
2.2 SUMMARY FOR SETTLING POND SIZE
2.3 MODELING
2.4 STABILITY CHECK
2.5 SPRING CONSTANT
2.6 LOADING DATA
2.7 LOAD COMBINATION
2.8 MEMBER FORCE
2.9 RESULTS SUMMARY TABLE
2.10 MEMBER DESIGN
2.11 CRACK CHECK

3.0 APPENDIX

3.1 SETTLING POND SIZE ANALYSIS

3.2 STABILITY CHECK OF FOUNDATION
 2 of 82 .
ABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 GENERAL
3 of 82 .
1.1 DESIGN BASIS
This calculation is for design of Settling pond

- Foundation Type : Spread Foundation

- Designing Method : Ultimate Strength Design Method

1.2 DESIGN CODE & REFERENCE

1) American Concrete Institute(ACI318M) : Member Check

1.3 DESIGN DATA

1) Pile
-sm-2
Pile type = P.H.C PILE
Pile size = Φ 600 - t90
Pile vertical allowable capacity = 1400 kN/ea
Pile horizontal allowable capacity = 153 kN/ea (geotechnical report)
Pile up-lift allowable capacity = 793 kN/ea (geotechnical report)

Pile type = STEEL PILE

Pile size = Φ 609.6 - 11t
Pile vertical allowable capacity = 1700 kN/ea
Pile horizontal allowable capacity = 158 kN/ea (geotechnical report)
Pile up-lift allowable capacity = 715 kN/ea (geotechnical report)

-sm-3
Pile type = P.H.C PILE
Pile size = Φ 600 - t90
Pile vertical allowable capacity = 1400 kN/ea
Pile horizontal allowable capacity = 148 kN/ea (geotechnical report)
Pile up-lift allowable capacity = 793 kN/ea (geotechnical report)

Pile type = STEEL PILE

Pile size = Φ 609.6 - 11t
Pile vertical allowable capacity = 1700 kN/ea
Pile horizontal allowable capacity = 153 kN/ea (geotechnical report)
Pile up-lift allowable capacity = 762 kN/ea (geotechnical report)

2) Concrete (Cylinder strength)

Unit weight(γc) = 24.5 kN/m³
Modulus of elasticity(Ec) = 28561.3 MPa
Strength at 28 days(f'c) = 30.0 MPa

3) Soil
Physical properties as below.
Unit weight of Soil (γt) = 18.0 kN/m³

4) Reinforcing bar
Modulus of elasticity(Es) = 200000 MPa
Maximum yield strength(fy) = 400 MPa

1.3 ANALYSIS SOFTWARE

MIDAS GEN
2 SETTLING POND DESIGN

2.1 GENERAL SKETCH 4 of 82 .

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 5 of 82 .

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 6 of 82 .

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 7 of 82 .

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2.2 SUMMARY FOR SETTLING POND SIZE
8 of 82 .
① Sizing of sedimentation tank by stormwater inflow (Sewer Facility Standards, 2011)

Q1 : Leachate generation by external stormwater + Internal shed generation

Q1 = 116.22 m3 / min + 0.9 m3 / min = 117.12 m3 / min

Q0 : 30 m 3 / min ( 15 m 3 / min × 2)
T : Minimum start-up time for pump operation without motor strain (5 minutes)

T × (Q1 × Q0 - Q12) 5 × ( 117.12 × 30 - 117.12 2

)
V= =
Q0 30
= 1701 ㎥

Here, the existing sedimentation tank size is 15m(W) × 36.8m(L) × 5.5m(H) = 3,036㎥,
and by applying an effective height of 3.5m (H), the required volume V = 15×36.8×3.5= 1932m3 > 1701m3 (Require
Therefore, the final sedimentation tank size will be determined to match the size of the existing settling pond.

② Sizing of sedimentation tank considering sedimentation efficiency

- Settling velocity of coal particles

<Chart> Velocity dispersing coal particles at the bottom (Refer to Boryeong Power Plant Sedimentation Basin Constructi
Diameter(mm) 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.01 0.005

Velocity(cm/min) 1370 970 610 430 300 137 97

The limiting velocity dispersing diameter = 0.075mm, determined using interpolation, is = 0.061m/sec

- Sedimentation efficiency
Percentage of settling particle
Efficiency = X 100
Percentage of incoming partic
11.5
= X 100 = 54.76 %
21
2.3 MODELING
9 of 82 .
2.4 STABILITY CHECK
10 of 82 .

200
EL.+9.000 EL.+9.0

4122
4122

γt =18kN/m3

6400
EL.+4.878 G.W.L.+4.878

2078
2078

γsub =10kN/m 3
Pwh2

EL.+2.800

(a) existing ground condition (b) After construction of settling pond

[Figure] Ground Condition

1) BOUOYANCY CHECK

U= H x A x γw

Where, U : Bouoyancy Load (kN/m2)

H : Ground Water Height (m)
A : Bouoyancy Area for Concrete FDN (m2)

U= 16.4 x 38.2 x 2.078 x 10.0 = 13018.254 kN

Wc 19650.03
∴ FS = = = 1.51 > 1.2 ------------- O.K
U 13018.25
2.5 SPRING CONSTANT
1) Normal condition 11 of 82 .
① Vertical Spring Constant
Kv = 40 x SF x qa (refer to Josep E Bowls theory)
= 40 × 3.0 × 150.0 = 18000.000 kN/㎥
where, SF = 3 (Safety Factor)
qa (Allowable Soil Bearing Capacity) = 150.0 kN/㎡
② Horizontal Spring Constant
- Above G.W.L :
kh = As + Bs + Zn ('Foundation Analysis and Design' by E. Bowle )
= 36172.8 + 13377.6 x Z
- Below G.W.L :
kh = As + Bs + Zn ('Foundation Analysis and Design' by E. Bowle )
= 20096.0 + 7432.0 x Z
where,
- Above G.W.L :
As : constant for either horizontal or vertical members
= C(c·Nc·Sc + 0.5·γ·B·Nγ·Sγ)
= 40 ( 0.5 x 18.0 x 6.4 x 15.7 x 1 )
= 36172.8 kN/㎥
Bs : coefficient for depth variation
= C(γ·Nq·Sq)
= 40 ( 18.0 x 18.58 x 1 )
= 13377.6 kN/㎥
- Below G.W.L :
As : constant for either horizontal or vertical members
= C(c·Nc·Sc + 0.5·γ·B·Nγ·Sγ)
= 40 ( 0.5 x 10.0 x 6.4 x 15.7 x 1 )
= 20096.0 kN/㎥
Bs : coefficient for depth variation
= C(γ·Nq·Sq)
= 40 ( 10.0 x 18.58 x 1 )
= 7432.0 kN/㎥
Z : depth of interest below ground
n : exponent to give ks the best fit
c : cohesion
Nc, Nr, Nq : Bearing-capacity factors for the Terzaghi eq.
= Nc : 32.4 Nr : 15.7 Nq : 18.58 (Φ= 28.0 ˚)
Sc, Sr, Sq : Shape factors for the Meyerhof bearing-capacity eq.
C : 40
Occupied Occupied Subgrade spring
Z(Depth) Remarks
구분 width(left) width(right) constant
m (Node)
m m (kN/㎡/m)
Kh1 0.000 0.000 0.125 4522.0 Above G.W.L
Kh2 0.250 0.125 0.125 9879.0 "
Kh3 0.500 0.125 0.250 16073.0 "
Kh4 1.000 0.250 0.250 24775.0 "
Kh5 1.500 0.250 0.250 28120.0 "
Kh6 2.000 0.250 0.250 31464.0 "
Kh7 2.500 0.250 0.250 34808.0 "
Kh8 3.000 0.250 0.250 38153.0 "
Kh9 3.500 0.250 0.250 41497.0 "
Kh10 4.000 0.250 0.250 44842.0 "
Kh11 4.500 0.250 0.250 26770.0 Below G.W.L
Kh12 5.000 0.250 0.250 28628.0 "
Kh13 5.500 0.250 0.175 25913.0 "
Kh14 5.850 0.175 0.350 33376.0 "
2) Seismic condition
① Vertical Spring Constant
Kv = 40 x SF x qa (refer to Josep E Bowls theory) 12 of 82 .
= 40 × 2.0 × 150.0 = 12000.000 kN/㎥
where, SF = 2 (Safety Factor)
qa (Allowable Soil Bearing Capacity) = 150.0 kN/㎡
② Horizontal Spring Constant
- Above G.W.L :
kh = As + Bs + Zn ('Foundation Analysis and Design' by E. Bowle )
= 36172.8 + 13377.6 x Z
- Below G.W.L :
kh = As + Bs + Zn ('Foundation Analysis and Design' by E. Bowle )
= 20096.0 + 7432.0 x Z
where,
- Above G.W.L :
As : constant for either horizontal or vertical members
= C(c·Nc·Sc + 0.5·γ·B·Nγ·Sγ)
= 40 ( 0.5 x 18.0 x 6.4 x 15.7 x 1 )
= 36172.8 kN/㎥
Bs : coefficient for depth variation
= C(γ·Nq·Sq)
= 40 ( 18.0 x 18.58 x 1 )
= 13377.6 kN/㎥
- Below G.W.L :
As : constant for either horizontal or vertical members
= C(c·Nc·Sc + 0.5·γ·B·Nγ·Sγ)
= 40 ( 0.5 x 10.0 x 6.4 x 15.7 x 1 )
= 20096.0 kN/㎥
Bs : coefficient for depth variation
= C(γ·Nq·Sq)
= 40 ( 10.0 x 18.58 x 1 )
= 7432.0 kN/㎥
Z : depth of interest below ground
n : exponent to give ks the best fit
c : cohesion
Nc, Nr, Nq : Bearing-capacity factors for the Terzaghi eq.
= Nc : 32.4 Nr : 15.7 Nq : 18.58 (Φ= 28.0 ˚)
Sc, Sr, Sq : Shape factors for the Meyerhof bearing-capacity eq.
C : 40
Occupied Occupied Subgrade spring
Z(Depth) Remarks
구분 width(left) width(right) constant
m (Node)
m m (kN/㎡/m)
Kh1 0.000 0.000 0.125 4522.0 Above G.W.L
Kh2 0.250 0.125 0.125 9879.0 "
Kh3 0.500 0.125 0.250 16073.0 "
Kh4 1.000 0.250 0.250 24775.0 "
Kh5 1.500 0.250 0.250 28120.0 "
Kh6 2.000 0.250 0.250 31464.0 "
Kh7 2.500 0.250 0.250 34808.0 "
Kh8 3.000 0.250 0.250 38153.0 "
Kh9 3.500 0.250 0.250 41497.0 "
Kh10 4.000 0.250 0.250 44842.0 "
Kh11 4.500 0.250 0.250 26770.0 Below G.W.L
Kh12 5.000 0.250 0.250 28628.0 "
Kh13 5.500 0.250 0.175 25913.0 "
Kh14 5.850 0.175 0.350 33376.0 "
2.6 LOADING DATA
13 of 82 .
1) DEAD LOAD (D)
① Structure Weight
STRUCTURE WEIGHT WAS INPUTTED PROGRAM SELFWEIGHT.

② EXPERT PUMP WEIGHT

Wp = 29.50 kN/ea x 2ea = 59.00 kN

③ Hand Rail Weight

Wl = 0.40 kN

2) LIVE LOAD (L)

- Floor Load = 5.00 kN/m²
3) WATER PRESSURE (F)
14 of 82 .
- Unit weight per unit volume for water = 10.000 kN/m³

200
EL.+9.0
500 H.W.L.+8.50

4122
3500

Pwh1

6400
Pwv
G.W.L.+4.878
1500

2078
EL.+3.50 Pwh2

① WATER PRESSURE ( Inner )

- Vertical load : apply to base slab

Pwvi = γw x H1 = 10.000 × 5.000 = 50.000 kN/m2
Ww = 36.800 × 15.000 × 10.000 × 5.000 = 27600.0 kN
- Horizontal load : apply to wall(in and out) & weir
Pwhi1 = γw x H1 = 10.000 × 0.000 = 0.000 kN/m2
Pwhi2 = γw x H1 = 10.000 × 5.000 = 50.000 kN/m2

② WATER PRESSURE ( Outer )

- Vertical load : apply to base slab

Pwvo = γw x H1 = 10.000 × 2.078 = 20.780 kN/m2
- Horizontal load : apply to outer wall
Pwho1 = γw x H1 = 10.000 × 0.000 = 0.000 kN/m2
Pwho2 = γw x H1 = 10.000 × 1.728 = 17.280 kN/m2
4) EARTH PRESSURE (H)
15 of 82 .

① Horizontal Earth Pressure

γm = dry unit weight per unit volume for soil = 18.00 kN/m³
γsub = submerged unit weight per unit volume for soil = 10.00 kN/m³
Φ = the angle of internal friction = 28.0 deg
ko = coefficient of earth pressure at rest ( ko = 1-sinΦ ) = 0.531

①-1 : No water condition

Psh1 = 0.531 x 18.000 x 0.000 = 0.000 kN/m2

Psh2 = 0.000 + 0.531 x 18.000 x 4.122 = 39.363 kN/m2

Psh3 = 39.363 + 0.531 x 18.000 x 1.728 = 55.865 kN/m2

 ①-2 : In water condition
16 of 82 .
Psh1 = 0.531 x 18.000 x 0.000 = 0.000 kN/m2

Psh2 = 0.000 + 0.531 x 18.000 x 4.122 = 39.363 kN/m2

Psh3 = 39.363 + 0.531 x 10.000 x 1.728 = 48.531 kN/m2

② Surcharge Load
- Surcharge load for underground structure design will be considered
12.5 kN/m2 for non-traffic area in addition to the earth pressure.

Pq = Ko x LL = 0.531 × 12.500 = 6.632 kN/m2

5) SEISMIC
17 of 82 .
① Seismic active earth pressure
Φ = Soil angle of internal friction (°) = 28.0 deg
i = : Backfilling soil angle of slant (°) = 0.0 deg
β = : Angle of wall about vertical (°) = 0.0 deg
δ = : Angle of wall friction (Φ/2) = 14.0 deg
kh = : Horizontal earthquake factor (g) = 0.176
hv = : Vertical earthquake factor (g) = 0.000
ko = coefficient of earth pressure at rest ( ko = 1-sinΦ ) = 0.531
ka = coefficient of active earth pressure ( ka = (1-sinΦ)/(1+sinΦ) ) = 0.361
kh
θ = tan-1 ( ) = 9.98 deg

cos2(∅ − θ − β)
1 - hv

kK =
ae ae =

sin(∅ + δ) ∙sin(∅ − θ − i)
2
cosθ ∙cos2β ∙cos(δ+ β + θ) ∙ቈ1 + ට ቉
cos(δ+ β + θ) ∙cos(i − β)
= 0.461
ko x kae
koe = = 0.677
ka

Therefore, ∆koe = koe - ko = 0.146

Pe1 = ∆koe x { γsub x (h2 + h3) + γm x h1 }
= 0.146 × { 10.0 ×( 1.728 + 0.350 )
+ 18.0 × 4.122 } = 13.911 kN/㎡
Pe2 = ∆koe x γsub x (h2 + h3)
= 0.146 × 10.0 ×( 1.728 + 0.350 ) = 3.044 kN/㎡
Pe3 = ∆koe x γsub x h3
= 0.146 × 10.0 × 0.350 = 0.513 kN/㎡
② Seismic Lateral Water Pressure
18 of 82 .
7
Peh1 = • kh • γw • √ (h x y) <----- Peh1 : Dynamic water pressure at the point y
8

y = Dynamic water pressure depth point from the sleep (m)

γw = Unit weight per unit volume for water = 10.00 kN/m³
kh = Horizontal earthquake factor (g) = 0.176
h = Water depth(m)

①-1 Outer :

Peh2 = (7/8) • kh • γw • √ {(h2+h3) x y} , y=h2+h3 when

= (7/8) × 0.176 × 10.000
× √{( 1.728 + 0.350 )× 1.728 } = 2.918 kN/㎡

①-2 Inner :

Pehi2 = (7/8) • kh • γw • √ {(h4) x y} , y=h4 when

= (7/8) × 0.176 × 10.000
× √{( 5.000 × 5.000 } = 7.700 kN/㎡
 ③ Inertia force
19 of 82 .
Top Slab
Kh x Hts x γc = 0.176 x 0.500 x 24.50 = 2.156 kN/㎡
Base slab, Outer wall
Kh x Hbs x γc = 0.176 x 0.700 x 24.50 = 3.018 kN/㎡
Inner wall
Kh x Hws x γc = 0.176 x 0.400 x 24.50 = 1.725 kN/㎡
Weir
Kh x Hww x γc = 0.176 x 0.400 x 24.50 = 1.725 kN/㎡

6) TEMPRATURE

Coefficient of Shrinkage :  15 10 5

Coefficient of Linear expansion :
 1.0 10 5
 = -15 °C
T 

2.7 LOAD COMBINATION
20 of 82 .
1) Unfactored Load Combination

Dead Live Earth pressure Seismic Water

Comb Temprature
load load No water Water X-dir Y-dir pressure

ASD1 1.00 1.00

ASD2 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
ASD3 1.00 1.00 1.00
ASD4 1.00 0.75 1.00 0.75 1.00
ASD5 1.00 1.00 0.70 1.00
ASD6 1.00 1.00 0.70 1.00
ASD7 1.00 0.75 1.00 0.525 1.00
ASD8 1.00 0.75 1.00 0.525 1.00
ASD9 0.60 1.00
ASD10 0.60 1.00 0.70
ASD11 0.60 1.00 0.70
ASD12 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
ASD13 1.00 1.00 1.00
ASD14 1.00 0.75 1.00 0.75 1.00
ASD15 1.00 1.00 0.70 1.00
ASD16 1.00 1.00 0.70 1.00
ASD17 1.00 0.75 1.00 0.525 1.00
ASD18 1.00 0.75 1.00 0.525 1.00
ASD19 0.60 1.00
ASD20 0.60 1.00 0.70
ASD21 0.60 1.00 0.70

※ Seismic Load (SL = Structural Inertia force + Seismic Earth pressure + Seismic Water pressure)
2) Factored Load Combination
21 of 82 .

Dead Live Earth pressure Seismic Water

Comb Temprature
load load No water Water X-dir Y-dir pressure

USD1 1.40 1.40

USD2 1.20 1.00
USD3 1.20 1.60 1.60 1.20 1.20
USD4 1.20 1.60 0.80 1.20 1.20
USD5 0.90 1.60 1.00
USD6 1.20 1.60 1.60 1.20 1.20
USD7 1.20 1.60 0.80 1.20 1.20
USD8 0.90 1.60 1.00
USD9 1.20 1.00 1.00
USD10 1.20 1.00 1.00
USD11 0.90 1.60 1.00
USD12 0.90 1.60 1.00
USD13 0.90 1.60 1.00
USD14 0.90 1.60 1.00
USD15 1.20 1.00 1.40
USD16 1.20 1.00 1.40
USD17 0.90 1.60 1.40
USD18 0.90 1.60 1.40
USD19 0.90 1.60 1.40
USD20 0.90 1.60 1.40

※ Seismic Load (SL = Structural Inertia force + Seismic Earth pressure + Seismic Water pressure)
2.8 MEMBER FORCE
22 of 82 .
Local large force was ignored and instead, widely distributed force was considered for the design.

1) Bottom Slab ( 700 mm )

Max./Min. Member force of XX direction

Mu
(kN·m)

Max : 137.9 kN.m

Min : 533.5 kN.m

Vu
(kN)

Max : 162.8 kN.m

Min : 190.7 kN

Ms
(kN·m)

Max : 114.8 kN.m

Min : 413.4 kN.m
 Max./Min. Member force of YY direction
23 of 82 .

Mu
(kN·m)

Max : 177.6 kN.m

Min : 654.2 kN.m

Vu
(kN)

Max : 154.8 kN.m

Min : 165.0 kN

Ms
(kN·m)

Max : 102.7 kN.m

Min : 390.6 kN.m
2) Outer wall ( 700 mm )
24 of 82 .

Max./Min. Member force of XX direction

Mu
(kN·m)

Max : 141.4 kN.m

Min : 356.5 kN.m
=

Vu
(kN)

Max : 345.5 kN.m

Min : 357.8 kN.m

Ms
(kN·m)

Max : 90.6 kN.m

Min : 273.7 kN.m
 Max./Min. Member force of YY direction
25 of 82 .

Mu
(kN·m)

Max : 134.0 kN.m

Min : 663.4 kN.m

Vu
(kN)

Max : 469.8 kN.m

Min : 335.4 kN.m

Ms
(kN·m)

Max : 105.4 kN.m

Min : 419.6 kN.m
3) Inner wall ( 400 mm )
26 of 82 .

Max./Min. Member force of XX direction

Mu
(kN·m)

Max : 73.6 kN.m

Min : 183.5 kN.m

Vu
(kN)

Max : 88.4 kN.m

Min : 144.9 kN.m

Ms
(kN·m)

Max : 42.3 kN.m

Min : 137.8 kN.m
 Max./Min. Member force of YY direction
27 of 82 .

Mu
(kN·m)

Max : 88.5 kN.m

Min : 143.9 kN.m

Vu
(kN)

Max : 121.7 kN.m

Min : 126.4 kN.m

Ms
(kN·m)

Max : 55.8 kN.m

Min : 82.9 kN.m
4) Top slab ( 0 mm )
28 of 82 .

Max./Min. Member force of XX direction

Mu
(kN·m)

Max : 24.3 kN.m

Min : 54.1 kN.m

Vu
(kN)

Max : 38.2 kN.m

Min : 79.9 kN.m

Ms
(kN·m)

Max : 17.4 kN.m

Min : 30.9 kN.m
 Max./Min. Member force of YY direction
29 of 82 .

Mu
(kN·m)

Max : 13.1 kN.m

Min : 19.3 kN.m

Vu
(kN)

Max : 37.8 kN.m

Min : 36.3 kN.m

Ms
(kN·m)

Max : 8.9 kN.m

Min : 13.8 kN.m
2.9 RESULTS SUMMARY TABLE
30 of 82 .
1) SUMMARY OF DESIGN FORCE
Factored Loads Service Loads
SEC. NAME Location Remark
Mu (kN.m) Vu (kN) Mo (kN.m)
Bottom Slab (Mxx) Max 137.90 162.77 114.81
_X-direction Min 533.45 190.70 413.39
Bottom Slab (Myy) Max 177.56 154.82 102.74
_Y-direction Min 654.19 165.02 390.56
Outer Wall (Mxx) Max 141.36 345.45 90.59
_horizontal Min 356.47 357.80 273.69
Outer Wall (Myy) Max 133.98 469.82 105.42
_vertical Min 663.37 335.36 419.59
Inner Wall (Mxx) Max 73.64 88.35 42.34
_vertical Min 183.51 144.91 137.83
Inner Wall (Myy) Max 88.54 121.74 55.80
_horizontal Min 143.88 126.38 82.85
Top Slab (Mxx) Max 24.29 38.23 17.35
_X-direction Min 54.05 79.88 30.86
TOP SLAB (Myy) Max 13.10 37.77 8.91
_Y-direction Min 19.34 36.26 13.81

2) SUMMARY OF DESIGN FOR FLEXURE

Effec.
Cover applied As used As Mu ФMn
SEC. NAME Location depth S.F
d(mm) d'(mm) (mm2) (mm2) (kN.m) (kN.m)
Bottom Slab (Mxx) Max 600 100 909.415 13@125 1013.600 137.90 204.04 1.480
_X-direction Min 600 100 2711.025 29@125 5139.200 533.45 977.97 1.833
Bottom Slab (Myy) Max 600 100 1174.036 16@125 1588.800 177.56 317.38 1.787
_Y-direction Min 600 100 3353.850 25@125 4053.600 654.19 783.12 1.197
Outer Wall (Mxx) Max 600 100 932.446 13@125 1013.600 141.36 204.04 1.443
_horizontal Min 600 100 2100.000 19@125 2292.000 356.47 453.56 1.272
Outer Wall (Myy) Max 600 100 883.336 16@125 1588.800 133.98 317.38 2.369
_vertical Min 600 100 3403.210 29@125 5139.200 663.37 977.97 1.474
Inner Wall (Mxx) Max 300 100 981.504 19@125 2292.000 73.64 219.78 2.984
_vertical Min 300 100 1892.781 19@125 2292.000 183.51 219.78 1.198
Inner Wall (Myy) Max 300 100 1050.000 16@125 1588.800 88.54 155.33 1.754
_horizontal Min 300 100 1466.840 16@125 1588.800 143.88 155.33 1.080
Top Slab (Mxx) Max
_X-direction Min
TOP SLAB (Myy) Max
_Y-direction Min
3) SUMMARY OF DESIGN FOR SHEAR
31 of 82 .
appliedAv usedAv s Vu ФVc ФVs
SEC. NAME Location S.F
(mm ) 2
(mm ) 2
(mm) (KN.m) (kN) (kN)
Bottom Slab (Mxx) Max - - - 162.77 410.79 - 2.524
_X-direction Min - - - 190.70 410.79 - 2.154
Bottom Slab (Myy) Max - - - 154.82 410.79 - 2.653
_Y-direction Min - - - 165.02 410.79 - 2.489
Outer Wall (Mxx) Max - - - 345.45 410.79 - 1.189
_horizontal Min - - - 357.80 410.79 - 1.148
Outer Wall (Myy) Max 81.983 H13 - 4Leg 250 469.82 410.79 364.90 1.651
_vertical Min - - - 335.36 410.79 - 1.225
Inner Wall (Mxx) Max - - - 88.35 205.40 - 2.325
_vertical Min - - - 144.91 205.40 - 1.417
Inner Wall (Myy) Max - - - 121.74 205.40 - 1.687
_horizontal Min - - - 126.38 205.40 - 1.625
Top Slab (Mxx) Max
_X-direction Min
TOP SLAB (Myy) Max
_Y-direction Min

4) SUMMARY OF CRACK FOR BENDING

Tensile stress Rebar space Allowable rebar space
SEC. NAME Location fa s sa Remark
(MPa) (mm) (mm)
Bottom Slab (Mxx) Max 198.787 125 162.403 OK
_X-direction Min 149.100 125 314.419 OK
Bottom Slab (Myy) Max 114.852 125 455.665 OK
_Y-direction Min 176.810 125 226.643 OK
Outer Wall (Mxx) Max 156.852 125 268.316 OK
_horizontal Min 214.529 125 140.833 OK
Outer Wall (Myy) Max 117.848 125 438.234 OK
_vertical Min 151.336 125 306.615 OK
Inner Wall (Mxx) Max 68.145 125 924.499 OK
_vertical Min 221.834 125 128.745 OK
Inner Wall (Myy) Max 127.675 125 386.800 OK
_horizontal Min 189.567 125 185.420 OK
Top Slab (Mxx) Max
_X-direction Min
TOP SLAB (Myy) Max
_Y-direction Min
 32 of 82 .

ht of 3.5m (H), the required volume V = 15×36.8×3.5= 1932m3 > 1701m3 (Required Volume)
n tank size will be determined to match the size of the existing settling pond.

cles at the bottom (Refer to Boryeong Power Plant Sedimentation Basin Construction Basic Design Report)
 33 of 82 .

200
EL.+9.0

4122

6400
G.W.L.+4.878

2078
Pwh2
 34 of 82 .

Remark

OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
 35 of 82 .

Remark

OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK

Remark

OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
 2.10 MEMBER DESIGN
36 of 82 .
1) Bottom Slab

(1) XX-direction Max

a) Geometry and Materials

Mu = 137.900 kN.m, Vu = 162.770 kN, Mo = 114.810 kN.m
fck = 30.0 Mpa , fy = 400 Mpa, Cover = 100 mm
B= 1000 mm , h= 700 mm , d= 600 mm
β1 = 0.836 Φf = 0.85 Φv = 0.75

b) Strain Limits Check

a = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 15.9 mm

εt = 0.09164 > Strain Limits = 0.004 → ∴ O.K.

Where, Net tention Strain εt = 0.003×(H - a/β1 - Dc_min) / (a/β1)

εt ≥ 0.005 (Tension Controlled Section), Φf = 0.850

c) Check Reinforcement Ratios

ρmin = max(0.25√fck / fy, 1.4/fy) = 0.0035 --> As = 2100.0 mm²
ρsh (Shrinkage and Temperature) = 0.002/2 --> As = 700.0 mm² (Max. 1800/2 mm²)
ρlimit = As / ( B × d) = 0.02284 --> As = 13704.0 mm²
ρuse = As / ( B × d) = 0.00169 --> As = 1013.6 mm²
4/3×As(req) = 4/3 x 682.062 --> As = 909.4 mm²

4/3×As(req) ≤ As(use), ρuse ≤ ρmax → ∴ O.K.

d) Nominal Strength Check

a' = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 10.699 mm
Mu / Φ = As×fy / (d - a／2) ------- (1)
a = As×fy / (0.85×fck×B) ------- (2)

fy² Mu
×As²- fy×d×As + = 0
2×0.85×fck×B Φ

ØMn = Øf·fy·As·( D - a/2 ) = 204034639 N.mm

= 204.035 kN > 137.900 kN → ∴ O.K.

req.As = 909.4 ㎟ < Used.As = H13 @ 125.0mm = 1013.6 ㎟

( 4/3 As(req) ) → ∴ O.K.
e) Shear Check
Øv·Vc = Øv·1/6·√fck·B·d / 1000 = 410.792 kN 37 of 82 .
Vu=162.77 < Φv x Vc=410.792 ∴ Not required shear reinforcement.

f) Flexural Crack Check

n = Es / Ec = 8
ρ = As / ( B × d) = 0.00169
k = -np + √ ((np2 + 2np) = 0.1510
j = 1 - k / 3 = 0.9497
x = k·d = 90.593 mm
fc = 2·Mo / ( b·x·(d - x/3)) = 4.448 MPa
fs = Mo / ( As·(D - x/3)) = 198.787 MPa
fst = fs·(H - dc_min - x) / (D - x) = 198.787 MPa

The spacing of reinforcement closest to the tension face.

s = Min [ 375·(210/fst)-2.5Cc , 300·(210/fst) ]= 162.403 mm
Where, Cc = dc_min - Surface of reinforcement Dia / 2 = 93.50 mm

Space of main rebar = 125.00 < 162.403 mm → ∴ O.K.

(2) XX - direction Min
38 of 82 .
a) Geometry and Materials
Mu = 533.450 kN.m, Vu = 190.700 kN, Mo = 413.390 kN.m
fck = 30.0 Mpa , fy = 400 Mpa, Cover = 100 mm
B= 1000 mm , h= 700 mm , d= 600 mm
β1 = 0.836 Φf = 0.85 Φv = 0.75

b) Strain Limits Check

a = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 80.615 mm

εt = 0.01567 > Strain Limits = 0.004 → ∴ O.K.

Where, Net tention Strain εt = 0.003×(H - a/β1 - Dc_min) / (a/β1)

εt ≥ 0.005 (Tension Controlled Section), Φf = 0.850

c) Check Reinforcement Ratios

ρmin = max(0.25√fck / fy, 1.4/fy) = 0.0035 --> As = 2100.0 mm²
ρsh (Shrinkage and Temperature) = 0.002/2 --> As = 700.0 mm² (Max. 1800/2 mm²)
ρlimit = As / ( B × d) = 0.02284 --> As = 13704.0 mm²
ρuse = As / ( B × d) = 0.00857 --> As = 5139.2 mm²
4/3×As(req) = 4/3 x 2711.025 --> As = 3614.7 mm²

4/3×As(req) ≤ As(use), ρuse ≤ ρmax → ∴ O.K.

d) Nominal Strength Check

a' = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 42.526 mm
Mu / Φ = As×fy / (d - a／2) ------- (1)
a = As×fy / (0.85×fck×B) ------- (2)

fy² Mu
×As²- fy×d×As + = 0
2×0.85×fck×B Φ

ØMn = Øf·fy·As·( D - a/2 ) = 977966377 N.mm

= 977.966 kN > 533.450 kN → ∴ O.K.

req.As = 2711 ㎟ < Used.As = H29 @ 125.0mm = 5139.2 ㎟

( As(req) ) → ∴ O.K.
e) Shear Check
Øv·Vc = Øv·1/6·√fck·B·d / 1000 = 410.792 kN 39 of 82 .
Vu=190.7 < Φv x Vc=410.792 ∴ Not required shear reinforcement.

f) Flexural Crack Check

n = Es / Ec = 8
ρ = As / ( B × d) = 0.00857
k = -np + √ ((np2 + 2np) = 0.3025
j = 1 - k / 3 = 0.8992
x = k·d = 181.518 mm
fc = 2·Mo / ( b·x·(d - x/3)) = 8.443 MPa
fs = Mo / ( As·(D - x/3)) = 149.100 MPa
fst = fs·(H - dc_min - x) / (D - x) = 149.100 MPa

The spacing of reinforcement closest to the tension face.

s = Min [ 375·(210/fst)-2.5Cc , 300·(210/fst) ]= 314.419 mm
Where, Cc = dc_min - Surface of reinforcement Dia / 2 = 85.50 mm

Space of main rebar = 125.00 < 314.419 mm → ∴ O.K.

(3) YY - direction Max
40 of 82 .
a) Geometry and Materials
Mu = 177.560 kN.m, Vu = 154.820 kN, Mo = 102.740 kN.m
fck = 30.0 Mpa , fy = 400 Mpa, Cover = 100 mm
B= 1000 mm , h= 700 mm , d= 600 mm
β1 = 0.836 Φf = 0.85 Φv = 0.75

b) Strain Limits Check

a = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 24.922 mm

εt = 0.05738 > Strain Limits = 0.004 → ∴ O.K.

Where, Net tention Strain εt = 0.003×(H - a/β1 - Dc_min) / (a/β1)

εt ≥ 0.005 (Tension Controlled Section), Φf = 0.850

c) Check Reinforcement Ratios

ρmin = max(0.25√fck / fy, 1.4/fy) = 0.0035 --> As = 2100.0 mm²
ρsh (Shrinkage and Temperature) = 0.002/2 --> As = 700.0 mm² (Max. 1800/2 mm²)
ρlimit = As / ( B × d) = 0.02284 --> As = 13704.0 mm²
ρuse = As / ( B × d) = 0.00265 --> As = 1588.8 mm²
4/3×As(req) = 4/3 x 880.527 --> As = 1174.0 mm²

4/3×As(req) ≤ As(use), ρuse ≤ ρmax → ∴ O.K.

d) Nominal Strength Check

a' = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 13.812 mm
Mu / Φ = As×fy / (d - a／2) ------- (1)
a = As×fy / (0.85×fck×B) ------- (2)

fy² Mu
×As²- fy×d×As + = 0
2×0.85×fck×B Φ

ØMn = Øf·fy·As·( D - a/2 ) = 317383867 N.mm

= 317.384 kN > 177.560 kN → ∴ O.K.

req.As = 1174 ㎟ < Used.As = H16 @ 125.0mm = 1588.8 ㎟

( 4/3 As(req) ) → ∴ O.K.
e) Shear Check
Øv·Vc = Øv·1/6·√fck·B·d / 1000 = 410.792 kN 41 of 82 .
Vu=154.82 < Φv x Vc=410.792 ∴ Not required shear reinforcement.

f) Flexural Crack Check

n = Es / Ec = 8
ρ = As / ( B × d) = 0.00265
k = -np + √ ((np2 + 2np) = 0.1848
j = 1 - k / 3 = 0.9384
x = k·d = 110.909 mm
fc = 2·Mo / ( b·x·(d - x/3)) = 3.291 MPa
fs = Mo / ( As·(D - x/3)) = 114.852 MPa
fst = fs·(H - dc_min - x) / (D - x) = 114.852 MPa

The spacing of reinforcement closest to the tension face.

s = Min [ 375·(210/fst)-2.5Cc , 300·(210/fst) ]= 455.665 mm
Where, Cc = dc_min - Surface of reinforcement Dia / 2 = 92.00 mm

Space of main rebar = 125.00 < 455.665 mm → ∴ O.K.

(4) YY - direction Min
42 of 82 .
a) Geometry and Materials
Mu = 654.190 kN.m, Vu = 165.020 kN, Mo = 390.560 kN.m
fck = 30.0 Mpa , fy = 400 Mpa, Cover = 100 mm
B= 1000 mm , h= 700 mm , d= 600 mm
β1 = 0.836 Φf = 0.85 Φv = 0.75

b) Strain Limits Check

a = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 63.586 mm

εt = 0.02067 > Strain Limits = 0.004 → ∴ O.K.

Where, Net tention Strain εt = 0.003×(H - a/β1 - Dc_min) / (a/β1)

εt ≥ 0.005 (Tension Controlled Section), Φf = 0.850

c) Check Reinforcement Ratios

ρmin = max(0.25√fck / fy, 1.4/fy) = 0.0035 --> As = 2100.0 mm²
ρsh (Shrinkage and Temperature) = 0.002/2 --> As = 700.0 mm² (Max. 1800/2 mm²)
ρlimit = As / ( B × d) = 0.02284 --> As = 13704.0 mm²
ρuse = As / ( B × d) = 0.00676 --> As = 4053.6 mm²
4/3×As(req) = 4/3 x 3353.850 --> As = 4471.8 mm²

ρmin ≤ ρuse ≤ ρlimit → ∴ O.K.

d) Nominal Strength Check

a' = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 52.609 mm
Mu / Φ = As×fy / (d - a／2) ------- (1)
a = As×fy / (0.85×fck×B) ------- (2)

fy² Mu
×As²- fy×d×As + = 0
2×0.85×fck×B Φ

ØMn = Øf·fy·As·( D - a/2 ) = 783116524 N.mm

= 783.117 kN > 654.190 kN → ∴ O.K.

req.As = 3353.9 ㎟ < Used.As = H25 @ 125.0mm = 4053.6 ㎟

( As(req) ) → ∴ O.K.
e) Shear Check
Øv·Vc = Øv·1/6·√fck·B·d / 1000 = 410.792 kN 43 of 82 .
Vu=165.02 < Φv x Vc=410.792 ∴ Not required shear reinforcement.

f) Flexural Crack Check

n = Es / Ec = 8
ρ = As / ( B × d) = 0.00676
k = -np + √ ((np2 + 2np) = 0.2754
j = 1 - k / 3 = 0.9082
x = k·d = 165.211 mm
fc = 2·Mo / ( b·x·(d - x/3)) = 8.676 MPa
fs = Mo / ( As·(D - x/3)) = 176.810 MPa
fst = fs·(H - dc_min - x) / (D - x) = 176.810 MPa

The spacing of reinforcement closest to the tension face.

s = Min [ 375·(210/fst)-2.5Cc , 300·(210/fst) ]= 226.643 mm
Where, Cc = dc_min - Surface of reinforcement Dia / 2 = 87.50 mm

Space of main rebar = 125.00 < 226.643 mm → ∴ O.K.

2) Outer wall
44 of 82 .
(1) XX-direction Max

a) Geometry and Materials

Mu = 141.360 kN.m, Vu = 345.450 kN, Mo = 90.590 kN.m
fck = 30.0 Mpa , fy = 400 Mpa, Cover = 100 mm
B= 1000 mm , h= 700 mm , d= 600 mm
β1 = 0.836 Φf = 0.85 Φv = 0.75

b) Strain Limits Check

a = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 15.9 mm

εt = 0.09164 > Strain Limits = 0.004 → ∴ O.K.

Where, Net tention Strain εt = 0.003×(H - a/β1 - Dc_min) / (a/β1)

εt ≥ 0.005 (Tension Controlled Section), Φf = 0.850

c) Check Reinforcement Ratios

ρmin = max(0.25√fck / fy, 1.4/fy) = 0.0035 --> As = 2100.0 mm²
ρsh (Shrinkage and Temperature) = 0.002/2 --> As = 700.0 mm² (Max. 1800/2 mm²)
ρlimit = As / ( B × d) = 0.02284 --> As = 13704.0 mm²
ρuse = As / ( B × d) = 0.00169 --> As = 1013.6 mm²
4/3×As(req) = 4/3 x 699.334 --> As = 932.4 mm²

4/3×As(req) ≤ As(use), ρuse ≤ ρmax → ∴ O.K.

d) Nominal Strength Check

a' = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 10.97 mm
Mu / Φ = As×fy / (d - a／2) ------- (1)
a = As×fy / (0.85×fck×B) ------- (2)

fy² Mu
×As²- fy×d×As + = 0
2×0.85×fck×B Φ

ØMn = Øf·fy·As·( D - a/2 ) = 204034639 N.mm

= 204.035 kN > 141.360 kN → ∴ O.K.

req.As = 932.4 ㎟ < Used.As = H13 @ 125.0mm = 1013.6 ㎟

( 4/3 As(req) ) → ∴ O.K.
e) Shear Check
Øv·Vc = Øv·1/6·√fck·B·d / 1000 = 410.792 kN 45 of 82 .
Vu=345.45 < Φv x Vc=410.792 ∴ Not required shear reinforcement.

f) Flexural Crack Check

n = Es / Ec = 8
ρ = As / ( B × d) = 0.00169
k = -np + √ ((np2 + 2np) = 0.1510
j = 1 - k / 3 = 0.9497
x = k·d = 90.593 mm
fc = 2·Mo / ( b·x·(d - x/3)) = 3.51 MPa
fs = Mo / ( As·(D - x/3)) = 156.852 MPa
fst = fs·(H - dc_min - x) / (D - x) = 156.852 MPa

The spacing of reinforcement closest to the tension face.

s = Min [ 375·(210/fst)-2.5Cc , 300·(210/fst) ]= 268.316 mm
Where, Cc = dc_min - Surface of reinforcement Dia / 2 = 93.50 mm

Space of main rebar = 125.00 < 268.316 mm → ∴ O.K.

(2) XX - direction Min
46 of 82 .
a) Geometry and Materials
Mu = 356.470 kN.m, Vu = 357.800 kN, Mo = 273.690 kN.m
fck = 30.0 Mpa , fy = 400 Mpa, Cover = 100 mm
B= 1000 mm , h= 700 mm , d= 600 mm
β1 = 0.836 Φf = 0.85 Φv = 0.75

b) Strain Limits Check

a = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 35.953 mm

εt = 0.03885 > Strain Limits = 0.004 → ∴ O.K.

Where, Net tention Strain εt = 0.003×(H - a/β1 - Dc_min) / (a/β1)

εt ≥ 0.005 (Tension Controlled Section), Φf = 0.850

c) Check Reinforcement Ratios

ρmin = max(0.25√fck / fy, 1.4/fy) = 0.0035 --> As = 2100.0 mm²
ρsh (Shrinkage and Temperature) = 0.002/2 --> As = 700.0 mm² (Max. 1800/2 mm²)
ρlimit = As / ( B × d) = 0.02284 --> As = 13704.0 mm²
ρuse = As / ( B × d) = 0.00382 --> As = 2292.0 mm²
4/3×As(req) = 4/3 x 1789.251 --> As = 2385.7 mm²

ρmin ≤ ρuse ≤ ρlimit → ∴ O.K.

d) Nominal Strength Check

a' = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 28.067 mm
Mu / Φ = As×fy / (d - a／2) ------- (1)
a = As×fy / (0.85×fck×B) ------- (2)

fy² Mu
×As²- fy×d×As + = 0
2×0.85×fck×B Φ

ØMn = Øf·fy·As·( D - a/2 ) = 453559273 N.mm

= 453.559 kN > 356.470 kN → ∴ O.K.

req.As = 2100 ㎟ < Used.As = H19 @ 125.0mm = 2292.0 ㎟

( ρmin×b×d ) → ∴ O.K.
e) Shear Check
Øv·Vc = Øv·1/6·√fck·B·d / 1000 = 410.792 kN 47 of 82 .
Vu=357.8 < Φv x Vc=410.792 ∴ Not required shear reinforcement.

f) Flexural Crack Check

n = Es / Ec = 8
ρ = As / ( B × d) = 0.00382
k = -np + √ ((np2 + 2np) = 0.2169
j = 1 - k / 3 = 0.9277
x = k·d = 130.140 mm
fc = 2·Mo / ( b·x·(d - x/3)) = 7.556 MPa
fs = Mo / ( As·(D - x/3)) = 214.529 MPa
fst = fs·(H - dc_min - x) / (D - x) = 214.529 MPa

The spacing of reinforcement closest to the tension face.

s = Min [ 375·(210/fst)-2.5Cc , 300·(210/fst) ]= 140.833 mm
Where, Cc = dc_min - Surface of reinforcement Dia / 2 = 90.50 mm

Space of main rebar = 125.00 < 140.833 mm → ∴ O.K.

(3) YY - direction Max
48 of 82 .
a) Geometry and Materials
Mu = 133.980 kN.m, Vu = 469.820 kN, Mo = 105.420 kN.m
fck = 30.0 Mpa , fy = 400 Mpa, Cover = 100 mm
B= 1000 mm , h= 700 mm , d= 600 mm
β1 = 0.836 Φf = 0.85 Φv = 0.75

b) Strain Limits Check

a = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 24.922 mm

εt = 0.05738 > Strain Limits = 0.004 → ∴ O.K.

Where, Net tention Strain εt = 0.003×(H - a/β1 - Dc_min) / (a/β1)

εt ≥ 0.005 (Tension Controlled Section), Φf = 0.850

c) Check Reinforcement Ratios

ρmin = max(0.25√fck / fy, 1.4/fy) = 0.0035 --> As = 2100.0 mm²
ρsh (Shrinkage and Temperature) = 0.002/2 --> As = 700.0 mm² (Max. 1800/2 mm²)
ρlimit = As / ( B × d) = 0.02284 --> As = 13704.0 mm²
ρuse = As / ( B × d) = 0.00265 --> As = 1588.8 mm²
4/3×As(req) = 4/3 x 662.502 --> As = 883.3 mm²

4/3×As(req) ≤ As(use), ρuse ≤ ρmax → ∴ O.K.

d) Nominal Strength Check

a' = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 10.392 mm
Mu / Φ = As×fy / (d - a／2) ------- (1)
a = As×fy / (0.85×fck×B) ------- (2)

fy² Mu
×As²- fy×d×As + = 0
2×0.85×fck×B Φ

ØMn = Øf·fy·As·( D - a/2 ) = 317383867 N.mm

= 317.384 kN > 133.980 kN → ∴ O.K.

req.As = 883.3 ㎟ < Used.As = H16 @ 125.0mm = 1588.8 ㎟

( 4/3 As(req) ) → ∴ O.K.
e) Shear Check
Øv·Vc = Øv·1/6·√fck·B·d / 1000 = 410.792 kN 49 of 82 .
Vu=469.82 > Φv x Vc=410.792 ∴ Required shear reinforcement.

Req Av = 81.98 ㎟
Use Av = H13 - 4Leg, s = 250 mm = 506.80 ㎟ > Req Av → ∴ O.K.
Øv·As = 364.896 kN
s= 250 mm < Min( 600, 0.5D) = 300mm → ∴ O.K.

Øv·Vn = Øv·Vc + Øv·Vs = 775.688 kN > Vu → ∴ O.K.

f) Flexural Crack Check

n = Es / Ec = 8
ρ = As / ( B × d) = 0.00265
k = -np + √ ((np2 + 2np) = 0.1848
j = 1 - k / 3 = 0.9384
x = k·d = 110.909 mm
fc = 2·Mo / ( b·x·(d - x/3)) = 3.376 MPa
fs = Mo / ( As·(D - x/3)) = 117.848 MPa
fst = fs·(H - dc_min - x) / (D - x) = 117.848 MPa

The spacing of reinforcement closest to the tension face.

s = Min [ 375·(210/fst)-2.5Cc , 300·(210/fst) ]= 438.234 mm
Where, Cc = dc_min - Surface of reinforcement Dia / 2 = 92.00 mm

Space of main rebar = 125.00 < 438.234 mm → ∴ O.K.

(4) YY - direction Min
50 of 82 .
a) Geometry and Materials
Mu = 663.370 kN.m, Vu = 335.360 kN, Mo = 419.590 kN.m
fck = 30.0 Mpa , fy = 400 Mpa, Cover = 100 mm
B= 1000 mm , h= 700 mm , d= 600 mm
β1 = 0.836 Φf = 0.85 Φv = 0.75

b) Strain Limits Check

a = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 80.615 mm

εt = 0.01567 > Strain Limits = 0.004 → ∴ O.K.

Where, Net tention Strain εt = 0.003×(H - a/β1 - Dc_min) / (a/β1)

εt ≥ 0.005 (Tension Controlled Section), Φf = 0.850

c) Check Reinforcement Ratios

ρmin = max(0.25√fck / fy, 1.4/fy) = 0.0035 --> As = 2100.0 mm²
ρsh (Shrinkage and Temperature) = 0.002/2 --> As = 700.0 mm² (Max. 1800/2 mm²)
ρlimit = As / ( B × d) = 0.02284 --> As = 13704.0 mm²
ρuse = As / ( B × d) = 0.00857 --> As = 5139.2 mm²
4/3×As(req) = 4/3 x 3403.210 --> As = 4537.6 mm²

4/3×As(req) ≤ As(use), ρuse ≤ ρmax → ∴ O.K.

d) Nominal Strength Check

a' = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 53.384 mm
Mu / Φ = As×fy / (d - a／2) ------- (1)
a = As×fy / (0.85×fck×B) ------- (2)

fy² Mu
×As²- fy×d×As + = 0
2×0.85×fck×B Φ

ØMn = Øf·fy·As·( D - a/2 ) = 977966377 N.mm

= 977.966 kN > 663.370 kN → ∴ O.K.

req.As = 3403.2 ㎟ < Used.As = H29 @ 125.0mm = 5139.2 ㎟

( As(req) ) → ∴ O.K.
e) Shear Check
Øv·Vc = Øv·1/6·√fck·B·d / 1000 = 410.792 kN 51 of 82 .
Vu=335.36 < Φv x Vc=410.792 ∴ Not required shear reinforcement.

f) Flexural Crack Check

n = Es / Ec = 8
ρ = As / ( B × d) = 0.00857
k = -np + √ ((np2 + 2np) = 0.3025
j = 1 - k / 3 = 0.8992
x = k·d = 181.518 mm
fc = 2·Mo / ( b·x·(d - x/3)) = 8.569 MPa
fs = Mo / ( As·(D - x/3)) = 151.336 MPa
fst = fs·(H - dc_min - x) / (D - x) = 151.336 MPa

The spacing of reinforcement closest to the tension face.

s = Min [ 375·(210/fst)-2.5Cc , 300·(210/fst) ]= 306.615 mm
Where, Cc = dc_min - Surface of reinforcement Dia / 2 = 85.50 mm

Space of main rebar = 125.00 < 306.615 mm → ∴ O.K.

3) Outer wall_mid
52 of 82 .
(1) XX-direction Max

a) Geometry and Materials

Mu = 111.150 kN.m, Vu = 343.720 kN, Mo = 100.140 kN.m
fck = 30.0 Mpa , fy = 400 Mpa, Cover = 100 mm
B= 1000 mm , h= 500 mm , d= 400 mm
β1 = 0.836 Φf = 0.85 Φv = 0.75

b) Strain Limits Check

a = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 20.769 mm

εt = 0.0453 > Strain Limits = 0.004 → ∴ O.K.

Where, Net tention Strain εt = 0.003×(H - a/β1 - Dc_min) / (a/β1)

εt ≥ 0.005 (Tension Controlled Section), Φf = 0.850

c) Check Reinforcement Ratios

ρmin = max(0.25√fck / fy, 1.4/fy) = 0.0035 --> As = 1400.0 mm²
ρsh (Shrinkage and Temperature) = 0.002/2 --> As = 500.0 mm² (Max. 1800/2 mm²)
ρlimit = As / ( B × d) = 0.02284 --> As = 9136.0 mm²
ρuse = As / ( B × d) = 0.00331 --> As = 1324.0 mm²
4/3×As(req) = 4/3 x 830.814 --> As = 1107.8 mm²

4/3×As(req) ≤ As(use), ρuse ≤ ρmax → ∴ O.K.

d) Nominal Strength Check

a' = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 13.032 mm
Mu / Φ = As×fy / (d - a／2) ------- (1)
a = As×fy / (0.85×fck×B) ------- (2)

fy² Mu
×As²- fy×d×As + = 0
2×0.85×fck×B Φ

ØMn = Øf·fy·As·( D - a/2 ) = 175389313 N.mm

= 175.389 kN > 111.150 kN → ∴ O.K.

req.As = 1107.8 ㎟ < Used.As = H16 @ 150.0mm = 1324.0 ㎟

( 4/3 As(req) ) → ∴ O.K.
e) Shear Check
Øv·Vc = Øv·1/6·√fck·B·d / 1000 = 273.861 kN 53 of 82 .
Vu=343.72 > Φv x Vc=273.861 ∴ Required shear reinforcement.

Req Av = 116.43 ㎟
Use Av = H13 - 3.3Leg, s = 200 mm = 418.11 ㎟ > Req Av → ∴ O.K.
Øv·As = 250.866 kN
s= 200 mm < Min( 600, 0.5D) = 200mm → ∴ O.K.

Øv·Vn = Øv·Vc + Øv·Vs = 524.727 kN > Vu → ∴ O.K.

f) Flexural Crack Check

n = Es / Ec = 8
ρ = As / ( B × d) = 0.00331
k = -np + √ ((np2 + 2np) = 0.2038
j = 1 - k / 3 = 0.9321
x = k·d = 81.536 mm
fc = 2·Mo / ( b·x·(d - x/3)) = 6.588 MPa
fs = Mo / ( As·(D - x/3)) = 202.871 MPa
fst = fs·(H - dc_min - x) / (D - x) = 202.871 MPa

The spacing of reinforcement closest to the tension face.

s = Min [ 375·(210/fst)-2.5Cc , 300·(210/fst) ]= 158.178 mm
Where, Cc = dc_min - Surface of reinforcement Dia / 2 = 92.00 mm

Space of main rebar = 150.00 < 158.178 mm → ∴ O.K.

(2) XX - direction Min
54 of 82 .
a) Geometry and Materials
Mu = 396.210 kN.m, Vu = 347.530 kN, Mo = 251.270 kN.m
fck = 30.0 Mpa , fy = 400 Mpa, Cover = 100 mm
B= 1000 mm , h= 500 mm , d= 400 mm
β1 = 0.836 Φf = 0.85 Φv = 0.75

b) Strain Limits Check

a = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 52.988 mm

εt = 0.01593 > Strain Limits = 0.004 → ∴ O.K.

Where, Net tention Strain εt = 0.003×(H - a/β1 - Dc_min) / (a/β1)

εt ≥ 0.005 (Tension Controlled Section), Φf = 0.850

c) Check Reinforcement Ratios

ρmin = max(0.25√fck / fy, 1.4/fy) = 0.0035 --> As = 1400.0 mm²
ρsh (Shrinkage and Temperature) = 0.002/2 --> As = 500.0 mm² (Max. 1800/2 mm²)
ρlimit = As / ( B × d) = 0.02284 --> As = 9136.0 mm²
ρuse = As / ( B × d) = 0.00845 --> As = 3378.0 mm²
4/3×As(req) = 4/3 x 3101.981 --> As = 4136.0 mm²

ρmin ≤ ρuse ≤ ρlimit → ∴ O.K.

d) Nominal Strength Check

a' = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 48.659 mm
Mu / Φ = As×fy / (d - a／2) ------- (1)
a = As×fy / (0.85×fck×B) ------- (2)

fy² Mu
×As²- fy×d×As + = 0
2×0.85×fck×B Φ

ØMn = Øf·fy·As·( D - a/2 ) = 428979111 N.mm

= 428.979 kN > 396.210 kN → ∴ O.K.

req.As = 3102 ㎟ < Used.As = H25 @ 150.0mm = 3378.0 ㎟

( As(req) ) → ∴ O.K.
e) Shear Check
Øv·Vc = Øv·1/6·√fck·B·d / 1000 = 273.861 kN 55 of 82 .
Vu=347.53 > Φv x Vc=273.861 ∴ Required shear reinforcement.

Req Av = 122.78 ㎟
Use Av = H13 - 3.3Leg, s = 200 mm = 418.11 ㎟ > Req Av → ∴ O.K.
Øv·As = 250.866 kN
s= 200 mm < Min( 600, 0.5D) = 200mm → ∴ O.K.

Øv·Vn = Øv·Vc + Øv·Vs = 524.727 kN > Vu → ∴ O.K.

f) Flexural Crack Check

n = Es / Ec = 8
ρ = As / ( B × d) = 0.00845
k = -np + √ ((np2 + 2np) = 0.3009
j = 1 - k / 3 = 0.8997
x = k·d = 120.349 mm
fc = 2·Mo / ( b·x·(d - x/3)) = 11.603 MPa
fs = Mo / ( As·(D - x/3)) = 206.690 MPa
fst = fs·(H - dc_min - x) / (D - x) = 206.690 MPa

The spacing of reinforcement closest to the tension face.

s = Min [ 375·(210/fst)-2.5Cc , 300·(210/fst) ]= 162.255 mm
Where, Cc = dc_min - Surface of reinforcement Dia / 2 = 87.50 mm

Space of main rebar = 150.00 < 162.255 mm → ∴ O.K.

(3) YY - direction Max
56 of 82 .
a) Geometry and Materials
Mu = 44.670 kN.m, Vu = 88.030 kN, Mo = 27.700 kN.m
fck = 30.0 Mpa , fy = 400 Mpa, Cover = 100 mm
B= 1000 mm , h= 500 mm , d= 400 mm
β1 = 0.836 Φf = 0.85 Φv = 0.75

b) Strain Limits Check

a = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 10.384 mm

εt = 0.09361 > Strain Limits = 0.004 → ∴ O.K.

Where, Net tention Strain εt = 0.003×(H - a/β1 - Dc_min) / (a/β1)

εt ≥ 0.005 (Tension Controlled Section), Φf = 0.850

c) Check Reinforcement Ratios

ρmin = max(0.25√fck / fy, 1.4/fy) = 0.0035 --> As = 1400.0 mm²
ρsh (Shrinkage and Temperature) = 0.002/2 --> As = 500.0 mm² (Max. 1800/2 mm²)
ρlimit = As / ( B × d) = 0.02284 --> As = 9136.0 mm²
ρuse = As / ( B × d) = 0.00166 --> As = 662.0 mm²
4/3×As(req) = 4/3 x 330.599 --> As = 440.8 mm²

4/3×As(req) ≤ As(use), ρuse ≤ ρmax → ∴ O.K.

d) Nominal Strength Check

a' = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 5.186 mm
Mu / Φ = As×fy / (d - a／2) ------- (1)
a = As×fy / (0.85×fck×B) ------- (2)

fy² Mu
×As²- fy×d×As + = 0
2×0.85×fck×B Φ

ØMn = Øf·fy·As·( D - a/2 ) = 88863385 N.mm

= 88.863 kN > 44.670 kN → ∴ O.K.

req.As = 500 ㎟ < Used.As = H16 @ 300.0mm = 662.0 ㎟

( ρsh×b×h ) → ∴ O.K.
e) Shear Check
Øv·Vc = Øv·1/6·√fck·B·d / 1000 = 273.861 kN 57 of 82 .
Vu=88.03 < Φv x Vc=273.861 ∴ Not required shear reinforcement.

f) Flexural Crack Check

n = Es / Ec = 8
ρ = As / ( B × d) = 0.00166
k = -np + √ ((np2 + 2np) = 0.1498
j = 1 - k / 3 = 0.9501
x = k·d = 59.904 mm
fc = 2·Mo / ( b·x·(d - x/3)) = 2.434 MPa
fs = Mo / ( As·(D - x/3)) = 110.104 MPa
fst = fs·(H - dc_min - x) / (D - x) = 110.104 MPa

The spacing of reinforcement closest to the tension face.

s = Min [ 375·(210/fst)-2.5Cc , 300·(210/fst) ]= 485.233 mm
Where, Cc = dc_min - Surface of reinforcement Dia / 2 = 92.00 mm

Space of main rebar = 300.00 < 485.233 mm → ∴ O.K.

(4) YY - direction Min
58 of 82 .
a) Geometry and Materials
Mu = 291.020 kN.m, Vu = 244.010 kN, Mo = 173.500 kN.m
fck = 30.0 Mpa , fy = 400 Mpa, Cover = 100 mm
B= 1000 mm , h= 500 mm , d= 400 mm
β1 = 0.836 Φf = 0.85 Φv = 0.75

b) Strain Limits Check

a = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 80.615 mm

εt = 0.00944 > Strain Limits = 0.004 → ∴ O.K.

Where, Net tention Strain εt = 0.003×(H - a/β1 - Dc_min) / (a/β1)

εt ≥ 0.005 (Tension Controlled Section), Φf = 0.850

c) Check Reinforcement Ratios

ρmin = max(0.25√fck / fy, 1.4/fy) = 0.0035 --> As = 1400.0 mm²
ρsh (Shrinkage and Temperature) = 0.002/2 --> As = 500.0 mm² (Max. 1800/2 mm²)
ρlimit = As / ( B × d) = 0.02284 --> As = 9136.0 mm²
ρuse = As / ( B × d) = 0.01285 --> As = 5139.2 mm²
4/3×As(req) = 4/3 x 2238.068 --> As = 2984.1 mm²

4/3×As(req) ≤ As(use), ρuse ≤ ρmax → ∴ O.K.

d) Nominal Strength Check

a' = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 35.107 mm
Mu / Φ = As×fy / (d - a／2) ------- (1)
a = As×fy / (0.85×fck×B) ------- (2)

fy² Mu
×As²- fy×d×As + = 0
2×0.85×fck×B Φ

ØMn = Øf·fy·As·( D - a/2 ) = 628500777 N.mm

= 628.501 kN > 291.020 kN → ∴ O.K.

req.As = 2238.1 ㎟ < Used.As = H29 @ 125.0mm = 5139.2 ㎟

( As(req) ) → ∴ O.K.
e) Shear Check
Øv·Vc = Øv·1/6·√fck·B·d / 1000 = 273.861 kN 59 of 82 .
Vu=244.01 < Φv x Vc=273.861 ∴ Not required shear reinforcement.

f) Flexural Crack Check

n = Es / Ec = 8
ρ = As / ( B × d) = 0.01285
k = -np + √ ((np2 + 2np) = 0.3521
j = 1 - k / 3 = 0.8826
x = k·d = 140.834 mm
fc = 2·Mo / ( b·x·(d - x/3)) = 6.979 MPa
fs = Mo / ( As·(D - x/3)) = 95.623 MPa
fst = fs·(H - dc_min - x) / (D - x) = 95.623 MPa

The spacing of reinforcement closest to the tension face.

s = Min [ 375·(210/fst)-2.5Cc , 300·(210/fst) ]= 609.797 mm
Where, Cc = dc_min - Surface of reinforcement Dia / 2 = 85.50 mm

Space of main rebar = 125.00 < 609.797 mm → ∴ O.K.

3) Inner wall
60 of 82 .
(1) XX-direction Max

a) Geometry and Materials

Mu = 73.640 kN.m, Vu = 88.350 kN, Mo = 42.340 kN.m
fck = 30.0 Mpa , fy = 400 Mpa, Cover = 100 mm
B= 1000 mm , h= 400 mm , d= 300 mm
β1 = 0.836 Φf = 0.85 Φv = 0.75

b) Strain Limits Check

a = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 35.953 mm

εt = 0.01793 > Strain Limits = 0.004 → ∴ O.K.

Where, Net tention Strain εt = 0.003×(H - a/β1 - Dc_min) / (a/β1)

εt ≥ 0.005 (Tension Controlled Section), Φf = 0.850

c) Check Reinforcement Ratios

ρmin = max(0.25√fck / fy, 1.4/fy) = 0.0035 --> As = 1050.0 mm²
ρsh (Shrinkage and Temperature) = 0.002/2 --> As = 400.0 mm² (Max. 1800/2 mm²)
ρlimit = As / ( B × d) = 0.02284 --> As = 6852.0 mm²
ρuse = As / ( B × d) = 0.00764 --> As = 2292.0 mm²
4/3×As(req) = 4/3 x 736.128 --> As = 981.5 mm²

4/3×As(req) ≤ As(use), ρuse ≤ ρmax → ∴ O.K.

d) Nominal Strength Check

a' = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 11.547 mm
Mu / Φ = As×fy / (d - a／2) ------- (1)
a = As×fy / (0.85×fck×B) ------- (2)

fy² Mu
×As²- fy×d×As + = 0
2×0.85×fck×B Φ

ØMn = Øf·fy·As·( D - a/2 ) = 219775273 N.mm

= 219.775 kN > 73.640 kN → ∴ O.K.

req.As = 981.5 ㎟ < Used.As = H19 @ 125.0mm = 2292.0 ㎟

( 4/3 As(req) ) → ∴ O.K.
e) Shear Check
Øv·Vc = Øv·1/6·√fck·B·d / 1000 = 205.396 kN 61 of 82 .
Vu=88.35 < Φv x Vc=205.396 ∴ Not required shear reinforcement.

f) Flexural Crack Check

n = Es / Ec = 8
ρ = As / ( B × d) = 0.00764
k = -np + √ ((np2 + 2np) = 0.2892
j = 1 - k / 3 = 0.9036
x = k·d = 86.753 mm
fc = 2·Mo / ( b·x·(d - x/3)) = 3.601 MPa
fs = Mo / ( As·(D - x/3)) = 68.145 MPa
fst = fs·(H - dc_min - x) / (D - x) = 68.145 MPa

The spacing of reinforcement closest to the tension face.

s = Min [ 375·(210/fst)-2.5Cc , 300·(210/fst) ]= 924.499 mm
Where, Cc = dc_min - Surface of reinforcement Dia / 2 = 90.50 mm

Space of main rebar = 125.00 < 924.499 mm → ∴ O.K.

(2) XX - direction Min
62 of 82 .
a) Geometry and Materials
Mu = 183.510 kN.m, Vu = 144.910 kN, Mo = 137.830 kN.m
fck = 30.0 Mpa , fy = 400 Mpa, Cover = 100 mm
B= 1000 mm , h= 400 mm , d= 300 mm
β1 = 0.836 Φf = 0.85 Φv = 0.75

b) Strain Limits Check

a = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 35.953 mm

εt = 0.01793 > Strain Limits = 0.004 → ∴ O.K.

Where, Net tention Strain εt = 0.003×(H - a/β1 - Dc_min) / (a/β1)

εt ≥ 0.005 (Tension Controlled Section), Φf = 0.850

c) Check Reinforcement Ratios

ρmin = max(0.25√fck / fy, 1.4/fy) = 0.0035 --> As = 1050.0 mm²
ρsh (Shrinkage and Temperature) = 0.002/2 --> As = 400.0 mm² (Max. 1800/2 mm²)
ρlimit = As / ( B × d) = 0.02284 --> As = 6852.0 mm²
ρuse = As / ( B × d) = 0.00764 --> As = 2292.0 mm²
4/3×As(req) = 4/3 x 1892.781 --> As = 2523.7 mm²

ρmin ≤ ρuse ≤ ρlimit → ∴ O.K.

d) Nominal Strength Check

a' = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 29.691 mm
Mu / Φ = As×fy / (d - a／2) ------- (1)
a = As×fy / (0.85×fck×B) ------- (2)

fy² Mu
×As²- fy×d×As + = 0
2×0.85×fck×B Φ

ØMn = Øf·fy·As·( D - a/2 ) = 219775273 N.mm

= 219.775 kN > 183.510 kN → ∴ O.K.

req.As = 1892.8 ㎟ < Used.As = H19 @ 125.0mm = 2292.0 ㎟

( As(req) ) → ∴ O.K.
e) Shear Check
Øv·Vc = Øv·1/6·√fck·B·d / 1000 = 205.396 kN 63 of 82 .
Vu=144.91 < Φv x Vc=205.396 ∴ Not required shear reinforcement.

f) Flexural Crack Check

n = Es / Ec = 8
ρ = As / ( B × d) = 0.00764
k = -np + √ ((np2 + 2np) = 0.2892
j = 1 - k / 3 = 0.9036
x = k·d = 86.753 mm
fc = 2·Mo / ( b·x·(d - x/3)) = 11.722 MPa
fs = Mo / ( As·(D - x/3)) = 221.834 MPa
fst = fs·(H - dc_min - x) / (D - x) = 221.834 MPa

The spacing of reinforcement closest to the tension face.

s = Min [ 375·(210/fst)-2.5Cc , 300·(210/fst) ]= 128.745 mm
Where, Cc = dc_min - Surface of reinforcement Dia / 2 = 90.50 mm

Space of main rebar = 125.00 < 128.745 mm → ∴ O.K.

(3) YY - direction Max
64 of 82 .
a) Geometry and Materials
Mu = 88.540 kN.m, Vu = 121.740 kN, Mo = 55.800 kN.m
fck = 30.0 Mpa , fy = 400 Mpa, Cover = 100 mm
B= 1000 mm , h= 400 mm , d= 300 mm
β1 = 0.836 Φf = 0.85 Φv = 0.75

b) Strain Limits Check

a = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 24.922 mm

εt = 0.02719 > Strain Limits = 0.004 → ∴ O.K.

Where, Net tention Strain εt = 0.003×(H - a/β1 - Dc_min) / (a/β1)

εt ≥ 0.005 (Tension Controlled Section), Φf = 0.850

c) Check Reinforcement Ratios

ρmin = max(0.25√fck / fy, 1.4/fy) = 0.0035 --> As = 1050.0 mm²
ρsh (Shrinkage and Temperature) = 0.002/2 --> As = 400.0 mm² (Max. 1800/2 mm²)
ρlimit = As / ( B × d) = 0.02284 --> As = 6852.0 mm²
ρuse = As / ( B × d) = 0.0053 --> As = 1588.8 mm²
4/3×As(req) = 4/3 x 888.687 --> As = 1184.9 mm²

4/3×As(req) ≤ As(use), ρuse ≤ ρmax → ∴ O.K.

d) Nominal Strength Check

a' = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 13.94 mm
Mu / Φ = As×fy / (d - a／2) ------- (1)
a = As×fy / (0.85×fck×B) ------- (2)

fy² Mu
×As²- fy×d×As + = 0
2×0.85×fck×B Φ

ØMn = Øf·fy·As·( D - a/2 ) = 155326267 N.mm

= 155.326 kN > 88.540 kN → ∴ O.K.

req.As = 1050 ㎟ < Used.As = H16 @ 125.0mm = 1588.8 ㎟

( ρmin×b×d ) → ∴ O.K.
e) Shear Check
Øv·Vc = Øv·1/6·√fck·B·d / 1000 = 205.396 kN 65 of 82 .
Vu=121.74 < Φv x Vc=205.396 ∴ Not required shear reinforcement.

f) Flexural Crack Check

n = Es / Ec = 8
ρ = As / ( B × d) = 0.0053
k = -np + √ ((np2 + 2np) = 0.2492
j = 1 - k / 3 = 0.9169
x = k·d = 74.757 mm
fc = 2·Mo / ( b·x·(d - x/3)) = 5.427 MPa
fs = Mo / ( As·(D - x/3)) = 127.675 MPa
fst = fs·(H - dc_min - x) / (D - x) = 127.675 MPa

The spacing of reinforcement closest to the tension face.

s = Min [ 375·(210/fst)-2.5Cc , 300·(210/fst) ]= 386.8 mm
Where, Cc = dc_min - Surface of reinforcement Dia / 2 = 92.00 mm

Space of main rebar = 125.00 < 386.8 mm → ∴ O.K.

(4) YY - direction Min
66 of 82 .
a) Geometry and Materials
Mu = 143.880 kN.m, Vu = 121.740 kN, Mo = 82.850 kN.m
fck = 30.0 Mpa , fy = 400 Mpa, Cover = 100 mm
B= 1000 mm , h= 400 mm , d= 300 mm
β1 = 0.836 Φf = 0.85 Φv = 0.75

b) Strain Limits Check

a = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 24.922 mm

εt = 0.02719 > Strain Limits = 0.004 → ∴ O.K.

Where, Net tention Strain εt = 0.003×(H - a/β1 - Dc_min) / (a/β1)

εt ≥ 0.005 (Tension Controlled Section), Φf = 0.850

c) Check Reinforcement Ratios

ρmin = max(0.25√fck / fy, 1.4/fy) = 0.0035 --> As = 1050.0 mm²
ρsh (Shrinkage and Temperature) = 0.002/2 --> As = 400.0 mm² (Max. 1800/2 mm²)
ρlimit = As / ( B × d) = 0.02284 --> As = 6852.0 mm²
ρuse = As / ( B × d) = 0.0053 --> As = 1588.8 mm²
4/3×As(req) = 4/3 x 1466.840 --> As = 1955.8 mm²

ρmin ≤ ρuse ≤ ρlimit → ∴ O.K.

d) Nominal Strength Check

a' = ( As×fy) / ( 0.85×fck×B) = 23.009 mm
Mu / Φ = As×fy / (d - a／2) ------- (1)
a = As×fy / (0.85×fck×B) ------- (2)

fy² Mu
×As²- fy×d×As + = 0
2×0.85×fck×B Φ

ØMn = Øf·fy·As·( D - a/2 ) = 155326267 N.mm

= 155.326 kN > 143.880 kN → ∴ O.K.

req.As = 1466.8 ㎟ < Used.As = H16 @ 125.0mm = 1588.8 ㎟

( As(req) ) → ∴ O.K.
e) Shear Check
Øv·Vc = Øv·1/6·√fck·B·d / 1000 = 205.396 kN 67 of 82 .
Vu=121.74 < Φv x Vc=205.396 ∴ Not required shear reinforcement.

f) Flexural Crack Check

n = Es / Ec = 8
ρ = As / ( B × d) = 0.0053
k = -np + √ ((np2 + 2np) = 0.2492
j = 1 - k / 3 = 0.9169
x = k·d = 74.757 mm
fc = 2·Mo / ( b·x·(d - x/3)) = 8.058 MPa
fs = Mo / ( As·(D - x/3)) = 189.567 MPa
fst = fs·(H - dc_min - x) / (D - x) = 189.567 MPa

The spacing of reinforcement closest to the tension face.

s = Min [ 375·(210/fst)-2.5Cc , 300·(210/fst) ]= 185.42 mm
Where, Cc = dc_min - Surface of reinforcement Dia / 2 = 92.00 mm

Space of main rebar = 125.00 < 185.42 mm → ∴ O.K.

2.11 CRACK CHECK
1) Bottom Slab
68 of 82 .
(1) XX-direction Max

① Design conditions
fck (Concrete strength) = 30 MPa b (Width) = 1000 ㎜
fy (Reinforcement yield stren = 400 MPa h (Member thickness) = 700 ㎜
Ec (Concrete modulus of elasti= 28561 MPa d (Effective depth) = 600 ㎜
Es (Reinforcement modulus of = 200000 MPa h-d (Cover) = 100 ㎜
M (Applied bending moment) = 114.810 kN·m DIA (Rebar diameter) = H 13 ㎜
RH (Relative humidity of outdoo= 66.60 % s (Rebar spacing) = 125 ㎜

ρs,ef fs2 = 0.98011 MPa ≤ fr(t) ( 1 + αe ρs,ef ) = 3.5522 MPa state of the crack

As,used (Amount of reinforcem = D13@125 = 1013.60 ㎟

ρ (Reinforcement ratio) = As / bd = 0.00169
n (Modulus of elasticity ratio = Es / Ec = 7
k (Neutral axis ratio) = -nρ + √((nρ)²+2nρ) = 0.142
x = kd = 85.200 ㎜
hc,ef (Effective tensile depth of = min [ 2.5 (h-d) , (h-x)/3 ] = 204.933 ㎜
Ac,ef (Effective tensile area of c = hc,ef b = 204933.333 ㎟
ρs,ef (유효Reinforcement ratio) = As / Ac,ef = 0.00495
fs2 (Reinforcement stress at th = M / { As (d-x/3) } = 198.162 MPa
fr (Concrete fracture coeffici = 0.63 √fck = 3.451 MPa
Eci (Initial tangent modulus of e= Ec / 0.85 = 33602 MPa
αe = Es / Eci = 5.952
εs2 = fs2 / Es = 0.000991
εsr2 = fr(28) / (ρs,ef x Es) x (1+αeρs,ef) = 0.003591
β (Coefficient for evaluating the average strain within the slip occurrence = 0.60

wa (Allowable crack width) = The larger value between 0.3 mm and 0.004 = 0.374 ㎜
wk (Design crack width) = ℓs,max (εsm - εcm - εcs ) = 0.238 ㎜ O.K

τbk (Average bond stress) = 1.8 fr(t) = 6.211 MPa

ℓs,max (Slip occurrence length = ( fs2 / 2τbk ) { db / ( 1 + αe ρs,ef ) } = 201.447 ㎜
εsm - εcm (Average strain) = εs2 - βεsr2 = 1.164E-03
εcs (Shrinkage strain) = εsho βs ( t - ts ) = -1.604E-05
εsho (Conceptual drying shrinka = εs (fcu) Βrh = -0.0005
εs (fcu) (Creep influence functi = [ 160 + 10 βsc ( 9 - fcu / 10 ) ] × 10-6 = 0.00042
(Influence
βsc coefficient based on cement = type)
[ Type 1 cement ] = 5
βRH (Influence coefficient base = -1.55 [ 1 - ( RH / 100 )3 ](40%≤RH<99%) or
0.25 (RH≥99%) = -1.092

Here, RH = Relative humidity of outd = 66.60 %

β s ( t - ts ) = √ [ ( t - ts ) / { 0.035 h2 + ( t - ts ) } ] = 0.035
Here, t = Concrete age (days) = 28 day

h = 2Ac / u where ℎ h is the conceptual member dimension, 𝐴 𝑐 Ac is the cross-sectional area (mm²), and 𝑢 u is
ts = Concrete age when exposed to outdoor air = 7 day

h = 700 ㎜ , Ac = 700000 ㎟ , u = 2000 ㎜

 (2) YY - direction Max

① Design conditions 69 of 82 .
fck (Concrete strength) = 30 MPa b (Width) = 1000 ㎜
fy (Reinforcement yield stren = 400 MPa h (Member thickness) = 700 ㎜
Ec (Concrete modulus of elasti= 28561 MPa d (Effective depth) = 600 ㎜
Es (Reinforcement modulus of = 200000 MPa h-d (Cover) = 100 ㎜
M (Applied bending moment) = 102.740 kN·m DIA (Rebar diameter) = H 16 ㎜
RH (Relative humidity of outdoo= 66.60 % s (Rebar spacing) = 125 ㎜

ρs,ef fs2 = 0.916844 MPa ≤ fr(t) ( 1 + αe ρs,ef ) = 3.6152 MPa state of the crack

As,used (Amount of reinforcem = D16@125 = 1588.80 ㎟

ρ (Reinforcement ratio) = As / bd = 0.00265
n (Modulus of elasticity ratio = Es / Ec = 7
k (Neutral axis ratio) = -nρ + √((nρ)²+2nρ) = 0.175
x = kd = 105.000 ㎜
hc,ef (Effective tensile depth of = min [ 2.5 (h-d) , (h-x)/3 ] = 198.333 ㎜
Ac,ef (Effective tensile area of c = hc,ef b = 198333.333 ㎟
ρs,ef (유효Reinforcement ratio) = As / Ac,ef = 0.00801
fs2 (Reinforcement stress at th = M / { As (d-x/3) } = 114.452 MPa
fr (Concrete fracture coeffici = 0.63 √fck = 3.451 MPa
Eci (Initial tangent modulus of e= Ec / 0.85 = 33602 MPa
αe = Es / Eci = 5.952
εs2 = fs2 / Es = 0.000572
εsr2 = fr(28) / (ρs,ef x Es) x (1+αeρs,ef) = 0.002256
β (Coefficient for evaluating the average strain within the slip occurrence = 0.60

wa (Allowable crack width) = The larger value between 0.3 mm and 0.004 = 0.368 ㎜
wk (Design crack width) = ℓs,max (εsm - εcm - εcs ) = 0.112 ㎜ O.K

τbk (Average bond stress) = 1.8 fr(t) = 6.211 MPa

ℓs,max (Slip occurrence length = ( fs2 / 2τbk ) { db / ( 1 + αe ρs,ef ) } = 140.705 ㎜
εsm - εcm (Average strain) = εs2 - βεsr2 = 7.816E-04
εcs (Shrinkage strain) = εsho βs ( t - ts ) = -1.604E-05
εsho (Conceptual drying shrinka = εs (fcu) Βrh = -0.0005
εs (fcu) (Creep influence functi = [ 160 + 10 βsc ( 9 - fcu / 10 ) ] × 10-6 = 0.00042
(Influence
βsc coefficient based on cement = type)
[ Type 1 cement ] = 5
βRH (Influence coefficient base = -1.55 [ 1 - ( RH / 100 )3 ](40%≤RH<99%) or
0.25 (RH≥99%) = -1.092

Here, RH = Relative humidity of outd = 66.60 %

β s ( t - ts ) = √ [ ( t - ts ) / { 0.035 h2 + ( t - ts ) } ] = 0.035
Here, t = Concrete age (days) = 28 day

h = 2Ac / u where ℎ h is the conceptual member dimension, 𝐴 𝑐 Ac is the cross-sectional area (mm²), and 𝑢 u is
ts = Concrete age when exposed to outdoor air = 7 day

h = 700 ㎜ , Ac = 700000 ㎟ , u = 2000 ㎜

2) Outer wall

(1) XX-direction Max 70 of 82 .

① Design conditions
fck (Concrete strength) = 30 MPa b (Width) = 1000 ㎜
fy (Reinforcement yield stren = 400 MPa h (Member thickness) = 700 ㎜
Ec (Concrete modulus of elasti= 28561 MPa d (Effective depth) = 600 ㎜
Es (Reinforcement modulus of = 200000 MPa h-d (Cover) = 100 ㎜
M (Applied bending moment) = 90.590 kN·m DIA (Rebar diameter) = H 13 ㎜
RH (Relative humidity of outdoo= 66.60 % s (Rebar spacing) = 125 ㎜

ρs,ef fs2 = 0.773349 MPa ≤ fr(t) ( 1 + αe ρs,ef ) = 3.5522 MPa state of the crack

As,used (Amount of reinforcem = D13@125 = 1013.60 ㎟

ρ (Reinforcement ratio) = As / bd = 0.00169
n (Modulus of elasticity ratio = Es / Ec = 7
k (Neutral axis ratio) = -nρ + √((nρ)²+2nρ) = 0.142
x = kd = 85.200 ㎜
hc,ef (Effective tensile depth of = min [ 2.5 (h-d) , (h-x)/3 ] = 204.933 ㎜
Ac,ef (Effective tensile area of c = hc,ef b = 204933.333 ㎟
ρs,ef (유효Reinforcement ratio) = As / Ac,ef = 0.00495
fs2 (Reinforcement stress at th = M / { As (d-x/3) } = 156.358 MPa
fr (Concrete fracture coeffici = 0.63 √fck = 3.451 MPa
Eci (Initial tangent modulus of e= Ec / 0.85 = 33602 MPa
αe = Es / Eci = 5.952
εs2 = fs2 / Es = 0.000782
εsr2 = fr(28) / (ρs,ef x Es) x (1+αeρs,ef) = 0.003591
β (Coefficient for evaluating the average strain within the slip occurrence = 0.60

wa (Allowable crack width) = The larger value between 0.3 mm and 0.004 = 0.374 ㎜
wk (Design crack width) = ℓs,max (εsm - εcm - εcs ) = 0.221 ㎜ O.K

τbk (Average bond stress) = 1.8 fr(t) = 6.211 MPa

ℓs,max (Slip occurrence length = ( fs2 / 2τbk ) { db / ( 1 + αe ρs,ef ) } = 158.950 ㎜
εsm - εcm (Average strain) = εs2 - βεsr2 = 1.373E-03
εcs (Shrinkage strain) = εsho βs ( t - ts ) = -1.604E-05
εsho (Conceptual drying shrinka = εs (fcu) Βrh = -0.0005
εs (fcu) (Creep influence functi = [ 160 + 10 βsc ( 9 - fcu / 10 ) ] × 10-6 = 0.00042
(Influence
βsc coefficient based on cement = type)
[ Type 1 cement ] = 5
βRH (Influence coefficient base = -1.55 [ 1 - ( RH / 100 )3 ](40%≤RH<99%) or
0.25 (RH≥99%) = -1.092

Here, RH = Relative humidity of outd = 66.60 %

β s ( t - ts ) = √ [ ( t - ts ) / { 0.035 h2 + ( t - ts ) } ] = 0.035
Here, t = Concrete age (days) = 28 day

h = 2Ac / u where ℎ h is the conceptual member dimension, 𝐴 𝑐 Ac is the cross-sectional area (mm²), and 𝑢 u is
ts = Concrete age when exposed to outdoor air = 7 day

h = 700 ㎜ , Ac = 700000 ㎟ , u = 2000 ㎜

 (2) YY - direction Max

① Design conditions 71 of 82 .
fck (Concrete strength) = 30 MPa b (Width) = 1000 ㎜
fy (Reinforcement yield stren = 400 MPa h (Member thickness) = 700 ㎜
Ec (Concrete modulus of elasti= 28561 MPa d (Effective depth) = 600 ㎜
Es (Reinforcement modulus of = 200000 MPa h-d (Cover) = 100 ㎜
M (Applied bending moment) = 105.420 kN·m DIA (Rebar diameter) = H 16 ㎜
RH (Relative humidity of outdoo= 66.60 % s (Rebar spacing) = 125 ㎜

ρs,ef fs2 = 0.94076 MPa ≤ fr(t) ( 1 + αe ρs,ef ) = 3.6152 MPa state of the crack

As,used (Amount of reinforcem = D16@125 = 1588.80 ㎟

ρ (Reinforcement ratio) = As / bd = 0.00265
n (Modulus of elasticity ratio = Es / Ec = 7
k (Neutral axis ratio) = -nρ + √((nρ)²+2nρ) = 0.175
x = kd = 105.000 ㎜
hc,ef (Effective tensile depth of = min [ 2.5 (h-d) , (h-x)/3 ] = 198.333 ㎜
Ac,ef (Effective tensile area of c = hc,ef b = 198333.333 ㎟
ρs,ef (유효Reinforcement ratio) = As / Ac,ef = 0.00801
fs2 (Reinforcement stress at th = M / { As (d-x/3) } = 117.437 MPa
fr (Concrete fracture coeffici = 0.63 √fck = 3.451 MPa
Eci (Initial tangent modulus of e= Ec / 0.85 = 33602 MPa
αe = Es / Eci = 5.952
εs2 = fs2 / Es = 0.000587
εsr2 = fr(28) / (ρs,ef x Es) x (1+αeρs,ef) = 0.002256
β (Coefficient for evaluating the average strain within the slip occurrence = 0.60

wa (Allowable crack width) = The larger value between 0.3 mm and 0.004 = 0.368 ㎜
wk (Design crack width) = ℓs,max (εsm - εcm - εcs ) = 0.113 ㎜ O.K

τbk (Average bond stress) = 1.8 fr(t) = 6.211 MPa

ℓs,max (Slip occurrence length = ( fs2 / 2τbk ) { db / ( 1 + αe ρs,ef ) } = 144.375 ㎜
εsm - εcm (Average strain) = εs2 - βεsr2 = 7.667E-04
εcs (Shrinkage strain) = εsho βs ( t - ts ) = -1.604E-05
εsho (Conceptual drying shrinka = εs (fcu) Βrh = -0.0005
εs (fcu) (Creep influence functi = [ 160 + 10 βsc ( 9 - fcu / 10 ) ] × 10-6 = 0.00042
(Influence
βsc coefficient based on cement = type)
[ Type 1 cement ] = 5
βRH (Influence coefficient base = -1.55 [ 1 - ( RH / 100 )3 ](40%≤RH<99%) or
0.25 (RH≥99%) = -1.092

Here, RH = Relative humidity of outd = 66.60 %

β s ( t - ts ) = √ [ ( t - ts ) / { 0.035 h2 + ( t - ts ) } ] = 0.035
Here, t = Concrete age (days) = 28 day

h = 2Ac / u where ℎ h is the conceptual member dimension, 𝐴 𝑐 Ac is the cross-sectional area (mm²), and 𝑢 u is
ts = Concrete age when exposed to outdoor air = 7 day

h = 700 ㎜ , Ac = 700000 ㎟ , u = 2000 ㎜

3) Inner wall

(1) XX-direction Min 72 of 82 .

① Design conditions
fck (Concrete strength) = 30 MPa b (Width) = 1000 ㎜
fy (Reinforcement yield stren = 400 MPa h (Member thickness) = 400 ㎜
Ec (Concrete modulus of elasti= 28561 MPa d (Effective depth) = 300 ㎜
Es (Reinforcement modulus of = 200000 MPa h-d (Cover) = 100 ㎜
M (Applied bending moment) = 137.830 kN·m DIA (Rebar diameter) = H 19 ㎜
RH (Relative humidity of outdoo= 66.60 % s (Rebar spacing) = 125 ㎜

ρs,ef fs2 = 4.798063 MPa > fr(t) ( 1 + αe ρs,ef ) = 3.8967 MPa state of the crack

As,used (Amount of reinforcem = D19@125 = 2292.00 ㎟

ρ (Reinforcement ratio) = As / bd = 0.00764
n (Modulus of elasticity ratio = Es / Ec = 7
k (Neutral axis ratio) = -nρ + √((nρ)²+2nρ) = 0.278
x = kd = 83.400 ㎜
hc,ef (Effective tensile depth of = min [ 2.5 (h-d) , (h-x)/3 ] = 105.533 ㎜
Ac,ef (Effective tensile area of c = hc,ef b = 105533.333 ㎟
ρs,ef (유효Reinforcement ratio) = As / Ac,ef = 0.02172
fs2 (Reinforcement stress at th = M / { As (d-x/3) } = 220.923 MPa
fr (Concrete fracture coeffici = 0.63 √fck = 3.451 MPa
Eci (Initial tangent modulus of e= Ec / 0.85 = 33602 MPa
αe = Es / Eci = 5.952
εs2 = fs2 / Es = 0.001105
εsr2 = fr(28) / (ρs,ef x Es) x (1+αeρs,ef) = 0.000897
β (Coefficient for evaluating the average strain within the slip occurrence = 0.60

wa (Allowable crack width) = The larger value between 0.3 mm and 0.004 = 0.362 ㎜
wk (Design crack width) = ℓs,max (εsm - εcm - εcs ) = 0.144 ㎜ O.K

τbk (Average bond stress) = 1.8 fr(t) = 6.211 MPa

ℓs,max (Slip occurrence length = d / ( 3.6 ρs,ef ) = 243.011 ㎜
εsm - εcm (Average strain) = εs2 - βεsr2 = 5.664E-04
εcs (Shrinkage strain) = εsho βs ( t - ts ) = -2.804E-05
εsho (Conceptual drying shrinka = εs (fcu) Βrh = -0.0005
εs (fcu) (Creep influence functi = [ 160 + 10 βsc ( 9 - fcu / 10 ) ] × 10-6 = 0.00042
(Influence
βsc coefficient based on cement = type)
[ Type 1 cement ] = 5
βRH (Influence coefficient base = -1.55 [ 1 - ( RH / 100 )3 ](40%≤RH<99%) or
0.25 (RH≥99%) = -1.092

Here, RH = Relative humidity of outd = 66.60 %

β s ( t - ts ) = √ [ ( t - ts ) / { 0.035 h2 + ( t - ts ) } ] = 0.061
Here, t = Concrete age (days) = 28 day

h = 2Ac / u where ℎ h is the conceptual member dimension, 𝐴 𝑐 Ac is the cross-sectional area (mm²), and 𝑢 u is
ts = Concrete age when exposed to outdoor air = 7 day

h = 400 ㎜ , Ac = 400000 ㎟ , u = 2000 ㎜

 (2) YY - direction Min

① Design conditions 73 of 82 .
fck (Concrete strength) = 30 MPa b (Width) = 1000 ㎜
fy (Reinforcement yield stren = 400 MPa h (Member thickness) = 400 ㎜
Ec (Concrete modulus of elasti= 28561 MPa d (Effective depth) = 300 ㎜
Es (Reinforcement modulus of = 200000 MPa h-d (Cover) = 100 ㎜
M (Applied bending moment) = 82.850 kN·m DIA (Rebar diameter) = H 16 ㎜
RH (Relative humidity of outdoo= 66.60 % s (Rebar spacing) = 125 ㎜

ρs,ef fs2 = 2.738562 MPa ≤ fr(t) ( 1 + αe ρs,ef ) = 3.7486 MPa state of the crack

As,used (Amount of reinforcem = D16@125 = 1588.80 ㎟

ρ (Reinforcement ratio) = As / bd = 0.00530
n (Modulus of elasticity ratio = Es / Ec = 7
k (Neutral axis ratio) = -nρ + √((nρ)²+2nρ) = 0.238
x = kd = 71.400 ㎜
hc,ef (Effective tensile depth of = min [ 2.5 (h-d) , (h-x)/3 ] = 109.533 ㎜
Ac,ef (Effective tensile area of c = hc,ef b = 109533.333 ㎟
ρs,ef (유효Reinforcement ratio) = As / Ac,ef = 0.01451
fs2 (Reinforcement stress at th = M / { As (d-x/3) } = 188.799 MPa
fr (Concrete fracture coeffici = 0.63 √fck = 3.451 MPa
Eci (Initial tangent modulus of e= Ec / 0.85 = 33602 MPa
αe = Es / Eci = 5.952
εs2 = fs2 / Es = 0.000944
εsr2 = fr(28) / (ρs,ef x Es) x (1+αeρs,ef) = 0.001292
β (Coefficient for evaluating the average strain within the slip occurrence = 0.60

wa (Allowable crack width) = The larger value between 0.3 mm and 0.004 = 0.368 ㎜
wk (Design crack width) = ℓs,max (εsm - εcm - εcs ) = 0.044 ㎜ O.K

τbk (Average bond stress) = 1.8 fr(t) = 6.211 MPa

ℓs,max (Slip occurrence length = ( fs2 / 2τbk ) { db / ( 1 + αe ρs,ef ) } = 223.847 ㎜
εsm - εcm (Average strain) = εs2 - βεsr2 = 1.687E-04
εcs (Shrinkage strain) = εsho βs ( t - ts ) = -2.804E-05
εsho (Conceptual drying shrinka = εs (fcu) Βrh = -0.0005
εs (fcu) (Creep influence functi = [ 160 + 10 βsc ( 9 - fcu / 10 ) ] × 10-6 = 0.00042
(Influence
βsc coefficient based on cement = type)
[ Type 1 cement ] = 5
βRH (Influence coefficient base = -1.55 [ 1 - ( RH / 100 )3 ](40%≤RH<99%) or
0.25 (RH≥99%) = -1.092

Here, RH = Relative humidity of outd = 66.60 %

β s ( t - ts ) = √ [ ( t - ts ) / { 0.035 h2 + ( t - ts ) } ] = 0.061
Here, t = Concrete age (days) = 28 day

h = 2Ac / u where ℎ h is the conceptual member dimension, 𝐴 𝑐 Ac is the cross-sectional area (mm²), and 𝑢 u is
ts = Concrete age when exposed to outdoor air = 7 day

h = 400 ㎜ , Ac = 400000 ㎟ , u = 2000 ㎜

 74 of 82 .

a (mm²), and 𝑢 u is the perimeter of the cross-sectional area in contact with outdoor air (mm).
 75 of 82 .

a (mm²), and 𝑢 u is the perimeter of the cross-sectional area in contact with outdoor air (mm).
 76 of 82 .

a (mm²), and 𝑢 u is the perimeter of the cross-sectional area in contact with outdoor air (mm).
 77 of 82 .

a (mm²), and 𝑢 u is the perimeter of the cross-sectional area in contact with outdoor air (mm).
 78 of 82 .

a (mm²), and 𝑢 u is the perimeter of the cross-sectional area in contact with outdoor air (mm).
 79 of 82 .

a (mm²), and 𝑢 u is the perimeter of the cross-sectional area in contact with outdoor air (mm).
3.2 STABILITY CHECK OF FOUNDATION

3.2.1 Soil Bearing Capacity of Foundation 80 of 82 .

1) Soil conditions
(1) Fill layer design parameters
Saturated density γm = 19.0 kN/m3
Saturated state γsat = 20.0 kN/m3
Submerged condition γsub = 10.0 kN/m3
Angle of internal friction Φ = 30.0 º
Cohesion c = 0.0 kN/m2
Groundwater level EL. 2.96 m Maximum observed groundwater level (from borehole observation in ge

(2) Foundation soil conditions

Foundation soil overburde σv = 64.80 kN/m2 (Minimum overburden pressure consideration)
Field investigation N-value N = 22 (BH-9)

(3) Calculation of net load for compensated foundation concept

Subsurface
Minimum Groundwater Foundatio Reaction
stress at the Net load
Classification
surface level table n surface force
foundation (kPa)
EL.(m) EL.(m) EL.(m) (kPa)
surface (kPa)

BH-9 9.28 2.96 2.8 78.52 64.80 13.72

Partial compensated foundation ⇒ Reaction force > Subsurface stress at the foundation surface (Net load 17.5%), de

2)Terzaghi's bearing capacity for shallow foundations

(1) Allowable bearing capacity formula

Qa = 1/Fs · Qult = 1/Fs · (α·c·Nc + β·γ'1·B'·Nγ + γ'2·Df·Nq)

Here, α,β : Shape factor of the foundation (as shown in the table below)
Classification Continuous Square Rectangle Circle
α 1 1.3 1+0.3B'/L' 1.3
β 0.5 0.4 0.5-0.1B'/L' 0.3

α : Foundation shape factor 1.127

β : Foundation shape factor 0.458
γ'1 : Effective unit weight of foundation soil 9.9 kN/m3
γ'2 : Unit weight of the embedment soil 19.0 kN/m3
B : Foundation width 16.2 m
L : Foundation length 38.2 m
Df : Foundation embedment depth
0.0
* Since it is the concept of ultimate bearing capacity, m= 0 is applied.
Df
Nc, Nq, Nr : Foundation bearing capacity factor
a = e (0.75π-φ/2)tanφ = 3.3508
Nq = a2 / 2cos2(45+φ/2) = 22.5
Nc = (Nq-1)cotφ = 37.2
Nr = 0.5tanφ·(Kpr/cos2φ -1) = 19.1
 (2) Allowable bearing capacity calculation result
Qult = 1404.55 kN/m2 81 of 82 .
Fs = 3
Qa = 1/Fs · Qult = 468.18 kN/m2

3) Method based on empirical formula using N-value (Meyhof 1965)

(1) Allowable bearing capacity formula

(a) Qa = 19N'·Kd (B<1.2m)

(b) Qa = 12N'·Kd·{(B+0.3)/B}2 (B≥1.2m)

Here, Kd : Depth factor

Kd = 1+0.33Df/B Df < B (O) Kd = 1.00
Kd = 1.3 Df > B (X)
Df = 0.000 m
B = 16.2 m
N = 22

(2) Allowable bearing capacity calculation result

Since B ≥ 1.2m and Df < B, this condition

Qa applies.
= 12N'·Kd·{(B+0.3)/B}2 = 273.87 kN/m2

4) Bearing capacity of spread foundations (U.S. Navy, 1982)

(1) Bearing capacity based on soil layer (Range of cohesive soil layers)
Unit : kN/m2
Bearing layer Plasticity index RangeRecommended value
Application
Well-graded fine gravel, mixture of
sand and gravel, clayey soil, mixed Very dense 800~1,000 1,000
gravel (GW, GP, SW, SP)
Coarse or medium-grained sand, Very dense 400~600 400
sand with slight gravel content (SW, Medium 200~400 300
SP) Loose 100~300 150 ◎
Fine sand, silty or clayey soil, Very dense 300~500 400
medium-grained coarse sand (SW, Medium 200~400 300
SM, SC) Loose 100~200 150

(2) Allowable bearing capacity based on empirical values

Classified as loose sand based on the characteristics :of 150.00 kN/m2

(3) Selection of allowable bearing capacity

Terzaghi formula 468.18 kN/m2
Empirical method using N-value (Meyhof 1965) 273.87 kN/m2
Allowable bearing capacity based on empirical values (U 150.00 kN/m2
Selection of allowable bearing capacity (minimum val 150.00 kN/m2
→ Net load (13.72 kPa) < Allowable bearing capacity (150 kPa) ∴ OK
3.2.2 Foundation settlement
82 of 82 .
1) Settlement calculation based on elasticity theory

(1) Settlement formula

1-ν2
S = qB Is
E
Here, q : Foundation net load bearing pr = 13.72 kN/m2
B : Foundation width = 16.2 m (Depth to the top of the sedimentary layer)
E : Soil modulus of elasticity = 36,000 kN/m2
ν : Poisson's ratio of soil = 0.3
Is : Elastic settlement influence fa = 1.53 (L/B= 2.4 )

Rigid Flexible foundation

Classification
foundation CentroidExterior centroidCorner Average
Circular foundation 0.79 1.00 0.64 - 0.85
Square foundation 0.88 1.12 0.76 0.56 0.95
L/B=2 1.12 1.53 1.12 0.76 1.30
Spherical
L/B=5 1.60 2.10 1.68 1.05 1.82
foundation
L/B=10 2.00 2.56 2.10 1.28 2.24

(2) Settlement calculation result

S = 0.0086 m = 8.60 mm < 25 mm ∴O.K

2) Schmertmann formula

(1) Settlement formula

S = C₁ㆍC₂ㆍ(q'-q)ㆍ∑Iz/EㆍΔZ
Here C1 = 1 - 0.5ㆍ[q/(q' - q)] if, C1>0.5 = 1.00 (Embedment depth correction factor)
C2 = 1 + 0.2log(t/0.1) = 1.00 (Sand creep correction factor)
q : Effective stress at foundation em = 0.000 kN/m2
* Since it is the concept of ultimate bearing capacity, \( D_f = 0 \) is applied.
q' : Foundation net load bearing pr = 13.72 kN/m2
E : Elastic modulus of the soil = 36,000 kN/m2
Is : Deformation influence factor = 0.275 (Is is calculated as the average value at a depth
*Since the depth of the fill layer is smaller than the foundation width, the settlement is calculated up
Δz : Settlement is calculated to the dept = 64.8 m

(2) Settlement calculation result

S = 0.0068 m = 6.79 mm < 25 mm ∴O.K

(3) Selection of allowable settlement

Settlement calculation based on elasticity 8.60 mm
Method based on the Schmertmann formu 6.79 mm
Selection of settlement (maximum value se 8.60 mm