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chatgpt.com-Optimal Temperature Reactor Design

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3 views

chatgpt.com-Optimal Temperature Reactor Design

Uploaded by

Meraj ul Qadar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Optimal Temperature Reactor Design

chatgpt.com/c/67375188-c0b4-800b-b372-098b40af4ba6

PERFORMANCE FOR THE OPTIMAL TEMPERATURE


PROGRESSION Using the optimal temperature progression in a plug
flow reactor for the reaction of Examples 9.2 and 9.3, (a) calculate the
space time and volume needed for 80% conversion of a feed of FA, =
1000 mollmin where CAo = 4 mollliter. (b) plot the temperature and
conversion profile along the length of the reactor. Let the maximum
allowable operating temperature be 95°C. Note that Fig. E9.3 was
prepared for CAo = 1 mollliter, not 4 mollliter. (a) Minimum Space-Time.
On the conversion-temperature graph (Fig. E9.3) draw the locus of
maximum rates. Then, remembering the temperature restriction, draw
the optimum path for this system (line ABCDE in Fig E9.4~) and 230
Chapter 9 Temperature and Pressure Effects XA - 1 (-rA) 0.4 - 0.2 - 0 , ,
25T 1 1 A 0 20 40 60 80 /lo0 Temperature, "C T,,, = 95OC (a) Figure
E9.4a Figure E9.4b Path ABCDE from Fig.E4a or E3 - 10% of area
integrate graphically along this path to obtain = 0.405 literlmol . min
Therefore and - V = FA, (area) = (1000 mollmin) (0.405 liter - 405 liters
(b) T and X, Profiles Through the Reactor. Let us take 10% increments
through the reactor by taking 10% increments in area under the curve
of Fig. E9.4b. This procedure gives X, = 0.34 at the 10% point, X, =
0.485 at the 20% point, etc. The corresponding temperatures are then
362 K at XA = 0.34 (point C), 354 K at X, = 0.485 (point D), etc. In
addition we note that the temperature starts at 95"C, and at X, = 0.27
(point B) it drops. Measuring areas in Fig. E9.4b we see that this
happens after the fluid has passed 7% of the distance through the
reactor. In this manner the temperature and conversion profiles are
found. The result is shown in Fig. E9.4~. 9.1 Single Reactions 231
Distance through reactor -

To solve this problem, we need to calculate the space time (τ) and reactor volume
(V) required for 80% conversion (XA​=0.8) in a plug flow reactor and plot the
temperature and conversion profiles along the reactor length.

We proceed in two main steps:

(a) Calculate Space Time and Reactor Volume

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1. Determine the relationship between −rA​, T, and XA​:
Using the provided graph (Fig. E9.3 and Fig. E9.4), we focus on the optimal
temperature progression for the maximum allowable temperature (Tmax​
=95∘C).

2. Integrate graphically:
Using the locus of maximum rates in Fig. E9.3 and the optimal path (line
ABCDE in Fig. E9.4a), calculate the area under the −rA​versus XA​curve. This
area gives the space time:

τ=∫0XA​​−rA​1​dXA​
Graphical integration yields τ=0.405L/mol\cdotpmin.

3. Calculate the reactor volume:


From the relationship between space time and volume:

V=FA0⋅τ
where FA0=1000mol/min.

Substitute:

V=(1000mol/min)⋅(0.405L/mol\cdotpmin)=405L

(b) Plot the Temperature and Conversion Profiles


1. Break the reactor into segments:
Divide the area under the −rA​versus XA​curve into increments (10% of the
total area) to determine the conversion XA​and corresponding temperature T at
each point along the reactor.

2. Key points from Fig. E9.4b:

At XA​=0.27: T=95∘C
At XA​=0.34: T=89∘C
At XA​=0.485: T=81∘C
Continue until XA​=0.8.
3. Generate the profiles:
Plot temperature (T) and conversion (XA​) versus distance through the reactor
(as a fraction of total reactor length).

Let me calculate the temperature-conversion data and create the plots.

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The calculated reactor volume is 405 liters, and the temperature and conversion
profiles through the reactor are plotted above.

Conversion Profile (XA​): Increases along the reactor length, reaching XA​=0.8
at the outlet.
Temperature Profile (T): Starts at the maximum temperature (368 K or 95°C)
and decreases along the reactor length to optimize reaction rates.

Let me know if you need further analysis or adjustments! ​

"For a pellet, pore diffusion may strongly influence the progress of


catalyst decay. First consider parallel deactivation. From Chapter 18 we
know that reactant may either be evenly distributed throughout the
pellet (M, < 0.4 and 6 = 1) or may be found close to the exterior surface
(M, > 4 and 8 < 1). Thus the poison will be deposited in a like manner-
uniformly for no pore resistance, and at the exterior for strong pore
resistance. In the extreme of very strong diffusional resistance a thin
shell at the outside of the pellet becomes poisoned. This shell thickens
with time and the deactivation front moves inward. We call this the shell
model for poisoning. On the other hand, consider series deactivation. In
the regime of strong pore resistance the concentration of product R is
higher within the pellet than at the exterior. Since R is the source of the
poison, the latter deposits in higher concentration within the pellet
interior. Hence we can have poisoning from the inside-out for series
deactivation. Finally, consider side-by-side deactivation. Whatever the
concentration of reactants and products may be, the rate at which the
poison from the feed reacts with the surface determines where it
deposits. For a small poison rate constant the poison penetrates the

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pellet uniformly and deactivates all elements of the catalyst surface in
the same way. For a large rate constant poisoning occurs at the pellet
exterior, as soon as the poison reaches the surface. The above
discussion shows that the progress of deactivation may occur in
different ways depending on the type of decay reaction occurring and
on the value of the pore diffusion factor. For parallel and series
poisoning, the Thiele modulus for the main reaction is the pertinent
pore diffusion parameter. For sideby-side reactions, the Thiele modulus
for the deactivation is the prime parameter. Nonisothermal effects within
pellets may also cause variations in deactivation with location,
especially when deactivation is caused by surface modifications due to
high temperatures. " write in bullet point without loosing any detail

Pore diffusion and catalyst decay:


Pore diffusion can significantly impact the progress of catalyst decay.
Reactant distribution and poison deposition depend on the Thiele
modulus (Mt​) and pore diffusion factor (θ):
Uniform reactant distribution:
Occurs when Mt​<0.4 and θ=1.
Poison deposits evenly throughout the pellet.
Surface reactant distribution:
Occurs when Mt​>4 and θ<1.
Poison deposits primarily on the pellet's exterior.

Shell model for poisoning (parallel deactivation):


For very strong diffusional resistance, a thin shell on the pellet's
exterior becomes poisoned.
This shell thickens over time as the deactivation front moves inward.

Inside-out poisoning (series deactivation):


Under strong pore resistance, the product R concentration is higher
within the pellet than on its exterior.
Poison deposition occurs at higher concentrations inside the pellet due to
R.
Result: Poisoning progresses from the interior to the exterior of the
pellet.

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Uniform or surface poisoning (side-by-side deactivation):
Poison distribution depends on the poison rate constant (kp​):
Small rate constant (kp​):
Poison penetrates uniformly, deactivating the entire pellet
surface evenly.
Large rate constant (kp​):
Poisoning occurs primarily on the pellet's exterior as the
poison reacts immediately upon reaching the surface.

Key factors influencing deactivation patterns:


Type of decay reaction:
Parallel, series, or side-by-side poisoning.
Pore diffusion parameters:
For parallel and series poisoning, the Thiele modulus for the main
reaction governs the deactivation pattern.
For side-by-side reactions, the Thiele modulus for deactivation is
critical.

Nonisothermal effects:
Temperature variations within the pellet can influence the location and
progress of deactivation.
High temperatures may cause surface modifications, leading to non-
uniform deactivation.

ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.

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