Solution

BINOMIAL THEOREM TEST

Class 11 - Mathematics

1.
(b) an irrational number
Explanation:
We have (a + b)n + (a - b)n
= [ C a + C a b+ +
n
0
n n
1
n−1 n n
C2 a
n−2
b
2
+
n
C3 a
n−3 3
b + .... + n
Cn b ]
n
+[ n
C0 a
n
−
n
C1 a
n−1
b +
n
C2 a
n−2 2
b - n n−3
C3 a
3
b

+ .... + (−1) ⋅ C b ]
n n
n
n

= 2[ C a + C a b + ....]
n
0
n n
2
n−2 2

–
Let a = √3 and b = 1 and n = 2n + 1
– – – 2n+1 – 2n−1 2 –
Now we get (√3 + 1) + (√3 − 1) = 2[
2n+1 2n+1 2n+1
C0 (√3) +
2n+1
C2 (√3) 1 + C (√3)
2n+1
4
2n−3 4
1 + ....]
– – –
Since there are odd powers of 3 we have ( 3 + 1)
√ √
2n+1
+ (√3 − 1)
2n+1
is always an irrational number.

2.
(c) (n + 2) . 2n-1
Explanation:
Here, C0 + 2C1 + 3C2 + ...+ (n + 1)Cn
= (C0 + C1 + C2 + ... + Cn) + (C1 + 2C2 + 3C3 + ... + nCn)

= 2n + n . 2n-1 = (n + 2) . 2n-1

3.
(c) 99
Explanation:
We have (1 + x)n = 1 + C (x) + C (x) + ....+ (x)nn
1
n
2
2

– – – – – – 5 – 6
Hence (√2 + 1) = 1 + C (√2) + C (√2) + C (√2) + C (√2) + C
6 6
1
6
2
2 6
3
3 6
4
4 6
5 (√2) + (√2)
– – – –
⇒ (√2 + 1) = 1 + 6(√2) + 15 × 2 + 20 × 2(√2) + 15 × 4 + 6 × 4(√2) + 8
6

–
= 99 + 70√2
–
Hence integral part of (√2 + 1) = 99 6

4. (a) x < y
Explanation:
Given x = 9950 + 10050 and y = (101)50
Now y = (101)50 = (100 + 1)50 = 50
C0 (100)
50
+
50
C1 (100)
49
+ 50
C2 (100)
48
+ .... + 50
C50 .....(i)
Also (99)50 = (100 - 1)50 = = C (100) − C (100) 50
0
50 50
1
49
+ 50
C2 (100)
48
- .... + 50
C50 ....(ii)
Now subtract equation (ii) from equation (i), we get
(101)50 - (99)50 = 2 [ 50
C1 (100)
49
+
50
C3 (100)
47
+ …]

50×49×48
= 2 [50(100) 49
+
3×2×1
(100)
47
+ …]

50×49×48
= (100) 50
+ 2(
3×2×1
(100)
47
)

⇒ (101)50 - (99)50 > (100)50

⇒ (101)50 > (100)50 + (99)50
⇒ y > x

5. (a) an irrational number

Explanation:
We have (a + b)n - (a - b)n
=[ n
C0 a
n
+
n
C1 a
n−1
b +
n
C2 a
n−2 2
b + ..... + n
Cn b
n
]-[ n
C0 a
n
−
n
C1 a
n−1
b +
n
C2 a
n−2
b
2
- n
C3 a
n−3 3
b + .... +
(−1)
n n
⋅ Cn b
n
]

1/4
 = 2[ C a b + C a b + .....]
n
1
n−1 n
3
n−3 3

–
Let a = √3 and b = 1 and n = 2n
– – – 2n−1 – 2n−3 3 – 2n−5 5
Now we get (√3 + 1) + (√3 − 1) 2n 2n
= 2[ 2n
C1 (√3) ⋅ 1 +
2n
C3 (√3) 1 + 2n
C5 (√3) 1 + ....]
–
Since odd powers of will make it an irrational number.
√3
– –
Hence we have (√3 + 1) + (√3 − 1) is always an irrational number and it will be positive.
2n 2n

6.
(d) 5n
Explanation:
∑
n

r=0
4 .
r n
Cr =4 0
⋅
n
C0 + 4
1 n
⋅ C1 + 4
2 n
⋅ C2 + ... + 4 n
⋅
n
Cn

= 1 + 4. n
C1 + 4 .
2 n
C2 + .... + 4 n n
⋅ Cn

= (1 + 4)n = 5n

7.
(d) 2 n

Explanation:
Here,we know that C0 + C1 + C2 + ... + Cn = 2n

8.
(b) 4 AB
Explanation:
If A and B denote respectively the sums of odd terms and even terms in the expansion (x + a)n
Then, (x + a)n = A + B ... (i)
(x - a)n = A - B ... (ii)
Squaring and subtraction above equation (ii) from (i) then we get
(x + a)2n - (x - a)2n = (A + B)2 - (A - B)2
⇒ (x + a)2n - (x - a)2n = 4AB

9. (1.1)10000 = (1 + 0.1)10000.
= 1 + 10000C1(0.1) + 10000C2(0.1)2 + 10000C3(0.1)3 + ....
= 1 + 10000 (0.1) + other positive numbers
= 1 + 1000 + other positive numbers
Which is greater than 1000.
Thus (1.1)10000 > 1000
4 4 3 2 2 3 4

= 4Co ( + 4C1 ( + 4C2 ( + 4C3 ( + 4C4 (

−3 −3 −3 −3
10. ( 2x

3
−
3

2x
)
2x

3
)
2x

3
) (
2x
)
2x

3
) (
2x
)
2x

3
)(
2x
)
2x
)

4 3 2
16x 8x −3 9 −27 81
=1× +4× ( ) +6× 4x
(
2
) +4( 2x
)(
3
) +1×( )
81 27 2x 9 4x 3 8x 16x4

[using 4Co = 4C4 = 1, 4C3 = 4C1 = 4 and 4C2 =

4×3×2!
4!

2!2!
=
2×1×2!
= 6]
= 16 4
x - 16
x
2
+6- 9
+ 81

81 9 x2 16x4

11. We have, (1 - x + x2)4 = [(1 - x) + x2]4

= 4C0 (1 - x)4 + 4C1 (1 - x)3 (x2) + 4C2 (1 - x)2 (x2)2 + 4C3 (1 - x) (x2)3 + 4C4 (x2)4

= (1 - x)4 + 4x2 (1 - x)3 + 6x4 (1 - x)2 + 4x6 (1 - x) + x8

= (1 - 4x + 6x2 - 4x3 + x4) + 4x2 (1 - 3x + 3x2 - x2) + 6x4 (1 - 2x + x2) + 4 (1 - x) x6 + x8
= 1 - 4x + 6x2 - 4x3 + x4 + 4x2 - 12x3 + 12x4 - 4x5 + 6x4 - 12x5 + 6x6 + 4x6 - 4x7 + x8
= 1 - 4x + 10x2 - 16x3 + 19x4 - 16x5 + 10x6 - 4x7 + x8
12. 33n - 26n - 1 = 27n - 26n - 1 ... (i)
Now, we have
27n = (1 + 26)n

2/4
 On expanding, we get
(1 + 26)n = n
C0 × 26
0
+
n
C1 × 26
1 n
+ C2 × 26
2 n
+ C3 × 26
3 n
+ C4 × 26
4
+ …
n
Cn × 26
n

⇒ 27n = 1 + 26n + 262 [nC2 + nC3 × 261 + nC4 × 262 + ... nCn × 26n-2]

⇒ 27n - 26n - 1 = 676 ⇒ an integer

27n - 26n - 1 is divisible by 676
Or,
33n - 26n - 1 is divisible by 676 (From (i))
Hence , the given is proved.
13. Here,it is given that
=(0.99)5 + (1.01)5
= (1 - 0.01)5 +(1 + 0.01)5
= 2 [5C0 (0.01)0 + 5C2 (0.01)2 + 5C4 (0.01)]4
= 2 [1 + 10 × 0.0001 + 5 × 0.00000001]
= 2 × 1.00100005 = 2.0020001
14. We have the (r + 1)th term in the expansion is nCrar. Therefore, it can be seen that ar occurs in the (r + 1)th term, and its coefficient

is nCr. Therefore, the coefficients of ar–1, ar and ar+1 are nCr-1, nCr and nCr+1, respectively. Since these coefficients are in

arithmetic progression, so we have, nCr-1 + nCr+1 = 2.nCr it is given

n! n! n!
+ = 2 ×
(r−1)!(n−r+1)! (r+1)!(n−r−1)! r!(n−r)!

i.e. 1
+
1
= 2 ×
1

(r−1)!(n−r+1)(n−r)(n−r−1)! (r+1)(r)(r−1)!(n−r−1)! r(r−1)!(n−r)(n−r−1)!

or 1
[
1
+
1
] = 2 ×
1

(r−1)!(n−r−1)! (n−r)(n−r+1) (r+1)(r) (r−1)!(n−r−1)![r(n−r)]

i.e. 1
+
1
=
2
,
(n−r+1)(n−r) r(r+1) r(n−r)

r(r+1)+(n−r)(n−r+1)
or =
2

(n−r)(n−r+1)r(r+1) r(n−r)

or r(r + 1) + (n – r) (n – r + 1) = 2 (r + 1) (n – r + 1)
or r2 + r + n2 – nr + n – nr + r2 – r = 2(nr – r2 + r + n – r + 1)
or n2 – 4nr – n + 4r2 – 2 = 0
so, n2 – n (4r + 1) + 4r2 – 2 = 0
− −−− −
15. Putting a2 = x and √a 2
− 1 = y we have
−−−−− − −−−−
2 2 4 2 2 4 4 4
(a + √a − 1) + (a − √a − 1) = (x + y ) + (x − y )

4 4 4 3 4 2 2 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 2 4 3 4 4
= [ C0 x + C1 x y + C2 x y + C3 xy + C4 y ] + [ C4 x − C1 x y + C2 x y − C3 xy + C4 y ]

4 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 4
= 2[ C0 x + C2 x y + C4 y ] = 2[x + 6x y + y ]
−−−−− −−−−−
2 4 2 2 2 2 2 4
= 2[(a ) + 6(a ) (√a − 1) +(√a − 1) ]

8 4 2 2 2
= 2[a + 6a (a − 1) + (a − 1) ]

8 6 4 4 2
= 2[a + 6a − 6a + a − 2a + 1]

8 6 4 2
= 2[a + 6a − 5a − 2a + 1]

16. Here (3 + ax)9 =9 C 0 (3)

9 9 8
+ C1 (3) (ax)+ C2 (3) (ax) + C3 (3) (ax) +. . .
9 7 2 9 6 3

9 9 9 8 9 7 2 2 9 6 3 3
= C0 (3) + C1 (3) ⋅ a ⋅ x+ C2 (3) (a) ⋅ x + C3 (3) ⋅ a x +. . .

∴ Coefficient of x = C (3) 2 9
2
7
a
2

Coefficient of x = C (3) a 3 9
3
6 3

It is given that
9 7 2 9 6 3 7 2 6 3
C2 (3) a = C3 (3) a ⇒ 36 ⋅ 3 a = 84 ⋅ 3 ⋅ a
7
36⋅3 108 9
⇒ a=
6
=
84
=
7
.
84⋅3

17. Using binomial theorem

(1 + 2x)6 (1 - x)7 = [ 6 6 6
C0 + C1 (2x)+ C2 (2x) + C3 (2x) + C4 (2x) + C5 (2x) + C6 (2x) ]
2 6 3 6 4 6 5 6 6

7 7 7 2 7 3 7 4 7 5 7 6 7 7
[ C0 − C1 (x)+ C2 (x) − C3 (x) + C4 (x) − C5 (x) + C6 (x) − C7 (x) ]

= [1 + 12x + 60x2 + 160x3 + 240x4 + 192x5 + 64x6] [1 - 7x + 21x2 - 35x3 + 35x4 - 21x5+ 7x6 - x7]
∴ Coefficient of x5 in the product

3/4
= (1 × −21) + (12 × 35) + (60 × −35) +(160 × 21) + (240 × −7) + (192 × 1)

= -21 + 420 - 2100 + 3360 - 1680 + 192 = 171

4/4