e-ISSN: 2582-5208

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:05/Issue:04/April-2023 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com

SPEED CONTROL OF 3 PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR USING VFD AND IOT

Mrunal Shikhare*1, Lavanya Kadam*2, Dhanashree Judpe*3, Sweety Pounikar*4,
Harshada Waghmare*5, Prof Sakshi D. Khadse*6
*1,2,3,4,5,6Nagpur Institute Of Technology , Nagpur, India.
ABSTRACT
Induction motors are commonly used in many industries and domestic applications.it is a simple and efficient
method to control the speed because speed depends upon voltage, pole and frequency. Poles are fixed inbuilt in
the motor so it cannot change and speed control through VFD is a simple and energy efficient method. They are
used commonly in many open-loop control applications due to their low cost and efficiency, less maintenance,
simplicity and easy manufacture. In the past conventional speed control methods were used to control the
speed of the DC motors, But D C motors have commutator and brushes which require more maintenance and
hazardous. With android application which uses mobile WIFI to connect to the network of the control circuit
IOT based monitoring and control of Induction Motor parameters like temperature, speed, current, voltage etc.
It can be monitored remotely for better reliability and efficiency. The data can be control from anywhere
through WIFI. Bluetooth modem is interfaced with the ESP-32 Microcontroller. The WIFI module sends the
signal to the Microcontroller. This way speed can be easily control and maintained as per the required values.
Keywords: Three-phase induction motor, VFD, Speed control, IoT.
I. INTRODUCTION
The objective of this work is to control the speed of a three-phase motor and keep it at its rated speed by means
of a control system. At present, the induction motor is the most widely used type of motor in all fields. The
induction of an induction motor was developed by the great scientist Nikola Tesla. The main advantage of an
induction motor is that its speed can be easily controlled, as it has good speed control, sustainable overload and
high starting torque. A three-phase induction motor is basically a constant-speed motor. It's widely used in
industry due to its low cost and robust design. Speed control means changing the drive speed according to the
process to maintain different process parameters under different loads. In this paper, IOT based induction
motor monitoring parameters such as voltage, current, speed and temperature based on sensors and clouds are
presented and the speed of induction motor is controlled using PWM technique. The parameters are monitored
and displayed in LCD and microcontroller and connected to an induction motor using IOT via the VFD, where
the speed of the motor can be varied from zero to the mains frequency. Many factories use programmable logic
controllers in automation processes to minimize production costs while increasing quality and reliability.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
To improve product quality, many industrial applications require a constant or controllable speed.
Due to rapid advances in automation and processes, controlling the range of variable speed drives has become
a necessity. According to the latest technology, there are several alternative methods for selecting the speed of
the drive system.
Until the 1980s, DC motors were the preferred choice for
variable-speed drives. In most applications, such as automotive control, industrial drives, etc.
Asynchronous motors are used. Motors are used in industrial and residential applications worldwide.
Electricity is the most powerful tool to drive a motor. Induction motors are the most widely used due to their
large number of applications, but there is a need to eliminate the problems associated with the induction motor
and make it run very efficiently. Therefore, a VFD automatically controls the speed of the induction motor
through a controller. This is a simple and efficient way to control the speed, since the speed depends on the
voltage pole and frequency. This technique has been implemented in hardware so that it is robust and easy to
implement.

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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:05/Issue:04/April-2023 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com

III. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

IV. CIRCUIT COMPONENTS

4.1 HARDWARE
1. ESP-32 Microcontroller
2. DELTA VFD
3. IC7805 - Voltage Regulator
4. SPDT Relay
5. SMPS 12V DC
6. LCD Display
7. Opto-Coupler
8. ARDUINO Board
9. Single Phase Induction Motor
4.2 SOFTWARE
1. Arduino IDE
Variable Frequency Drive (VFD): A variable frequency drive (VFD) is a type of motor drive used in
electromechanical drive systems to control AC motor speed and torque by varying the motor input frequency
and, depending on earth science, controlling the associated voltage or current variations. The figure above
shows that a frequency converter controls the speed of a AC motor by varying the frequency supplied to The
frequency converter also adjusts the output voltage in relation to the output frequency to ensure a relatively
constant ratio of voltage to frequency (V/Hz), as required by the characteristics of the AC motor to produce
adequate torque. 1-phase 230 V AC supply to the VFD (delta). We use a VFD with INPUT - 1 HP, 4.2 A, 1.6 KVA
0.7 KW. Frequency range: 0.1 to 400 Hz. A type of motor control that drives an electric motor by varying its
power supply frequency and voltage
3-phase Induction motor: The motor is used to convert an electrical form of energy into a mechanical form.
Depending on the type of supply, motors are divided into AC and DC. The asynchronous motor, especially the
three-phase asynchronous motor, is usually an AC motor used to generate mechanical energy in industrial
applications. Of all industry motors, nearly 80% are three-phase induction motors. Therefore, an induction
motor is the most important motor among all other types of motors. The motor is used as a 3PH induction
motor KW 0.37 HP 0.5, Hz-50 RPM: 1350 A 3-phase induction motor is an electromechanical energy conversion
device that converts electrical input power into mechanical output power.
Voltage Regulator – IC7805: IC7805 (voltage regulator) IC’s that can be used for the regulation of voltage are
called voltage regulator ICs. IC7805 is a member of 78xx series of regulator ICs. It’s a fixed linear voltage
regulator. It also has a provision for heat sink. The input voltage given to this voltage regulator is 12V and
this IC gives a constant 5V as output. In IC7805 the first two digits “78” represents the positive series voltage
regulators and last two digits “05” represents the value of fixed(+5V) DC regulated output voltage.

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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:05/Issue:04/April-2023 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com
ESP32 microcontroller: ESP32 is a low-cost, low-power Microcontroller with an integrated Wi-Fi and
Bluetooth. It is the successor to the ESP8266 which is also a low-cost Wi-Fi microchip albeit with limited vastly
limited functionality.
The ESP32 has quickly emerged as a community favourite due to its low cost, low energy consumption, and
wireless connectivity features, making it suitable for Internet of Things (IoT) projects.
Optocoupler (MOC3021): It is an opto-triac, used for isolation between power and driving circuitry. When
the applied voltage is greater than 0.7V, opto-triac will be triggered. As the opto-triac is triggered now, the
positive or negative voltage (whichever is applied) will pass through the gate of the TRIAC BT136 and hence
triggers it. By using this arrangement, the RMS voltage in both directions can be controlled. Provided that the
triggering time or firing angle is taken care of.
Arduino Software: It works in a very simple way. These are called inputs, and they can be nearly anything
from on/off signals, variable voltage signals, or communication from another controller. You can give command
to your Arduino board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To do so
you use the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software (IDE), based on
Processing.
SPDT Relay: It is a high-quality Single Pole Double Throw Relay (SPDT). The Relay consists of a coil, 1 common
terminal, 1 normally closed terminal, and one normally open terminal. When the coil of the relay is at rest (not
energized), the common terminal and the normally closed terminal have continuity.
SMPS: SMPS, or switcher) is an electronic power supply that incorporates a switching regulator to convert
electrical power efficiently.
V. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

VI. METHODOLOGY
The power supply from the mains is single-phase 230V and must be downclocked to 12V DC. A variable
frequency drive controls the speed of an AC motor by varying the frequency supplied to the motor. LM7805; a
3-pole voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation and provides 5V DC constant supply. This 5V DC is
passed to the ESP32 microcontroller which operates on it. Parallel communication is done by connecting 32
pins of the microcontroller to the 16*2 LCD display. A current is first applied to the Optocoupler, which makes
the infrared LED emit a light that's proportional to the current. A potentiometer is used to adjust the contrast
of the display. The required code is written in the Arduino software and uploaded to the microcontroller board.
The code is written in such a way that a PWM signal is generated and can also be controlled by the ESP-32
microcontroller. By applying a trigger pulse with a controlled phase angle in a AC cycle (via PWM) allows us to
control the voltage and thus the speed of the motor. "IoT Remote" is the Android application installed on the
phone that uses the wi-fi of the Android phone. On the other hand, the control circuit of the motor also contains
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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:05/Issue:04/April-2023 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com
a Bluetooth module that is inbuilt in microcontroller.
6.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

The concept of Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) was used. To a motor driven system, a Variable Frequency
Drive (VFD) was added so that potential energy saving can be done in a System in which the load varies with
time. The main advantage of opting for VFD in applications are that it can provide energy saving and also a
speed reduction by 20% can save energy of up to 50%. By changing the frequency of the motor supply voltage,
the operating speed of the motor that is connected to a VFD is
varied. Therefore, this method allows continuous process speed control.
6.2 PROGRAMS
#include "thingProperties.h"
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
const int rs = 17, en = 18, d4 = 19, d5 = 21, d6 = 22, d7 = 23;
LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);
int frequency;
bool fwd_rev;
bool run_stop;
#define run_stop_relay 33
#define fwd_rev_relay 32
#define speed_1 26
#define speed_2 27
#define speed_3 14
#define speed_4 12
#define speed_5 13

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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:05/Issue:04/April-2023 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com
#define speed_6 15
#define speed_7 2
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(speed_1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(speed_2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(speed_3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(speed_4, OUTPUT);
pinMode(speed_5, OUTPUT);
pinMode(speed_6, OUTPUT);
pinMode(speed_7, OUTPUT);
pinMode(fwd_rev_relay, OUTPUT);
pinMode(run_stop_relay, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(speed_1, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_2, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_3, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_4, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_5, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_6, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_7, LOW);
digitalWrite(fwd_rev_relay, LOW);
digitalWrite(run_stop_relay, LOW);
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(2, 0)
lcd.print("ROBOLTZ INC.");
delay(1500);
initProperties();
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("CONNECTING....")
// Connect to Arduino IoT Cloud
ArduinoCloud.begin(ArduinoIoTPreferredConnection);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("3PH MOTOR CNTRL");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("WITH VFD & IoT");
setDebugMessageLevel(2);
ArduinoCloud.printDebugInfo();
run_stop = 0;
fwd_rev = 0;
frequency = 0;
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();

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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:05/Issue:04/April-2023 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com
lcd.setCursor(7, 0);
lcd.print("|");
lcd.setCursor(7, 1);
lcd.print("|");
}
void loop() {
ArduinoCloud.update();
}
//===================FUNCTIONS===============//
void onRunStopChange() {
if(run_stop == true)
{
Serial.println("RUN");
digitalWrite(run_stop_relay, HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(1, 0);
lcd.print("RUN ");
}else{
Serial.println("STOP");
digitalWrite(run_stop_relay, LOW);
lcd.setCursor(1, 0);
lcd.print("STOP");
}
}
void onFwdRevChange() {
if(fwd_rev == true)
{
Serial.println("REV");
digitalWrite(fwd_rev_relay, HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(1, 1);
lcd.print("REV");
}else{
Serial.println("FWD");
digitalWrite(fwd_rev_relay, LOW);
lcd.setCursor(1, 1);
lcd.print("FWD");
}
}
void onFrequencyChange() {
Serial.print("Freq=");
Serial.print(frequency);
Serial.println(" Hz");
lcd.setCursor(10, 0);
lcd.print("FREQ.");
if((frequency >= 1) && (frequency <= 8))

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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:05/Issue:04/April-2023 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com
{
frequency = 8;
digitalWrite(speed_2, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_3, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_4, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_5, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_6, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_7, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_1, HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(9, 1);
lcd.print("7.9 ");
}else{
if((frequency >= 9) && (frequency <= 17))
{
frequency = 16;
digitalWrite(speed_1, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_3, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_4, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_5, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_7, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_6, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_2, HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(9, 1);
cd.print("15.5");
}else{
if((frequency >= 18) && (frequency <= 24))
{
frequency = 23;
digitalWrite(speed_1, LOW);;
digitalWrite(speed_2, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_4, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_5, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_6, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_7, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_3, HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(9, 1);
lcd.print("23.2");
}else{
if((frequency >= 25) && (frequency <= 32))
{
frequency = 31;
digitalWrite(speed_1, LOW);;
digitalWrite(speed_2, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_3, LOW);

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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:05/Issue:04/April-2023 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com
digitalWrite(speed_5, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_6, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_7, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_4, HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(9, 1);
lcd.print("30.8");
}else{
if((frequency >= 33) && (frequency <= 40))
{
frequency = 39;
digitalWrite(speed_1, LOW);;
digitalWrite(speed_2, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_3, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_4, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_6, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_5, HIGH);
digitalWrite(speed_7, LOW);
lcd.setCursor(9, 1);
lcd.print("38.7");
}else{
if((frequency >= 41) && (frequency <= 50))
{
frequency = 47;
digitalWrite(speed_1, LOW);;
digitalWrite(speed_3, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_4, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_5, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_2, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_6, HIGH);
digitalWrite(speed_7, LOW);
lcd.setCursor(9, 1);
lcd.print("46.9");
}else{
frequency = 0;
digitalWrite(speed_1, LOW);;
digitalWrite(speed_3, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_4, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_5, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_6, LOW)
digitalWrite(speed_2, LOW);
digitalWrite(speed_7, LOW);
lcd.setCursor(9, 1);
lcd.print("0.0 ");
} } } }

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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:05/Issue:04/April-2023 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com
}
}
lcd.setCursor(14, 1);
lcd.print("Hz");
}
VII. OBSERVATION AND RESULTS

The motor can be controlledusing the computer and Android using the IoT Remote Application.
VIII. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages
 Maintenance is less..
 Easy speed control.
 AC motor is less expensive.
 Provide low speed starting facility
 Save energy
 Reduce thermal and mechanical stress.
 It supports remote control of 3phase induction motor.
Disadvantages
 It does not support graphical user interphase modules to display current working status.
 Power converter for AC motor are more complicated.
IX. APPLICATIONS
 In industries for improving the product quality, it requires
 varying the speed as well as constant speed.
 Using android application intensity of light can be controlled.
X. CONCLUSION
This method of speed control of a three-phase induction motor that is using variable frequency and Internet of
things. Inductive loads are extensively used in industries due to so many applications. It is very important to
make some smart systems. For this a smart panel is set which aims to operate the loads both manually and
through IOT. The IOT controlling system is very efficient and more comfortable which we can use from
anywhere through Wi-Fi. It is a more easy and quick operating system compared to a manual system because
there will be no need for anybody to be available physically. This will not only save the cost of labor but also
make the system smart. This system is very much helpful to industries for controlling purposes and may be
extended in future to work on all the types of faults in the motor and their reverse and forward operation
through IoT.

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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:05/Issue:04/April-2023 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com
XI. FUTURE SCOPE
The main purpose of this project is to control the speed of 3 phase induction motor by using VFD and IoT. The
basic components used to control the speed are VFD, 32Bit microcontroller with IoT functionality and IoT
Remote cloud sensor. The advantage of this system is that, it supports remote control of 3phase induction
motor from Anywhere. This system has limitation, that is does not support graphical user interphase modules
to display current working status. This can be achieved by the use of HMI and SCADA system to increase
functionality.

XII. REFERENCES
[1] Mehmet Şen, Basri Kul, “IoT-Based Wireless Induction Motor Monitoring”, International Scientific
Conference Electronics - ET2017, Sozopol, Bulgaria , September 13 - 15, 2017.
[2] V.S. D Rekha, Dr. K.Srinivasa Ravi, “Induction Motor Condition Monitoring and Controlling Based on IoT” ,
International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System, vol 6, Issue 9, pp. 74-89,
September 2015.
[3] Geetha P, V.Saravanan,“Online Parameter Monitoring Of Induction Motor Using Wireless
Network“,International Journal on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering (IJACTE), Vol1, Issue 2,
2012, pp.1-8
[4] Mr. B. N. Patil , Mr. Sandesh Sonar , Mr. Pavankumar Karadiguddi , Mr. Shivanand Banti - Speed Control
Single Phase Induction Motor Using Android, International Journal of Engineering and Techniques -
Volume 2, May June 2016.
[5] Derek A. Paice, project on “Induction Motor Speed Control by Stator Voltage Control”IEEE Transactions on
Power Apparatus and Systems ( Volume: PAS-87, Issue: 2, Feb.1968).
[6] AL-Naib, Ahmed MT Ibraheem(2017), Speed Control of Three-Phase Induction Motor Based on V/F
Technique, AlKitab Journal for Pure Sciences 1, no. 1, 1-10
[7] Konate, C., A. Kosonen, J. Ahola, M. Machmoum, and J. F.Diouris(2009), Induction motor speed control
using power line communication, IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its
Applications, pp, 261-266.
[8] R. P. Chaudhari and Mahesh K. Chopade,"Ethernet Based Field Control Module for Industrial Process
Monitor and Control Using ATmega328,"
[9] IEEE International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP), pp. 2098-2101, Apr. 6-8,
2016.
[10] Miss Sandhya H. Choudhari, Mr. Sunil K. khode, “Industrial automation through RF base multi-channel
wireless remote controller,” International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), vol. 1,
no. 6, pp. 1-5, Jun.-Dec. 2016.

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