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srinivascbit
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DIGITAL

COMMUNICATIONS
(21A040414)

LECTURE NOTES
B.TECH
(III YEAR – I SEM)
(2024-25)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

PARVATHAREDDY BABUL REDDY


VISVODAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE
(AUTONOMOUS)
(Affiliated to J.N.T.U.A, Approved by AICTE and Accredited by NAAC)

Kavali – 524201, S.P.S.R Nellore Dist., A.P. India. Ph: 08626-243930.


III B.TECH – I SEM DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS (R21)

Course Code L T P C
DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS
21A040414 (Electronics and Communication Engineering) 3 0 0 3

Pre-requisite Signals & Systems Semester V

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

 To understand the key modules of digital communication systems with emphasis on


digital modulation techniques.
 To get introduced to the concept and basics of information theory and the basics of
source and channel coding/decoding.
 To prepare mathematical background for communication signal analysis.
 To study signal flow in a digital communication system.
 To analyze error performance of a digital communication system in presence of noise
and other interferences.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

At the end of this course, student will be able to


CO1: Apply the fundamentals concepts of sampling theorem along with different coding and
modulation techniques in communication systems. (K3)
CO2: Differentiate the basic principles of baseband and passband digital modulation
schemes. (K4)
CO3: Employ the Geometric Representation of Signals in Signal Space. (K3)
CO4: Analyze the different modulation & demodulation for band pass data
transmission and their probability of error. (K4)
CO5: Apply different channel encoding techniques for error detection and correction. (K3)

MAPPING WITH COs & POs:

PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO1 PO1 PO1 PSO PSO


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2
CO 3 2 - - - - - - - - -
3
1 3 2
CO 3 3 - - - - - - - - -
3
2 3 2
CO 3 2 - - - - - - - - -
3
3 3 2
CO 3 3 - - - - - - - - -
3
4 3 2
CO 3 2 - - - - - - - - -
3
5 3 2

UNIT I (14 Hrs.)

PBR VITS, KAVALI | ECE DEPT.


III B.TECH – I SEM DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS (R21)

Source Coding Systems: Introduction, sampling process, quantization, quantization noise,


conditions for optimality of quantizer, encoding, Pulse-Code Modulation (PCM), Line codes,
Differential encoding, Regeneration, Decoding & Filtering, Noise considerations in PCM
systems, Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM), Synchronization, Delta modulation (DM)-
Granular noise Slope over distortion, Differential PCM (DPCM), Processing gain, Adaptive
DPCM (ADPCM), Comparison of the above systems, Illustrative Problems.

Learning Outcomes: At the end of this unit, the student will be able to
 Understand source coding techniques & pulse modulation techniques. (L1)
 Describe and determine the performance of line codes. (L2)
 Analyze different pulse modulation techniques &Distortions. (L3)
 Compare the performance different pulse modulation Schemes. (L5)

UNIT II (12 Hrs.)


Baseband Pulse Transmission: Introduction, Matched filter, Properties of Matched filter,
Matched filter for rectangular pulse, Error rate due to noise, Inter-symbol Interference (ISI),
Nyquist’s criterion for distortion less baseband binary transmission, ideal Nyquist channel, raised
cosine filter & its spectrum, Correlative coding – Duo binary & Modified duo binary signalling
schemes, Partial response signalling, Baseband M-ary PAM transmission, Eye diagrams,
Illustrative Problems.

Learning Outcomes: At the end of this unit, the student will be able to
 Analyze the performance of baseband pulse transmission system. (L3)
 Describe the generation & detection of pass band modulated signals. (L2)
 Analyze probability of error for various pass band data transmission schemes. (L3)
 Compare the power bandwidth required for various pass band data transmission scheme.
(L4)

UNIT III (10 Hrs.)


Signal Space Analysis: Introduction, Geometric representation of signals, Gram-Schmidt
orthogonalization procedure, Response of bank of correlators to noisy input, Coherent detection
of signals in noise - maximum likelihood decoder, Probability of error, Correlation receiver,
detection of signals with unknown phase, Illustrative Problems.

Learning Outcomes: At the end of this unit, the student will be able to
 Understand the concepts of signal space analysis. (L1)
 Examine the characteristics of maximum likelihood decoder. (L2)
 Analyze correlation receiver. (L3)
UNIT IV (13 Hrs.)
Passband Data Transmission: Introduction, Passband transmission model, Coherent
modulation schemes- Generation and detection of binary phase shift keying (BPSK), Quadrature
shift keying (QPSK), and Binary Frequency shift keying (BFSK). Analysis of probability of error for
BPSK, QPSK, BFSK, Power spectra of above mentioned modulated signals. M-ary PSK, Mary
quadrature amplitude modulation (M-ary QAM), Non-coherent orthogonal modulation schemes -
Generation and detection of non-coherent BFSK, DPSK - analysis of probability of error and
Comparison of power bandwidth requirements for all the above schemes, Illustrative Problems.
PBR VITS, KAVALI | ECE DEPT.
III B.TECH – I SEM DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS (R21)

Learning Outcomes: At the end of this unit, the student will be able to
 Analyse the different digital modulation techniques, generation and detection, power
spectra and their probability of error performance. (L3)
 Compare the power bandwidth, bit error probability for various modulation scheme.(L5)

UNIT V (11 Hrs.)

Channel Coding: Discrete memory less channels, Linear Block Codes-Repetition codes,
Syndrome decoding, minimum distance considerations, Cyclic codes- generator polynomial,
parity check polynomial, encoder for cyclic code, calculation of syndrome, Convolutional Codes
– generator polynomials, state diagrams, Viterbi algorithm, Illustrative problems.

Learning Outcomes: At the end of this unit, the student will be able to
 Understand various error control encoding and decoding techniques. (L1)
 Apply information theory and linear algebra in source coding and channel coding. (L2)
 Analyse the performance of error control codes. (L3)

Textbooks:
1. Simon Haykin, “Communication Systems”, Wiley India Edition, 4th Edition, 2011.
2. B.P. Lathi, & Zhi Ding, “Modern Digital & Analog Communication Systems”, 4th
edition,Oxford University Press, International 2010.

References:
1. Sam Shanmugam, “Digital and Analog Communication Systems”, 3 rd Edition, John
Wiley,2005.
2. Bruce Carlson, and Paul B. Crilly, “Communication Systems – An Introduction to
Signals & Noise in Electrical Communication”, 5 th Edition, McGraw-Hill International
Edition, 2010. M. Kulkarni, “Microwave and Radar Engineering”, Umesh Publications, 4 th
edition 2009.
3. Bernard Sklar, “Digital Communications”, 2nd edition, Prentice-Hall PTR, 2001.

PBR VITS, KAVALI | ECE DEPT.


III B.TECH – I SEM DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS (R21)

PBR VITS, KAVALI | ECE DEPT.

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