GUIMARAS STATE UNIVERSITY

GRADUATE SCHOOL

Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, the respondents, the

data gathering procedures, research instruments, data analysis, and

statistical tools that will be used in this study.

Research Design

This study which determined the Budgeting Strategies and

Practices of School Heads in Schools Division of Guimaras,Province of

Guimaras in School Year 2023-2024 when taken as a whole and when

classified according to age, sex,position,length of service, and

educational attainment will utilize descriptive research design.

According to McCombes (2022) “descriptive research design is

accurately and systematically describing a population, situation or

phenomenon.” It answered what, where, when and how questions, but

not why questions.”

Fraenkel and Wallen (2020) explained that this design is suitable

for studies that aim to provide a broad overview of the features of a

study population at a specific point in time.

Based on Gabion (2018), descriptive research design was used in

researches which concerns with the condition or relations that

exist,practices that prevail,beliefs or attitudes that is being felt.

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This is considered appropriate since this research design allows

the researcher to gather information about the Budgeting Strategies

and Practices in the Schools Division of Guimaras.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study will be the total population of 77 public

elementary school heads in the SDO Guimaras for the School Year 2023-

2024. The respondents of the study will be categorized according to age, civil

status, position, educational attainment, and years of experience as school

head. As to age, young will be those who are 40 years old and below while

old respondents will be more than 40 years old. The respondents will be

identified as single, married or widowed. They will be classified as to position

as either holder of head teacher or principal rank. On educational attainment,

they will be categorized as Bachelors Degree, with Units in Masters, Masters

Degree, with Units in Doctorate or Doctorate Degree. The experience as

school head will be categorized as to short years (less than 10 years) and

long years (more than 10 years).

Table 1. The Distribution of the Respondents

District N %

District of Jordan I 10 16.67

District of Jordan 2 9 15.0

District of San Lorenzo North 7 11.67

District of San Lorenzo South 6 10.0

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District of Nueva Valencia North 8 13.33

District of Nueva Valencia South 8 13.33

District of Sibunag 1 8 13.33

District of Sibunag 2 4 6.67

Total 60 100.00

Data Gathering Instrument

The study will use a researcher-made questionnaire in Likert

scale as an instrument in gathering data. The questionnaire will be

consisted of three parts. Part I will be on the profile of the respondents.

These include their personal information as variables to be used in the

study like age, civil status, position, educational attainment and years

of experience as school head. Part II of the instrument will be

questionnaire on budgeting strategies in Likert scale with a scale of

one to five. The items in the questionnaire will be based on DepEd

Orders on the Guidelines on the use of school MOOE and Philippine

Professional Standards for School Heads (PPSSH) as well as sources

from related studies reviewed that of Quezon (2023) and Espiritu

(2020). The items in the questionnaire were modified and enhanced to

fit the needs of the study. Part III of the questionnaire will be about the
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budgeting practices of school heads in managing the finances of the

school.

The scale of the means on the Budgeting Strategies of the school

head will be

Mean Description Interpretation

4.21-5.00 Very Great School Heads have
Extent exceptionally high level of
Budgeting Strategies
3.41-4.20 Great Extent School Heads have above
average level of Budgeting
Strategies
2.61-3.40 Moderate School Heads have average
Extent level of Budgeting Strategies
1.81-2.60 Low Extent School Heads have limited
level of of Budgeting
Strategies
1.00-1.80 Very Low School Heads have
Extent insignificant level of
Budgeting Strategies

The scale of the means on the Budgeting Practices of the school

head will be:

Mean Description Interpretation

4.21-5.00 Very Great School Heads have
Extent exceptionally high level of
Budgeting Practices
3.41-4.20 Great Extent School Heads have above
average level of Budgeting
Practices
2.61-3.40 Moderate School Heads have average
Extent level of Budgeting Practices
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1.81-2.60 Low Extent School Heads have limited

level of of Budgeting
Practices
1.00-1.80 Very Low School Heads have
Extent insignificant level of
Budgeting Practices

Validity of the Research Instrument

Prior to the determination of the validity of the guide questions

made by the researcher, questionnaires will be submitted for review

and modification by a panel of jurors who are considered for their

expertise in the field of research, testing and assessment. Validity

refers to the appropriateness, meaningfulness, correctness and

usefulness of inferences that a researcher makes. (Frankel and Wallen,

2020).

The comments, corrections and suggestions of the validators

regarding the items of the checklist will be considered in the

preparation of the final draft before reliability testing.

Reliability of the Research Instrument

After incorporating the validator’s suggestions on the validity of the

instrument, the researcher tried out the instrument among the 30

School Heads in the selected schools in the Jordan I and II in Schools

Division of Guimaras.
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According to Borro (2015), reliability refers to the consistency of

scores or answers from one administration of one instrument to

another and from one set of items to another. It also refers to the

consistency of score given by the individual to whom the instrument

will be administered.

Data Gathering Procedure

The data instrument used to gather the data will be the researcher-

made questionnaire.

Permit from the Schools Division Superintendent, District

Supervisors, and School Heads will be obtained to allow the researcher

to conduct the study. The researcher will personally go to the different

schools, passing through the school district offices for proper protocol.

The official list of school heads in each district will be taken from the

Planning Section of the Division Office. In the conduct of the study,

ethical consideration will be given utmost consideration. The

researcher will followed appropriate protocol and observed ethical

considerations.

The researcher formulated a consent form and requested the

participants to sign before engaging in the research. All data collected

will be kept confidential.

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The data gathered will be subjected to quantitative analysis, tallied,

tabulated and interpreted.

Statistical Tools Used

Both descriptive and inferential statistics will used in this study.

For descriptive analysis, the frequency count, percentage and mean

were employed.

Frequency Count. This will be used to get an arrangement of

statistical data that exhibited the frequency of the occurrence of the

value of a variable (Meriam-Webster Dictionary, 2020). This was used

in profiling the respondents according to their demographic profiles.

Percentage Distribution. The percentage will be used in

describing the distribution of the respondents’ classification compared

to the total population.

For inferential analysis, Kruskal Wallis H-Test, Mann-Whitney (U-

Test), and Spearman rho were employed.

Mean. It was the sum total weighted scores of all items in the

checklist divided the total number of items (Borro 2015). This will be

used to determine the average responses of the respondents on the

specific item in the questionnaires. The mean will also be used to get

the average responses of the respondents as they will be classified

according to their demographic profiles in their responses.

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In inferential statistics, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskall-Wallis H-

test, Spearmans’ rho-correlation was employed.

Mann-Whitney (U-test). The objectives of the rank sum test of

two populations, when two random samples could have come from the

population with the same mean

In this study, Mann-Whitney (u-test) will be used to find out the

Budgeting Strategies and Practices of School Heads when the

respondents will be classified according to sex and educational

attainment.

Kruskall-Wallis (H-test). The objectives of the rank sum test of

more than two categories of variables is to test whether the K random

samples could have come from the population with the same mean.

In this study, Kruskal-Wallis (H-test) will be used to find-out the

differences in Budgeting Strategies and Practices of School Heads

when the respondents will be classified according to age, position and

length of service.

Spearman Rho Correlation.This is a non parametric test to

measure the strength of association between two variables.

In this study Spearman Rho will be used to determine the

significance of the relationship between the Budgeting Strategies and

Practices of School Head

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