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Laboratory 5 Integumentary

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28 views6 pages

Laboratory 5 Integumentary

Uploaded by

John Victor Tambis
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LABORATORY NO.

5
THE INTEGUMENT

Scope of Laboratory Activity


This laboratory exercise consists of four (4) worksheets:
Worksheet no. 1 Macroscopic and microscopic structures of the skin
Worksheet no. 2 Accessory structures of the skin
Worksheet no. 3 Functions of the skin
Worksheet no. 4 Skin glands

Overview
The skin is the largest organ in human body. We have learned that it is made up of tissues to
perform functions that protect our body and maintain homeostasis. In this laboratory activity,
you will be able to appreciate the importance of the different components of skin and how it its
physiologic response works.

Objectives
After completing this exercise, you should be able to:
1. Identify the different components and layers of the skin.
2. Describe the functions of the skin.
3. Describe the characteristics and functions of glands located in the skin.

Materials:
Black felt-tipped marker Bond paper (1cm x 1cm)
Red felt-tipped marker Scissors
Iodine Solution tape
Worksheet no. 1 Macroscopic and microscopic structures of the skin

A. Label the skin and accessory structures indicated in the diagrams below.
Write your answers on the space provided using the choices given on the left side.

Figure 5. 1a Diagram of the skin and accessory structures


1. ______________________________________

2. ______________________________________ •Apocrine sweat gland


3. ______________________________________
•Arrector pili muscle
• Eccrine sweat gland
4. ______________________________________ • Hair bulb
• Hair follicle
5. ______________________________________ • Hair root
6. ______________________________________ • Hair shaft
•Papilla of hair
7. ______________________________________ •Sebaceous gland
8. ______________________________________

9. ______________________________________
B. Identify what is being described below. Write your answers on the space provided.
___________________ 1. This is the layer of epidermis where there is the most rapid
cell division.
____________________2. This layer of the skin includes scale like dead cells, full of
keratin, that constantly slough off.
____________________3. This is the layer where melanocytes and tactile (Merkel)
cells are located
____________________4. It is a areolar connective tissue layer found in thick skin
but absent in thin skin.
____________________5. This is a dermal layer responsible for fingerprints
____________________6. It is the layer where web-like pre-keratin filaments
appears.
___________________ 7. It is the major skin area as a whole that produces
derivatives (nails and hair)

Worksheet no. 2 Accessory structures of the skin

Figure 5.1b Diagram of nail Structure


(a) Dorsal view

1. __________________________________ • eponychium (eh-poh-NICK-ee-um)

2. __________________________________ • free edge

3. __________________________________ • lunula
• nail body
4. __________________________________
(b) Sagittal section through finger
5. __________________________________
• eponychium
6. __________________________________
• free edge
7. __________________________________
• hyponychium (hypo-NICK-ee-um)
8. __________________________________
• lunula (loon-you-luh)
9. _________________________________
• nail root
10.C. __________________________________
• nail body
11. __________________________________

Worksheet no. 3 Functions of the skin


• nail matrix
1.Name four protective functions of the skin
a. _____________________ c. _____________________
b._____________________ d.______________________
2. How does the skin help to regulate body temperature? (Describe two different
mechanisms.)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________
3. Testing Tactile Localization
In the succeeding activities, you should be able to get a partner (anyone from household)
to get the activities done. One person will be the subject and the other as the
experimenter.
a. The subject’s eyes should be closes during the testing. The experimenter
touched the palm of the subject’s hand with a pointed black felt-tipped
marker. The subject should then try to touch the exact point with his or her
own marker, which should be different color (preferably red). Measure the
error or localization millimeters.
b. Repeat no. 1 in the same spot twice, recording the error of localization for
each test. Compute for the avers of the results of the three determination and
record.
c. Repeat above procedure but in different part of the body. A) fingertip, B)
forearm, C) back of hand and D) back of neck
d. Record the results in a table and answer the questions below
Questions:
1. Does the ability to localize the stimulus improve the second time or third time?
Explain
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2. Which are has the smallest error of localization (most sensitive to touch)?
_________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Worksheet no. 4 Skin glands
Plotting the distribution of Sweat Glands
1. Cut two squares of bond paper (each 1cm x 1cm). Also prepare adhesive tape, and
Betadine (povidone-iodine) swab and a cotton-tipped swab.
2. Using iodine solution, paint an area of the medial aspect of your left palm (avoiding
the crease lines) and a region of your forearm. Allow the solution to dry thoroughly. The
painted area in each case should be slightly larger the paper squares to be used.
3. Label one paper with “H” for hand and “A” for arm. Ask you partner tape the bond
papers over the iodine-painted area. Leave the squared in place for 10 minutes. Warm
environment is advisable for this activity.
4. After 10 minutes, remove the paper squares and count the number of blue-black dots
on each square. Appearance of blue-black dots on paper indicates an active sweat gland.
5. Answer the questions below after doing the activity
1. Which area of the skin has the most sweat glands?
___________________________________________________________
2. What substance in the bond paper does the painted iodine on the skin react?
____________________________________________________________
3. Which skin area has more sweat glands? Forearm or palm of
hand?_______________________________________________________
4. Which organ system controls the activity of the eccrine sweat
glands?_______________________________________________________

REVIEWING YOUR KNOWLEDGE (POSTTEST)

References
Allen, C. & Harper, V. (2009). Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology. 3rd ed.
Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, c2009

Marieb, E. (2012). Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology: Laboratory Manual.


5th ed. Sansome St., San Francisco, CA: Benjamin Cummings. C2012

J. Gordon Betts, Young, K. A., Wise, J. A., Johnson, E., Poe, B., Kruse, D. H., Korol,
Oksana , Johnson, J. E., Womble, Mark , & DeSaix, P. (2013, April
25). Anatomy and Physiology. Houston, Texas: OpenStax, c2020 CC License
4.0 license
(n.d.). Practice Anatomy Lab. The Senses: Skin Deep. Pearson Education, Inc. C2014

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