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    ‏لقطة شاشة ٢٠٢٣-١٢-٣١ في ٧.٢٦.٠٨ م

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    ‏لقطة شاشة ٢٠٢٣-١٢-٣١ في ٧.٢٦.٠٨ م

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    1 views8 pages

    ‏لقطة شاشة ٢٠٢٣-١٢-٣١ في ٧.٢٦.٠٨ م

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    ppys4wbgdt

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    of 8

    Anatomy RES - 308 pervious

    exam questions
    The highlighted questions are of last year 2023
    1-Men on A achments+Ac ons of intercostal muscles

    2- List branches of typical intercostal nerve

    1-Ganglionic branches: Each is connected with corresponding sympathetic


    ganglion by 2 rami communicantes (white and grey).

    2- Collateral branch: it supplies intercostal muscles

    3- Muscular branches: Supply intercostal muscles.

    4- Lat. cutaneous branch: It divides into ant. & post. divisions running
    forwards and backwards to supply skin over front and side of thorax.

    5- Ant. cutaneous branch: Termination of intercostal N., divides into


    med. and lat. branches supplying skin over front of thorax

    6- Articular branches: To joints of ribs.


    7- Pleural branches: To parietal pleura
    3- Enumerate events at level of sternal angle
    1-lower border T4 (T4/T5) 2-Beginning and end of the aor c arch.

    3-end of ascending aotra 4- Beginning of descending aorta 5-Azygos vein join S.V.C

    6- Bifurca on of the pulmonary trunk 7- Bifurca on of the trachea and deep cardiac plexus

    8-superfacial cardiac plexus and ligamentum arteriosum

    9-thoracic duct reaches le side esophagus

    4- features and Openings of Lateral wall of nose

    5- [a] Nerve supply of larynx (x3) [b] Blood supply of larynx (x2)
    *N. supply:
    1-Recurrent laryngeal n.; Motor for all muscles except cricothyroid & sensory mucosa
    below vocal cords.
    2-Sup. laryngeal n.; divides into
    a)External laryngeal n.; supplies cricothyroid muscle
    b)Internal laryngeal n.; pierces thyrohyoid membrane, supplies mucosa above vocal cords &
    epiglottis.

    *Blood supply: 1-Sup.laryngeal a.: Arises from sup. thyroid a. & pierces thyrohyoid
    membrane with internal laryngeal n. to supply larynx upper part.

    2-Inf. laryngeal a.: Arises from inf. thyroid a. & ascends with recurrent laryngeal n.
    below inf. constrictor lower border to supply larynx lower part.
    6- [a] Rela ons of thoracic part of trachea (x2)
    [b] Men on Rt and Lt rela ons of thoracic part of trachea (Rt only x2)

    *Arterial supply: Bronchial arteries.


    *Venous drainage: Bronchial veins to azygos venous system.
    7-Difference between Rt and Lt principal Bronchi (x2)

    8-Describe Contents of root of the Lungs


    1- Principal bronchus (most post.). 2- Sup. pulmonary V. (most ant.).
    3-Inf. pulmonary V. (most inf.).
    4- Pulmonary A. (between principal bronchus & sup. pulmonary V. in Rt. root ,
    above & in front of principal bronchus in Lt. root
    5- Bronchial vessels (along post. wall of bronchi; 1 bronchial A. in Rt. lung & 2
    arteries in Lt. lung).
    6-Bronchopulmonary lymph nodes & lymph vessels
    9-men on structures related to medial surface of Rt lung (x3) and Lt lung (1x)
    10-Enumerate Boundaries+Contents of Post Medias num
    Boundaries *In front: pericardium (above) & diaphragm (below).
    *Behind: Lower 8 thoracicvertebrae (T5- T12).
    Contents 1-Arteries: Descending aorta & its branches.
    2-Veins: Azygos & hemiazygos veins.
    3-Nerves: 2 vagi (forming esophageal plexuses),
    sympathetic trunks & their splanchnic branches.
    4-Tubes:
    Oesophagus & thoracic duct along its Rt. side.
    5-Lymph nodes: post. mediastinal nodes
    11-List contents of Sup Medias num
    1-Retrosternal structures (veins):
    a-Rt. brachiocephalic V.: Descends vertically behind manubrium Rt. margin.
    b-Lt. brachiocephalic V.: Runs obliquely from Lt. to Rt. above aortic arch, crossing
    its 3branches.
    c-Lt. sup. intercostal V.: Ends in Lt. brachiocephalic V.
    d- S.V.C. upper 1/2: Formed by union of both brachiocephalic veins. & receives
    azygos V. arch.
    2-Arteries:
    a-Aortic arch: Lies behind manubrium lower 1/2. Its concavity is occupied by
    pulmonary trunk bifurcation.
    b-3 branches of aortic arch: Brachiocephalic (on Rt.), Lt. common carotid & Lt.
    subclavian arteries.
    3-Nerves:
    a-Vagi: Rt. descends on trachea Rt. side, while Lt. is separated from trachea by Lt.
    subclavian A. & aortic arch.
    b-Phrenics: Rt. descends on Rt. side of Rt. brachiocephalic V. & S.V.C upper 1/2,
    while Lt. descends on Lt. of Lt. subclavian A. & aortic arch.
    c-Lt. recurrent laryngeal: From Lt. vagus & curves around aortic arch.
    4-Tubes:
    a-Trachea: Descends in midline deviating slightly to Rt. at its lower end (pushed
    by aortic arch). It is related to Rt. vagus.
    b-Esophagus: Descends behind trachea in front of vertebral column.
    c-Thoracic duct: Behind esophagus Lt. border .
    12-Constric ons of esophagus 1-At beginning; 7 inches (17 cm) from upper incisor
    teeth. 2-Where it is crossed by aortic arch; 9 inches (22 cm) from incisors.
    3-Where it is crossed by Lt. bronchus; 11 inches (27 cm) from incisors.
    4-At lower end, where it passes through diaphragm esophageal opening; 17
    inches (42 cm) from incisors.
    13- Pleural recesses (Def,site and func ons)
    2 narrow spaces of pleural cavity which are not occupied by lung except
    in forced inspiration.
    1- Costomediastinal recess: Between costal & mediastinal pleurae,
    along ant. border of pleura directly behind sternum, receiving expanding
    lung ant. border in forced inspiration.
    2- Costodiaphragmatic recess: Between costal & diaphragmatic
    pleurae, along inf. border of pleura, at thoracic outlet, receiving expanding
    lung inf. border in forced inspiration.
    14-Beginning,Course and branches of Rt phrenic Nerve
    Begin: In neck from ant. rami of C3,4,5.
    Course: *Enters thorax through inlet in front of subclavian A. & behind beginning of
    brachiocephalic V., it crosses internal thoracic A. from lat. to med. *Descends in sup.
    then in middle mediastinum (with pericardiacophrenic vessels), each N. passes in front
    of its lung root covered laterally by mediastinal pleura. *Rt. phrenic is shorter because
    Rt. diaphragmatic cupola is higher than left & Rt. phrenic is nearly vertical while Lt.
    curves with heart convexity to Lt.Termination: Leaves thorax by passing through
    diaphragm vena caval opening, (on Rt. side of I.V.C).
    Branches: a-Motor; to diaphragm (only motor fibres to diaphragm).
    b-Sensory; to 3 serous membranes; pericardium, mediastinal & central part
    diaphragmatic pleura, peritoneum lining diaphragm abdominal surface.

    15-[a] Origin of Diaphragm [b] Explain vertebral origin of Diaphragm


    *Origin: Wide origin from whole circumference of thoracic outlet inner aspect & vertebral column.

    Sternal Costal origin Vertebral origin


    origin
    Xiphoid Lower 6 costal *2 crura: -Rt. crus; from upper 3 lumbar vertebrae bodies. Larger than Lt. crus
    process back cartilages deep (as liver below). Its fibers extend up to surround oesophagus lower end forming
    by 2 fleshy surface by fleshy physiological sphincter around stomach cardiac end.
    slips. slips interdigitating -Lt. crus; smaller from upper 2 lumbar vertebrae bodies.
    with transversus *5 arcuate ligaments: -Median arcuate ligament; lies in
    abdominis origin. median plane, extending between both crura & arches over aorta.
    -2 med. arcuate ligaments; extends from crus to tip of 1st lumbar vertebra
    transverse process & arches over psoas major.
    -2 lat. arcuate ligaments; extends from tip of 1st lumbar vertebra
    transverse process to last rib & arches over the quadratus lumborum
    16-Name major openings of Diaphragm+Structures passing through it

    Name Aortic opening I. V. C. opening Oesophageal opening


    Site In middle line, behind 1 inch to Rt. of middle 1 inch to Lt. of middle
    median arcuate line, in central tendon line, in Rt. crus
    ligament, T12 vertebra. T8 vertebra. T10 vertebra.
    Structure *Aorta to Lt. *I.V.C. *Oesophagus
    through *Azygos vein to Rt. *Rt. phrenic n. *2 vagi.
    *Thoracic duct in *Lymphatics. *Oesophageal branches
    between of Lt. gastric vessels.
    17- compare components of hilum in both lungs

    Rt lung Lt lung
    1-Principal (hyparterial) bronchus 1-Principal bronchus (most post.).
    (most post.). 2-Sup. pulmonary V. (most ant.).
    2- Sup. pulmonary V. (most ant.). 3-Inf. pulmonary V. (most inf.).
    3-Inf. pulmonary V. (most inf.). 4-Pulmonary artery (above & in front
    4-Pulmonary A. (between principal of principal bronchus).
    bronchus and sup. pulmonary V.).
    5-Superior lobar (eparterial) bronchus
    (above principal bronchus).
    6-Branch from pulmonary A. (in front
    of eparterial bronchus)

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