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13 - Understanding IPv4 Addresses & Binary Math

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10 views16 pages

13 - Understanding IPv4 Addresses & Binary Math

Uploaded by

Raenel Carolino Manangan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Understanding IPv4 Addresses & Binary Math Section

Understanding IPv4 Addresses &


Binary Math

InstructorAlton.com
Understanding IPv4 Addresses
• An IP Address is a logical address used in order to uniquely identify a device
on an IP network.
• It’s a Network Layer Address
• There are Two Versions:
o IP version 4 (IPv4)
o IP version 6 (IPv6)
• This lesson focuses on IPv4, and we’ll discuss IPv6 later in the course.

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IPv4 Address Anatomy
• Made up of 32 binary bits, which can be divided into a network portion and a
host portion with the help of a subnet mask.
o The 32 binary bits are broken into four octets (1 octet = 8 bits).
o Each octet is converted to decimal and separated by a period (dot).
o For this reason, an IP address is said to be expressed in dotted decimal format.

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IPv4 Address Anatomy

First Second Third Fourth


Octet Octet Octet Octet
192 . 168 . 1 . 131

11000000 . 10101000 . 00000001 . 10000011

8 bits 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits


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Network and Host Portion
• An IP address is broken down into two parts:
• Network Address
• Uniquely identifies each network
• Your Street Name: 7682 Wilshire Drive
• Host Address
• Uniquely identifies each machine on a network
• Your House Address: 7682 Wilshire Drive

• Network Address + Host Address = IP Address


• Wilshire Drive 7682

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IPv4 Address Components
• Each device on a network is assigned an IP address, subnet mask and default
gateway:
o IP Address: Unique logical address assigned to each device on a network.
o Subnet Mask: Used by the device to determine what subnet it’s on, specifically the
network and host portions of the IP address.
o Default Gateway: The IP address of a network’s router that allows devices on the local
network to communicate with other networks.

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Understanding IPv4 Addresses & Binary Math Section

Binary Math Basics

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Basics of Binary Math
Lecture Goals
• Convert Binary to Decimal
• Convert Decimal to Binary

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Basics of Binary Math
Why is it important?
We need to know basic binary math to perform subnetting, as well as to
understand how IPv4 addresses work.

Remember This
128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 255

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What is the binary 11111111 in decimal?

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Binary 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Decimal 128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 255 Decimal

Add the number where there is a “1”.


Add zero, when there is a “0”.

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What is the binary 10101010 in decimal?

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Binary 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
Decimal 128 + 0 + 32 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 0 = 170 Decimal

Add the number where there is a “1”.


Add zero, when there is a “0”.

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What is the binary 10000011 in decimal?

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Binary 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Decimal 128 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 1 = 131 Decimal

Add the number where there is a “1”.


Add zero, when there is a “0”.

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What’s 192 in binary?

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Binary 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 11000000
Decimal 128 + 64 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 192 Decimal

Start adding the numbers from left to right until you achieve the decimal amount
you are looking for!

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What’s 202 in binary?

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Binary 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 = 11001010
Decimal 128 + 64 + 0 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 0 = 202 Decimal

Start adding the numbers from left to right until you achieve the decimal amount
you are looking for!

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What’s 54 in binary?

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Binary 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 = 00110110
Decimal 0 + 0 + 32 + 16 + 0 + 4 + 2 + 0 = 54 Decimal

Start adding the numbers from left to right until you achieve the decimal amount
you are looking for!

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IP Address Conversion Process

192. 168. 32. 4 Dotted Decimal

11000000. 10101000. 00100000. 00000100 Binary

1st Octet 2nd Octet 3rd Octet 4th Octet

Whether you are given an IP address in dotted-decimal or binary format, follow


the respective process above for each octet one by one until you have completed
the process.

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