Vb hae Gye y Ut Foueta) SLU by ye Renewable Energies, Environment & Sustainable Development EYE _ Sensors and actuators Final exam Solution January 24%, 2024 Exerciser Qe" a) the stator step angle b) the rotor step angle ar Exercise2 & @U> 60°/12=304(0.5)k) _ the number of steps per revolution Ny=360" /ar-as 0°/8=45 NP=360°/45-30=24 ste 2) the electromotive force E b) the useful power Ps E=U-Rl= 240- 05x42 = 219 ro) P= Pen~(Pc#P))= 9198 - 625 = 8,573 Kl ©) the absorbed power Py 4) the useful torque Cu = UL= 240x42 = 10 080 = 10,08 kW Cu Ps/ f= 0573 / 1256 = 68,3 NK (1) @) __ the electromagnetic power Pan ) the efficiency n Pen = EI = 21942 = 9,198 kW n= Pu /Pa=8573 / 10.08 = 85,05 % ((1) Exercise 4 Pte, ‘The output ofa piezoelectric sensor is depicted below. a) The ranges jon for the measurand is (ON-98N} “The ranges of varjaion forthe output quantity [0-141] (025) The value of the sensor's constant k Vs (FHF) = 2K = axaF ~ Zx(oa-o) ~ 0.072V/NOD b) The mathematical relationship between the ‘measurand and the output quan Vs=k F+F) = 2KF = 0.144 ©) Thesensor's sensitivty> Ais = THE 5 0.144 V/N (0.25) ‘The sensor is used in a circuit based on an operational amplifier, functioning as a switch that powers an actuator if the pressure exceeds 4N. 6) Provide the circuit diagram for creating this switch, knowing that the operational amplifier is powered by Vee =5 V and -Vec = 0 V, and the actuator is powered by an alternating voltage of 220 V. Good luck 2023/2024©) Briefly explain the operation ofthe circuit, mentioning the role of each component in the diagram, © Thesensor converts force variations into changes in voltage..((0.5) © Thepotentiometer sets the comparison point with the sensor's output voltage, noting that we have chosen r Ry = Ikand Ra = 9k/((0.5)dllowing us to obtain.a voltage of 0.5 at the comparison point, which is also the voltage delivered by the sensbr for a force of 4N.{(0.25) fe © The operational amplifier compar two voltages UA and UB...(0.5) © Therelay ensures the interface bepwen the control circuit, which opefates at low voltage, and the load circuit, which operates at high voltage.{(0.5) © The load circuit is activated oneethe output of the comparator is in the high level. 625) Beercises FS pts A linear displacement sensor consists of a linear potentiometer, as shown in the figure below. Ax denotes the displacement value of the slider relative to the middle position, which is taken as the origin of the x-axis. a) The useful travel of the potentiometer is 21=1 cm, and its total resistance is Ro. Calculate the expressions for the resistances Ru(Ax) and R\(Ax) of the potentiometer for a displacement Ax of the slider relative to the middle position. Ry (Ax) =a dx +b => 11 Rh (0) =Ro/2= b Ryo) Ra (+L) L+b=>a=-b/L=-Ro/2L 0. / oy |e Ras) Ry (Ox) = (— tax + 8) = Ry (Ax) =c Ax +d Ry (0) = Ro/2=d RCL) =0=-cL+d=>e=d/L=Ro/2L fa on) = (axe 8) =2e 445 65) fl | o Bx [Re Ri +L [0 Ro 0 [Rof2 | Ro/2 -L [Ro 0 t)Vin b) The potentiometer is connected according to the diagram in the figure, and the measuring voltage Vaes, representing the position of the measured by a voltmeter with an input impedance Ro, Express Vis Ru(AX), Ro(AX), Rie Ro, and Vi es Ry (4X) //Ro. (os) Vines = (85 // RoR y(AR Ry Vi (3) (AW) Rp v, RORY mes ~~ Ry@ORD 1k 4 (AX)+R in RY@X+RD Rp (4X) Ro Rp (AX) Rp +(Rp(4X)+Rp (Rn (AX) +Rin. slider, is terms of, Vines = anata 2023/2024