FL VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

College of Engineering

CE REVIEW 1
MATHEMATICS, SURVEYING, TRANSPORTATION, AND CONSTRUCTION

REVIEW MODULE 6 (DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS)

The Limit of a Function /

6. (arccsc 𝑢) = −
√
Limit is a number such that the value of a given function
remains arbitrarily close to this number when the Differentiation of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
independent variable is sufficiently close to a specified /
point. 1. (log 𝑢) =
/
2. (ln 𝑢) = ;𝑢 ≠ 0
Theorems on Limits ( / )
1. lim 𝑘𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘 lim 𝑓(𝑥) , 𝑘 𝑏𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 3. (log 𝑢) =
→ →
2. lim [𝑓(𝑥) ± 𝑔(𝑥)] = lim 𝑓(𝑥) ± lim 𝑔(𝑥) where M = log e = 1/ ln 10 = 0.43429
→ → → where M = Modulus of common Logarithm
3. lim [𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)] = lim 𝑓(𝑥) lim 𝑔(𝑥)
→ → →
( ) →
( ) Differentiation of Trigonometric Functions
4. lim = , 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 lim 𝑔(𝑥) ≠ 0
→ ( )
→
( ) → 1. (𝑎 ) = 𝑎 ln 𝑎
5. lim = 1, 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 2. (𝑒 ) = 𝑎
→

Differentiation of Algebraic Functions 3. (𝑢 ) = 𝑣 𝑢 + 𝑢 ln 𝑢

1. (𝑐) = 0
The Derivative
2. (𝑥) = 1 Derivative of y = f(x) is the limit of the ratio of the
3. (𝑢) = incremental change of x to the incremental change of y as
the incremental change of x approaches zero.
4. (𝑢 + 𝑣) = +
5. (𝑢 ) = 𝑛𝑢 In symbol
/
6. √𝑢 = Δy f(x + Δx) − f(x)
√ lim = lim
→ Δ𝑥 → Δ𝑥
7. (𝑢𝑣) = 𝑢 +𝑣
( / ) ( / ) 𝑑𝑦
8. = 𝑦 = = 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝐷 𝑦
𝑑𝑥
( / )
9. =
The Differential
Differentiation of Trigonometric Functions The differential of a variable is equal to the
(sin 𝑢) = cos 𝑢 increment of that variable. That is, for variable y, the
1.
differential is Δy or dy and for variable x, the differential is Δx
2. (cos 𝑢) = −sin 𝑢 or dx. The ratio of Δy/ Δx is called differential quotient.
3. (tan 𝑢) = sec 𝑢
1. Slope of the Curve
4. (cot 𝑢) = −csc 𝑢 The slope of the curve y = f(x) at any point is
5. (sec 𝑢) = sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 identical to the derivative of the function or y’

6. (csc 𝑢) = −csc 𝑢 cot 𝑢 Slope at any point, m = y’ = dy/dx

Differentiation of Inverse Trigonometric Functions 2. Rate of Change

/ The derivative of a function is identical to its rate of
1. (arcsin 𝑢) =
√
/ change. Thus, the rate of change of the volume V of a
2. (arccos 𝑢) = − sphere with respect to its radius r is dV/dr.
√
/
3. (arctan 𝑢) =
Curvature and Radius of Curvature
/
4. (arccot 𝑢) = − 1. Curvature, K =𝐾 =
"

/ [ ( ) ]
5. (arcsec 𝑢) =
√

Prepared by:
Page - 1 - of 4
Christian Ace M. Calagui
Lecturer, CE Review 1
 FL VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering

CE REVIEW 1
MATHEMATICS, SURVEYING, TRANSPORTATION, AND CONSTRUCTION

REVIEW MODULE 6 (DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS)

[ ( ) ]
2. Radius of Curvature, 𝜌 = =
"

Maxima and Minima (critical points)

There are the highest and lowest point relative to
adjacent points.

1. Critical Point
Maxima: tangent line is horizontal
Minima: tangent line is horizontal
. : For critical points: m = y’ = 0

2. Rate of Change of Slope = y”

y” > 0 : The curve is concaved upward
y” < 0 : The curve is concaved downward

3. Point of Inflection – a point at w/c the curve changes

its rotation from concave upward to concave
downward or vice versa.
For point of inflection: y”=0

Time Rates
-if a quantity x is a function of time t, the time rate of
change of x is given by dx/dt.

Most Common Types of Time Rates

1. Velocity, 𝑣 = , 𝑠 − 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
2. Acceleration, 𝑎 = , 𝑣 − 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
3. Discharge of Flow, 𝑄 = , 𝑉 − 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
4. Angular Speed, 𝜔 = , 𝜃 − 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
5. Angular Acceleration, 𝑣 = , 𝑠 − 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

Prepared by:
Page - 2 - of 4
Christian Ace M. Calagui
Lecturer, CE Review 1
 FL VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering

CE REVIEW 1
MATHEMATICS, SURVEYING, TRANSPORTATION, AND CONSTRUCTION

REVIEW MODULE 6 (DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS)

LIMITS 24. Find the equation of the tangent and normal to the curve 𝑦
Evaluate the limit of the following functions. = 2𝑥 – 𝑥2 at the point (2,0).
25. Determine the critical points and the point of inflection of
1. lim the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥3 − 9𝑥2 + 15𝑥 − 5.
→
26. Find the slope of the curve 𝑟 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 at 𝜃 = 𝜋/3 .
2. lim 27. [May 2018] A body moves along a horizontal line according
→
3. lim to 𝑠 = 𝑡3 − 9𝑡2 + 24𝑡. Find the total distance traveled in the
→
first 5 seconds of motion.
4. lim sin
→
5. Limit of (x3 – 2x2 + 7)/(2x3 + x – 3) as x approaches MAXIMA & MINIMA
infinity. 28. [November 2018] If the equal sides of an isosceles triangle
are given, what length of the third side will provide
ASYMPTOTES maximum area?
Determine the equation of the vertical, horizontal, or 29. [November 2018] A company determines that in the
inclined asymptote(s) of the following functions. production of x units of a commodity, its revenue and cost
6. 𝑦= functions are 𝑅(𝑥) = −3𝑥2 + 970𝑥 and 𝐶(𝑥) = 2𝑥2 + 500,
respectively. Find the maximum profit and minimum
7. [May 2017] 𝑦 = average cost.
8. 𝑦= 30. [November 2017] A rock is thrown upward from the
ground. Its height on feet above the ground after 𝑡 seconds
9. 𝑦=
is given by the function 𝑓(𝑡) = −16𝑡2+ 20𝑡. Find the number
of seconds it took the rock to reach its maximum height.
DERIVATIVES 31. What is the biggest volume in m3 of the biggest closed
Determine the first derivative (dy/dx) for the following cylindrical tank that can be made out of 125.5 m2 of steel
functions. sheet?
10. 𝑦 = √𝑥 − 3 √𝑥 − 2024 32. A boatman is at A, which is 4.5 km from the nearest point B,
11. 𝑦 = 𝑒 on a straight shore BM. He wishes to reach, in minimum
12. 𝑦 = 𝑥 time, a point C situated on the shore 9 km from B. How far
13. 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 = 0 from C should he land if he can row at the rate of 6 kph and
14. 𝑦 = tan(𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) walk at the rate of 7.5 kph?
15. 𝑦 = 2 cos 𝑥/2 33. Determine the nearest distance from point (16,0) to the
16. 𝑦 = log √2𝑥 + 5 parabola 𝑦 2 = 16𝑥.
17. 𝑦 = 𝑒
TIME RATES/RELATED RATES
Determine 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 ⁄ for the given value of x. 34. [November 2018] The radius of the spherical balloon is
18. 𝑦 = 𝑥−2; 𝑥 = −2 changing at a rate of 1.5 cm/s, express the volume of the
19. 𝑦 = 𝑥 ln 𝑥; 𝑥 = 0.5 balloon as a function of time t in seconds.
35. [November 2018] A Toyota Land Cruiser drives east from
Determine 𝑦 ′′ for the given value of x. point A at 30 kph. Another car starting from B at the same
20. 𝑦 = 𝑥2𝑒x; 𝑥 = −1 time, drives S 30° W toward A at 60 kph. B is 30 km away
from A. How fast in kph is the distance between two carsrs
APPLICATIONS OF THE DERIVATIVE changing after 30 minutes?
21. If 𝑠 = 𝑡2 − 𝑡3, find the velocity when the acceleration 36. [May 2018] An inverted conical container has a diameter of
is zero. 42 in and a depth of 15 in. Water is flowing out of the vertex
22. Determine the slope of the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥2 − 𝑥3 + 14 at of the container at a rate of 35 𝜋 in3 /s, how fast is the depth
point (2,-1). of the water dropping when the height is 5 in?
23. Find the slope of the curve y = x3 + 3x +14 where
the curve crosses the x-axis.

Prepared by:
Page - 3 - of 4
Christian Ace M. Calagui
Lecturer, CE Review 1
 FL VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering

CE REVIEW 1
MATHEMATICS, SURVEYING, TRANSPORTATION, AND CONSTRUCTION

REVIEW MODULE 6 (DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS)

37. [May 2017] The radius of the sphere is r when the time t is
in seconds. Find the radius when the change of the surface
area and the change of the radius are equal.
38. [November 2016] A 17-ft ladder is sliding down the wall at
a rate of 5ft/s. When the top of the ladder is 8 ft from the
ground,
a. How fast is the foot of the ladder sliding the wall in
ft/s?
b. At what rate is the area of the triangle formed by
the ladder, wall and ground changing at that
moment?
c. At what rate is the angle between the ladder and
the ground changing then?

PARAMETRIC EQUATIONS
Find the equations of the tangent and the normal of the
following curves at the indicated points.
39. 𝑥 = 2𝑢3 − 3𝑢2, 𝑦 = 𝑢3 − 3𝑢 at 𝑢 = 2.
40. 𝑥 = 𝑒𝑡, 𝑦 = 2𝑒−𝑡 at 𝑡 = 0.
41. Find the radius of curvature and the center of
curvature of 4𝑦 = 𝑥2 at (2,2).

CURVILINEAR MOTION
42. A particle moves along the path whose parametric
equation are 𝑥 = 3𝑡3 and 𝑦 = 6𝑡2. Find its velocity and
acceleration when 𝑡 = 2 s.

PARTIAL DIFFERENTIATION
43. Given that 𝑧 = 𝑥2 + 5𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦2, determine 𝑑𝑧/𝑑𝑥 and
𝑑𝑧/𝑑𝑦.

APPLICATIONS
44. Find the equation of the tangent and normal planes
to the surface 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑧2 = 36 at point (1,2,4).

Prepared by:
Page - 4 - of 4
Christian Ace M. Calagui
Lecturer, CE Review 1