AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel

September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

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© The American Institute of Steel Construction 2018

The information presented herein is based on recognized engineering principles and is for
general information only. While it is believed to be accurate, this information should not be
applied to any specific application without competent professional examination and verification
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Course Description

Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

September 10, 2018

This live webinar addresses design steps including system selection,

configuration selection, base-shear determination, including wind vs
seismic comparison and determination of irregularities. The session will
also examine load combinations, including determination of redundancy
and identifying load combination extents (i.e., which elements get
Omegified).

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Learning Objectives

• List requirements to determine base shear.

• List horizontal irregularities that must be considered in the

building design.

• List vertical irregularities that must be considered in the

building design.

• Describe factors that affect load combinations including the

redundancy factor and overstrength factor.

Seismic Design in Steel:

Concepts and Examples
Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design
September 10, 2018

Rafael Sabelli, SE

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Course objectives
• Understand the principles of seismic design of
steel structures.
• Understand the application of those principles to
two common systems:
o Special Moment Frames
o Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames.
• Understand the application of design
requirements for those systems.

Resources

• AISC Seismic Design Manual

• Ductile Design of Steel Structures,
Bruneau, Uang, and Sabelli,
McGraw Hill.
• Earthquakes and Seismic Design,
Facts for Steel Buildings #3.
Ronald O. Hamburger, AISC.
• Other publications suggested in
each session

10

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Other resources

• AISC Solutions Center

o 866.ASK.AISC (866-275-2472)
o [email protected]
• AISC Night School
o [email protected]

11

Course outline
Part I: Concepts
R1. Introduction to effective seismic design
R2. Seismic design of moment frames
R3. Seismic design of braced frames
R4. Seismic design of buildings

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Course outline
Part II: Application
L1. Planning the seismic design
L2. Building analysis and diaphragm design
L3. Design of the moment frames
L4. Design of the braced frames

13

Session L1:
Planning the seismic
design

14

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Session topics
• System selection
• Effective seismic weight
• Configuration selection
• Base-shear determination
• Wind vs seismic comparison
• Determination of Irregularities
• Load combinations

15

Given information

16

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Given information
• Design from AISC Seismic Design Manual
• Four-story building
• Special Moment Frame
o Examples 4.3 and 4.4
• Buckling-restrained Braced Frame
o Example 5.5
• Diaphragm design similar to Example
8.4.1
17

Plan
1 2 3 4 5
30’-0” 30’-0” 30’-0” 30’-0”

A
25’-0”

B
25’-0”

10-0”

C
25’-0”

15’-0”

18

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Elevation
1 2 3 4 5

30’-0” 30’-0” 30’-0” 30’-0”

Roof
14’-0” 12’-6” 12’-6” 12’-6”

4th

3rd

2nd

1st

19

Elevation
A B C D

25’-0” 25’-0” 25’-0”

Roof
14’-0” 12’-6” 12’-6” 12’-6”

4th

3rd

2nd

1st

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Given information
• Address:
o 123 Fake Street, Quakeville, EQ, USA
• Soil Type D
• Office building
o Occupancy/Risk Category II
• Ie = 1.0
• Dall = 0.025h
o Dall = 0.02h used to limit cladding drift demands

21

Given information
• Codes:
o IBC 2015 o AISC 341, 2010
o ASCE 7, 2010 o AISC 358, 2010
o AISC 360, 2010 o AWS D1.8, 2009
o ACI 318, 2014
o AWS D1.1, 2010

ASCE 7 16, AISC 341 16

22
also discussed

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Given information
• Loads
o Dfloor = 85 psf (includes partition allowance)
o Droof = 68 psf (includes partition allowance)
o Lfloor = 50 psf
• (reduced; used for all examples regardless of area)
oS = 20 psf
o Curtain wall D
• 12.5’*14psf
• =175 lb/ft along building perimeter at every level

23

Determine Seismic
Accelerations
• https://earthquake.usgs.gov/designmaps/
us/application.php

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Quakeville

Determine Seismic
Accelerations

Ss =1.5 g SMS =1.5 g Sds =1.0 g

S1 =0.6 g SM1 =0.9 g Sd1 =0.6 g

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Determine Seismic
Accelerations
• ASCE 7-16 Section 11.4.8(3) requires that
a ground motion hazard analysis be
performed for structures on Site Class D
with S1 greater than or equal to 0.2, or that
the base shear be determined multiplying
EQ12.8-3 by 1.5 Reduction at
higher periods
only allowed
with GMHA (not
USGS maps)

31

System selection

32

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Seismic Design Category (SDC)

• ASCE 7 §11.6
• Based on
o Risk category
o Site seismicity
• Including soil effects
• Check for
o 0.2 sec response
o 1.0 sec response
o S1≥0.75
• SDC E: RC I, II, III
• SDC F: RC IV

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Seismic Design Category

• ASCE 7 §11.6
• 3 tests; highest SDC
of the three
o Sds =1.0 g > 0.5 g
• SDC D (or greater)
o Sd1 = 0.6g > 0.2 g
• SDC D (or greater)
o S1 = 0.6g < 0.75 g
• Not SDC E

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ASCE 7 Table 12.2-1

Up to 240’ for regular buildings

35

Materials

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Steel Design
• Members
o Beams o Columns
• ASTM A992 • ASTM A992
o Fy = 50ksi o Fy = 50ksi
o Fu = 65ksi o Fu = 65ksi
o Ry = 1.1 o Ry = 1.1
• tf >1½” • tf >1½”
o CVN 20ft#@70ºF o CVN 20ft#@70ºF
• AISC 341 §A3.3 • AISC 341 §A3.3
• A913 Gr. 65 & 70 (2016)
allowed for BRBF and
SMF columns
o AISC 341 §A3.1

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Steel Design
• Typical connections • Base connections
o Plate o A572 Gr. 50
• A36 • Fy = 50ksi
o Fy = 36ksi • Fu = 65ksi
o Fu = 58ksi • t>2”
o Bolts o CVN 20ft#@70ºF
• A325X • AISC 341 A3.3
o Fnv = 68ksi o F1554 Grade 55
o Fnt = 90ksi • Fy = 55ksi
• Seismic system • Fu = 75ksi
o Pretensioned • Supplement S1
o Class A faying surface

38

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Steel Design
• Anchor rods
o F1554 Grade 55
• Supplement S1
o Provides weldable
material
• Grade 36 always
weldable
• Grade 105 never
weldable
o Anchor-rod damage
or misalignment
• Solutions in
Design Guide 1

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Steel Design
• Welds • Lowest Anticipated
o Matching strength Service Temperature
• FEXX = 70ksi o Required for modifying
o CVN CVN testing
• Seismic system requirements for cold-
o Typical weather applications
• CVN 20ft#@0ºF (<50ºF)
o Demand Critical Welds
o All steel within climate-
• CVN 40ft#@70ºF
controlled space in this
project

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Steel Design
• BRB cores
o A36 with limited yield
42ksi
range
• Fy ≥ 38ksi
• Fy ≤ 46ksi
• Fye = 42ksi

38ksi 46ksi
36ksi
Rejected Rejected
material material

41

Steel Design
• BRB connections • Materials match
o Gusset plates tested specimens by
• A572 Gr. 50 manufacturer
o Fy = 50ksi
o To be confirmed after
o Fu = 65ksi
manufacturer selection
o Bolts at BRB-to-gusset
o Manufacturers may
connections
assist in connection
• A490X
design or review
o Fnv = 84ksi
o Fnt = 113ksi
connection design to
confirm adequacy

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Concrete
• Floors and roof • Foundations
o 2” steel deck • Normal-weight
o 3.25” light-weight concrete
topping
• 4000psi
o 4000psi
o #3@12” each way

43

Quality

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Quality
• AISC 360 Chapter N • AISC 341 Chapter J
o Fabrication & Erection o Additional requirements
QC for QA/QC
o Inspection QA o Demand Critical Welds
• Task tables • AISC 358 §5.7
o NDT o Special requirements at
• Rates
RBS cut
o Approved fabricators
and erectors
• AWS D1.1 §6
• With AHJ approval, QC • AWS D1.8 §7
only (no 3rd-party QA)

45

Effective seismic weight

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Effective seismic weight

• No significant storage
o (<5%)
• Snow load need not be considered
o (<30PSF)
• Plan area
o [4*30’+2*1’][3*25’+2*1’]=9394sf
• Perimeter
o [2*4*30’+4*1’]+[2*3*25’+4*1’]=398’
ASCE 7 §12.7.2
47

Effective seismic weight

• Floor weight
o =9394sf*0.085ksf+398’*0.175klf = 868K
• Roof weight
o =9394sf*0.068ksf+398’*0.175klf = 708K
• Total weight:
o 3*868K+708K = 3313K

ASCE 7 §12.7.2
48

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Configuration selection

49

Plan
1 2 3 4 5
30’-0” 30’-0” 30’-0” 30’-0”

A
25’-0”

B
25’-0”

C
25’-0”

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Elevation
1 2 3 4 5

30’-0” 30’-0” 30’-0” 30’-0”

Roof
14’-0” 12’-6” 12’-6” 12’-6”

4th

3rd

2nd

1st

51

Elevation
A B C D

25’-0” 25’-0” 25’-0”

Roof
14’-0” 12’-6” 12’-6” 12’-6”

4th

3rd

2nd

1st

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

SMF: Reduced beam section

• Beam intentionally weakened
to create controlled yielding
• Connection at face of column
stronger than reduced section
• Capacity design ensures good
performance
• Reduction in stiffness
• Potential reduction in stability

AISC 358 §5.3

53

BRBF
• Investigate availability
o Core Brace
o Nippon Steel
o Others?
• Braces up to 1000 kips readily available
• Braces ~1.4 as stiff as work-point-to-work-point
o Chevron configuration
o 30’ Bay (consult manufacturer for 25’ bay)

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Base-shear determination

55

Approximate period
• ASCE 7 §12.8.2.1
o Approximate period Ta based on height
o H=51.5’
• “Real” (model) period may be used
o Limited by CuTa (for strength, not for drift)
• Cu = 1.4 for Sd1>0.4
o Assume T>Ta
• Based on experience
• To be confirmed later in design
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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Approximate period
• SMF
o Ta = 0.028*51.50.8 =0.656s
o Assume T>CuTa =1.4*0.656s=0.918s
• Must be verified after final analysis
• BRBF
o Ta = 0.03*51.50.75 =0.577s
o Assume T>1.3Ta for Cu=1.4
• Assume T =1.3*0.577s=0.750s
• Must be verified after final analysis
ASCE 7 §12.8.2.1 57

Base Shear: SMF

Constant
acceleration
[Eq. 12.8-2]
1.00
= = = 0.125
⁄ 8.0⁄1.0

0.60
Seismic Response Coefficient, Cs

= = = 0.0818
Transition to peak
⁄ 8.0⁄1.0 0.918
ground acceleration
Constant velocity
[not used for ELF] [Eq. 12.8-3]

= 0.044 = 0.044
0.5
= = 0.0375
⁄
T0 TS

Period, T

ASCE 7 §12.8.1.1 58

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Base Shear: BRBF

Constant
acceleration
[Eq. 12.8-2]
1.00
= = = 0.125
⁄ 8.0⁄1.0

0.60
Seismic Response Coefficient, Cs

= = = 0.100
Transition to peak
⁄ 8.0⁄1.0 0.750
ground acceleration
Constant velocity
[not used for ELF] [Eq. 12.8-3]

= 0.044 = 0.044
0.5
= = 0.0375
⁄
T0 TS

Period, T

ASCE 7 §12.8.1.1 59

Base Shear
• SMF
oV = 0.0818*3313K
= 271K
• BRBF
oV = 0.100*3313K
= 331K

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Wind vs seismic comparison

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Wind vs. seismic comparison

• Effective design
o Select members for governing load effect
o Check adequacy for other load effects
o Reduce design work
• Comparison
o Strength requirements
o Stiffness requirements
• Wind serviceability
• Seismic drift control
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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Wind Load
• Basic Wind Speed Figure 27.4-8 - Case I
X-direction Y-direction
o 115 MPH p F p F
• Wind Exposure Level (psf) (k) (psf) (k)
Roof 31.9 15.3 35.0 26.7
Category B 4th 30.6 29.5 33.8 51.5
3rd 29.0 28.0 32.2 49.1
• Topographic factor
2nd 26.9 27.5 30.1 48.6
o Kzt = 1.0
• Risk Category II

ASCE 7 Chapter 27
63

Wind vs Seismic
Moment Frames Braced Frames
Wind Seismic Wind Seismic
Base Shear (k) 100 271 176 331
Overturning (ft-k) 3,065 10,487 5,365 12,704
Wo Overturning (ft-k) 31,461 31,761

• Seismic controls the main lateral system

• Components and cladding may be
governed by wind

If wind controls base shear

64
check story shear at every level

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Wind vs Seismic
• Wind serviceability
o 10-year wind
• 0.7 times 50-year wind pressures
o Note that ASCE 7-16 no longer uses 50-year wind
o H/400 deflection limit
• Dwindserv ≤0.0025h
o Compare combined base shear & drift limit
• Seismic force distribution causes more drift
• Seismic drift base shear may be lower than design
base shear, especially for SMF
AISC Design Guide 3 65

Wind vs Seismic
• Wind serviceability
o Very rough stiffness requirements
• North-south
o Wind
• Vwind /Dwindserv =(0.7)176K/0.0025h =49,300K/h
o BRBF
• CdVseismic /D =(5)331K/0.02h =82,800K/h
o Ratio
• KreqEQ /KreqW = 1.7

AISC Design Guide 3 66

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Wind vs Seismic
• Wind serviceability
o Very rough stiffness requirements
• East-West
o Wind
• Vwind /Dwindserv =(0.7)100K/0.0025h =28,000K/h
o SMF
• Base shear for drift may be lower
• CdVseismic /D =(5.5)271K/0.02h =74,500K/h
o Ratio
• KreqEQ /KreqW = 2.7
• Check wind drift after final seismic design
AISC Design Guide 3 67

Determination of
Irregularities

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Irregularities
• May limit analysis options
o Equivalent Lateral Force (ELF) method not permitted
for some irregular buildings
• May be result of building layout
o Check for irregularities at beginning
• May emerge later in design
o Double check prior to finalizing design

69

Horizontal irregularity:
Torsional
d1 • Basis
Floor plate d2 o Buildings with high
torsional response are
prone to damage
• Addressed by
o Amplifying torsional
moment
o Restricting torsionally
d2 ≤ 1.2[ ½ (d1 + d2)]
irregular buildings in
severe seismic conditions

ASCE 7 Table 12.3-1 70

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Horizontal irregularity:
Torsional (extreme)
d1 • Basis
d2 o Buildings with high
torsional response are
prone to damage
• Addressed by
o Amplifying torsional
moment
o Restricting torsionally
d2 ≤ 1.2[ ½ (d1 + d2)]
irregular buildings in
severe seismic conditions

ASCE 7 Table 12.3-1 71

Horizontal irregularity:
Torsional (complex layout)
• Draw rectangle around
plan
o Aligned with X & Y
analyses
• Pick opposite corners
• Use corner
displacements to assess
irregularity

ASCE 7 Table 12.3-1 72

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Horizontal irregularity:
Torsional
• Considered with
1 2 3 4 5

55%
accidental torsion
A
o dmax/dave≤55%/50%=1.1
B o Irregularity does not exist
C

D
45%

ASCE 7 Table 12.3-1 73

Horizontal irregularity:
Torsional
• Control strategies
o Balance center of rigidity
with center of mass
o Provide resistance at
building perimeter
• Both axes

ASCE 7 Table 12.3-1 74

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Horizontal irregularity:
Re-entrant corner
• Basis
o Notch-like effect
Floor plate
amplifies diaphragm
forces
• Addressed by
o Increased diaphragm
Re-entrant
corner
forces
>15%(both o Requiring dynamic
directions)
analysis for taller
buildings

ASCE 7 Table 12.3-1 75

Horizontal irregularity:
Re-entrant corner
• 10’<15%(122’)=18.3’
1 2 3 4 5
o OK
A
• 15’>15%(77’)=11.6’
B
• Irregularity does not
C exist
15’-0”

D
10-0”
10’x15’
opening at
corner

ASCE 7 Table 12.3-1 76

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Horizontal irregularity:
Re-entrant corner
• Control strategies
o Provide strong ties at
re-entrant corners
o Provide proportional
lateral resistance in
wings

ASCE 7 Table 12.3-1 77

Horizontal irregularity:
Diaphragm discontinuity
• Basis
o Notch-like effect
amplifies diaphragm
forces
• Addressed by
o Increased diaphragm
forces
Open area o Requiring dynamic
analysis for taller
Gross area
buildings
Open area ≤ 0.5 Gross area

ASCE 7 Table 12.3-1 78

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Horizontal irregularity:
Diaphragm discontinuity
• Opening
1 2 3 4 5
o 20’x25’=500SF
A
• Plan area = 9394SF
B o Irregularity does not
exist
C

20’x25’
opening at
center

ASCE 7 Table 12.3-1 79

Horizontal irregularity:
Diaphragm discontinuity
• Control strategies
o Provide strong ties

ASCE 7 Table 12.3-1 80

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Horizontal irregularity:
Out-of-plane offset
• Basis
o Continuity of load path
sometimes neglected
• Addressed by
o Following load path
o Increased diaphragm
forces

ASCE 7 Table 12.3-1 81

Horizontal irregularity:
Out-of-plane offset
• Irregularity does not
exist

ASCE 7 Table 12.3-1 82

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September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Horizontal irregularity:
Non-parallel systems
• Basis
o Analysis in principal
building axes
Moment insufficient
frames
• Addressed by
Floor plate
o Using Square-root-of-
the-sum-of-the-
squares (SRSS) of
orthogonal analysis
forces

ASCE 7 Table 12.3-1 83

Horizontal irregularity:
Non-parallel systems
• Irregularity does not
1 2 3 4 5
exist
A

ASCE 7 Table 12.3-1 84

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Horizontal Irregularities
• Torsional Not present/likely
• Re-entrant corner Not present
• Diaphragm discontinuity Not present
• Out-of-plane offset Not present
• Non-parallel systems Not present

ASCE 7 Table 12.3-1 85

Vertical irregularity:
Soft story
• Basis
Di+1
o Static analysis may
miss dynamic effect
Di
• Addressed by
o Requiring dynamic
Vi Vi Vi
(modal) analysis for
certain buildings
o Engineers should
Ki ≤ 0.7 Ki+1 consider strengthening
Ki = S Vi / Di the weak story instead
Ki ≤ 0.8 (Ki+1 + Ki+2 + Ki+3)/3
ASCE 7 Table 12.3-2 86

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Vertical irregularity:
Soft story (extreme)
• Basis
Di+1
o Static analysis may
miss dynamic effect
Di
• Addressed by
o Requiring dynamic
Vi Vi Vi
(modal) analysis for
certain buildings

Ki = S Vi / Di
Ki ≤ 0.6
0.7 Ki+1

Ki ≤ 0.7
0.8 (Ki+1 + Ki+2 + Ki+3)/3
ASCE 7 Table 12.3-2 87

Vertical irregularity:
Soft story
• Story stiffness
Di+1
o S Vi / Di, right?
• ELF
Di o Corresponds to given
loading pattern
o Overturning affects
Vi Vi Vi stiffness
• MRSA
o Corresponds to
MRSA shears and
MRSA displacements
Ki = S Vi / Di • Story stiffness varies
with analysis type

ASCE 7 Table 12.3-2 88

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Vertical irregularity:
Soft story
• Proportion members
to demand
• Soft-story irregularity
not likely
o Checked after final
member selection

89

Vertical irregularity:
Mass
• Basis
o Static analysis may
miss dynamic effect
Mi+1
• Addressed by
Mi o Requiring dynamic
(modal) analysis for
certain buildings

Mi ≥ 1.5 Mi+1

Mi ≥ 1.5 Mi-1

ASCE 7 Table 12.3-2 90

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Vertical irregularity:
Mass
• Mass irregularity not
present

Roof weight = 708K

Floor weight = 868K
Floor weight = 868K
Floor weight = 868K

91

Vertical irregularity:
Geometric
• Basis
o Change in dimension
may correspond to
change in stiffness
o Static analysis may
Li+1 miss dynamic effect

Li
• Addressed by
o Requiring dynamic
Li ≥ 1.3 Li+1
(modal) analysis for
certain buildings
Li ≥ 1.3 Li-1

ASCE 7 Table 12.3-2 92

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Vertical irregularity:
Geometric
• Geometric irregularity
not present

93

Vertical irregularity:
In-plane offset
• Basis
o Overturning forces occur
below discontinuous
frame
• Addressed by
o Requiring amplified
overturning forces in
supporting members
o Requiring amplified
diaphragm shear forces

ASCE 7 Table 12.3-2 94

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Vertical irregularity:
In-plane offset
• In-plane offset
irregularity not
present

95

Vertical irregularity:
Weak story
• Basis
o Change in strength may
correspond to change in
stiffness
o Elastic methods may miss
Vi Vi Vi
concentration of damage
• Addressed by
o Requiring dynamic
SVn ≥ 0.8 SVn analysis
i i+1
o Prohibiting certain uses

ASCE 7 Table 12.3-2 96

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Vertical irregularity:
Weak story (extreme)
• Basis
o Change in strength may
correspond to change in
stiffness
o Elastic methods may miss
Vi Vi Vi
concentration of damage
• Addressed by
o Requiring dynamic
SVn ≥ 0.8 SVn analysis
i i+1
o Prohibiting certain uses

ASCE 7 Table 12.3-2 97

Vertical irregularity:
Weak story
• Story strength
o Braced Frames
• Brace strength
o SVn = SRn cos(q)
o Moment Frames
Vi Vi Vi
• Beam strength
o SVn = SVc
• Portal frame
(Session 2)
• Vc = S[Mpr(L/Lh)/h]

ASCE 7 Table 12.3-2 98

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Vertical irregularity:
Weak story
• Proportion members
to demand
• Weak-story
irregularity not likely
o Checked after final
member selection

99

Vertical Irregularities
• Soft story Not present/likely
• Mass Not present
• Geometric Not present
• In-plane offset Not present
• Weak story Not present/likely

ASCE 7 Table 12.3-2 100

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Load combinations

101

Load Combinations
• Determine redundancy factor r
• Determine overstrength factor Wo
• Determine vertical seismic load effect
• Determine live load factor
o L<100psf
o No public assembly
o f1=0.5

ASCE 7 §12.4 102

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Redundancy factor r
SMF
• Moment frame
(Table 12.3-3)
1 2 3 4 5
o Evaluate with one
beam removed A
• Strength loss <33%
B
• No extreme
torsional irregularity
C

103

Redundancy factor r
SMF (elastic method)
• With all frames: • With one frame removed
o F=1/6V/frame (0.167V) o T=Ve
• e= [3 (37.5’)−2 (37.5’)]/5
1 2 3 4 5 =7.5’
F F F
A o Assume 75/(120+75)=38.5%
T resisted by moment
B frames
o 2F~ (2/5V+0.385T/75’)
C = 0.44V
• F=0.219V/frame
D • ~32% increase<33%
F F F

Inelastic methods also permitted

104
for determining strength loss

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Redundancy factor r
SMF (elastic method)
• Line D
o DD=0.562V/3K
=0.187V/K 1 2 3 4 5

• Line A A
o DA=0.439V/2K
=0.219V/K B

• Dave=0.203V/K C
o Dmax/Dave=0.219/0.203
= 1.08 <1.4 OK D

r = 1.0
105

Redundancy factor r
SMF (inelastic method)
• With all frames: • With one frame removed
o V=6Vn o V= 5Vn
• 17% strength loss
1 2 3 4 5
Vn Vn Vn o T=Ve
A • e =7.5’
o T resisted by braced
B frames
o Ve/120’=0.0625V
C
=0.313Vn
D • BRBF OK
Vn Vn Vn

Inelastic methods also permitted

106
for determining strength loss

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Redundancy factor r
SMF (inelastic method)
• Lines A & D
o DD =3F/3KFrame
o DA≥2F/2KFrame =DD
1 2 3 4 5
• Lines 1 & 5
o Assume K1 = K5 = KD A
o D1=D5=0.313F/KD =0.104DD
o qplan=0.104DD/(½*120’) B
• Dave ≥ DD
C
• Dmax=DD+75’qplan
o Dmax/Dave≤ 1+0.104(75’/60’) D
= 1.13 <1.4 OK r = 1.0

Inelastic methods also permitted

107
for determining strength loss

Redundancy factor r
BRBF
• Braced frame
(Table 12.3-3)
1 2 3 4 5
o Evaluate with one
brace removed A
• Strength loss <33%
B
• No extreme
torsional irregularity
C

108

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Redundancy factor r
BRBF
F
• Original frame
o K1~2KFAEcos3q/(½Lbay)
~4KFAEcos3q/Lbay
• With one brace removed
o K2=1/(Fbrace+Fbeam) F
• Fbrace=2/K1
= Lbay /(2KFAEcos3q)
• Fbeam= tan2qLbay3/48EI
• Fbeam= Lbay h2/12EI

109

Redundancy factor r
BRBF
• Much more than 50%
loss in stiffness
o Assume K2<<K1
• 3 braces remain
o ~50% effective strength F
loss in BRBF system
o SMF resist torsion
• Assume moment frames
as stiff as BRBF

110

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Redundancy factor r
BRBF
• Line 5
o D5=V/K
o e=60’
o T=Ve 1 2 3 4 5
• Lines A & D
o Vframe=T/75’=0.8V A
o DAD=0.8V/K
o qplan= 2DAD/75’ B
• Line 1
o D1 =D5 + qplan 120’ C
= 3.56V/K
o Dmax/Dave=3.56/0.8 D
= 4.45>>1.4 r = 1.3

111

Overstrength factor Wo

ASCE 7 Table 12.2-1

112

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Vertical seismic load effect

• Ev =0.2 Sds D
• = 0.2*1.0*D = 0.2D
• Combine with D
• Ru = 1.2D + f1L+ Ev + rEh
• = 1.4D + f1L+ rEh
• Ru = 0.9D − Ev ± rEh
• = 0.7D ± rEh

ASCE 7 §12.4.2
113

Basic Load Combinations (BLC)

• Basic Load Combinations
o Ru = 1.2D + f1L+ Ev + rEh
o Ru = 0.9D − Ev ± rEh
• SMF
o Ru = 1.4D + 0.5L+ 1.0Eh combo M-BLC-1
o Ru = 0.7D ± 1.0Eh combo M-BLC-2
• BRBF
o Ru = 1.4D + 0.5L+ 1.3Eh combo B-BLC-1
o Ru = 0.7D ± 1.3Eh combo B-BLC-2

ASCE 7 §12.4.2
114

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Overstrength Load
Combinations (WoLC)
• Overstrength Load Combinations
o Ru = 1.2D + f1L+ Ev + WoEh
o Ru = 0.9D − Ev ± WoEh
• SMF
o Ru = 1.4D + 0.5L+ 3.0Eh combo M-OLC-1
o Ru = 0.7D ± 3.0Eh combo M-OLC-2
• BRBF
o Ru = 1.4D + 0.5L+ 2.5Eh combo B-OLC-1
o Ru = 0.7D ± 2.5Eh combo B-OLC-2

ASCE 7 §12.4.3
115

Capacity-Limited Load
Combinations (CLLC)
• Capacity-Limited Load Combinations
o Related to Overstrength Load Combinations (WoLC)
• Represents actual overstrength
o Determined by calculation
• WoLC need never be taken as greater than CLLC (Ecl)
• CLLC (Ecl) Required for certain elements of certain systems
o Shear in SMF beams and column splices
o BRBF beams & columns, and brace connections

• SMF & BRBF

o Ru = 1.4D + 0.5L+ Ecl combo CLLC-1
o Ru = 0.7D ± Ecl combo CLLC-2

ASCE 7 2016 §12.4.3

116

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Load Combinations
1 2 3 4 5

30’-0” 30’-0” 30’-0” 30’-0”

Roof CLLC CLLC

14’-0” 12’-6” 12’-6” 12’-6”

(shear) (shear)
4th

BLC WoLC
3rd

2nd
WoLC

1st

117

Load Combinations
A B C D

25’-0” 25’-0” 25’-0”

CLLC
Roof
14’-0” 12’-6” 12’-6” 12’-6”

WoLC
4th

3rd

2nd
CLLC

1st

118

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Load Combinations
• Drift
o 1.0D + 0.5L+ Eh
• Base shear based on
model period (not
limited by CuTa)
• PD based on 1.0D+0.5L

119

Summary

120

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Summary
• Building presented
• Seismic accelerations obtained
• Seismic Design Category D Determined
• SMF & BRBF selected
• Base shear determined
• Load combinations set up
• Wind load determined to be secondary to seismic
for main lateral systems

121

End of Session L1

Next:
Building analysis and
diaphragm design

122

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Question time

123

Individual Webinar Registrants

CEU/PDH Certificates

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

Individual Webinar Registrants

CEU/PDH Certificates

8-Session Package Registrants

CEU/PDH Certificates

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

8-Session Package Registrants

Videos and Quizzes
Videos
• For Sessions R1 – R4, access has been available since July 16.
• For Sessions L1 – L4, find access to recordings within two days after the live
air date. (An email will be sent from [email protected].)
• All recordings are available through October 22.

Quizzes
• For Sessions R1 – R4, access has been available since July 16. Quizzes are
due on October 22.
• For Sessions L1 – L4, find access to quizzes within two days after the live air
date. (An email will be sent from [email protected].) Quizzes are due three
weeks after each live session.
• A final exam will also be given. It will be available October 5 and due October
22.
• Quiz scores are displayed in the Course Resources table.

8-Session Package Registrants

Videos and Quizzes
Attendance and PDH Certificates
• For Sessions R1 – R4, you must pass the quiz to receive credit for the session.
• For Sessions L1 – L4, you have two options to receive credit for the session.
o Option 1: Watch the session live. Credit for live attendance will be
displayed in the Course Resources table within two days of the session.
o Option 2: Watch the recording and pass the quiz.

EEU Certificates – Certificate of Completion

• In addition to PDH certificates earned for each individual session, an EEU
(Equivalent Education Unit) certificate of completion will be issued for
participants who complete the full course. Participants must pass at least 7 of
8 quizzes and the final exam to earn the EEU.

Distribution of Certificates
• All certificates (PDH and EEU) will be issued after the final session. Only the
registrant will receive certificates for the course.

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

8-Session Package Registrants

Course Resources

8-Session Package Registrants

Course Resources

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

8-Session Package Registrants

Course Resources
Go to www.aisc.org and sign in.

8-Session Package Registrants

Course Resources
Go to www.aisc.org and sign in.

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AISC Live Webinar Series Seismic Design in Steel
September 10, 2018 Session L1: Planning the Seismic Design

8-Session Package Registrants

Course Resources

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