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    WPANs

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    علاء البناء

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    WPANs

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    علاء البناء
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    WPANs

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    علاء البناء

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 17

    Wireless and Mobile

    Communications and Networks

    Lecture 8
    WPANs and IoT
    Dr. Abdulmajid Al-Mqdashi
    Wireless Networks
    Wireless NetworksTrends

    WPAN ZigBee Bluetooth UltraWideBand


    Synchronization, 802.15.4 802.15.1 ECMA 368
    Media, Serial, USB,
    Location, tracking
    Low
    WiFi WiFi
    WLAN
    Voice, data,
    802.11b 802.11a/g/n
    Messaging,

    Mobility
    Range

    media

    WMAN Wimax
    Bridging access 802.16e
    Distribution,
    Bypass backhaul
    Full
    WAN
    Voice, data,
    GSM GPRS EDGE UMTS HSDPA/ LTE
    Location/tracking, HSUPA
    telemetry

    1kbps 10kbps 100kbps 1Mbps 10Mbps 100Mbps 1Gbps

    Bit Rate
    Wireless PANs IEEE 802.15
    WPANs: design challanges
    § Battery powered: Maximize battery life.
    • A few hours to a few years on a coin cell.
    § Dynamic topologies: Short duration connections and then device
    is turned off or goes to sleep
    § No infrastructure
    § Avoid Interference due to larger powered LAN devices
    § Simple and Extreme Interoperability: Billions of devices.
    • More variety than LAN or MAN
    § Low-cost: A few dollars
    Personal area networks: Bluetooth
    § less than 10 m diameter
    § replacement for cables (mouse, C
    P

    keyboard, headphones) P
    M
    radius of
    coverage
    § ad hoc: no infrastructure P
    C C
    P
    § 2.4-2.5 GHz ISM radio band, up to 3
    Mbps
    § master controller / clients devices: M master device
    • master polls clients, grants requests for C client device
    client transmissions P parked device (inactive)
    Personal area networks: Bluetooth
    § TDM, 625 msec sec. slot
    § FDM: sender uses 79 frequency C
    P

    channels in known, pseudo-random P


    radius of
    M
    order slot-to-slot (spread spectrum) coverage

    • other devices/equipment not in piconet only C C P


    interfere in some slots P

    § parked mode: clients can “go to sleep”


    (park) and later wakeup (to preserve
    M master device
    battery)
    C client device
    § bootstrapping: nodes self-assemble P parked device (inactive)
    (plug and play) into piconet
    Smart Bluetooth
    ZigBee Radios/ IEEE 802.15.4
    o Low-rate low-power low-cost secure radio
    o Complementary to WiFi and Bluetooth
    o Frequency bands: 784, 868, 915 MHz, 2.4 GHz
    o Data rates: 20Kbps, 40Kbps, 250 Kbps
    o Range: 10-100m line-of-sight
    o Support for large mesh networking or star clusters
    o Support for low latency devices
    o CSMA-CA channel access
    o Applications: light switches, electricity meters, traffic management,
    and other low-power sensors.
    Why ZigBee? Why IEEE 802.15.4?

    §Reliable and self healing §Ultra Low complexity


    §Supports large number of nodes §Ultra Low cost
    §Easy to deploy §Ultra Low power
    consumption
    §Very long battery life §Data reliability
    §Secure §Low data rate
    §Low cost
    §Can be used globally

    10
    Applications
    security
    HVAC TV
    AMR VCR
    lighting control DVD/CD
    access control BUILDING CONSUMER remote
    AUTOMATION ELECTRONICS

    patient ZigBee
    monitoring Wireless Control that mouse
    fitness Simply Works keyboard
    monitoring PERSONAL HEALTH joystick
    CARE PC & PERIPHERALS

    asset mgt security


    process control RESIDENTIAL/ HVAC
    environmental LIGHT lighting control
    energy mgt INDUSTRIAL COMMERCIAL
    CONTROL CONTROL
    access control
    lawn & garden irrigation

    11
    IEEE 802.15.4 & ZigBee In Context

    Application Customer

    API – “the software”


    Security – Network, Security &
    32- / 64- / 128-bit encryption ZigBee
    Alliance Application layers
    Network
    – Brand management
    Star / Mesh / Cluster-Tree

    MAC IEEE 802.15.4


    IEEE
    – “the hardware”
    PHY 802.15.4
    868MHz / 915MHz / 2.4GHz – Physical & Media
    Access Control layers
    Silicon Stack App

    12
    Modulation & Spreading

    §Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)


    • Chipping Sequences
    • 2.4 GHz
    • 32-chip PN codes
    • Chip modulation is MSK at 2.0 Mchips/s
    • 868/915 MHz
    • 15-chip m-sequence
    • Chip modulation is BPSK at 0.3 Mchips/s
    13
    WPANs: IEEE 802.15.4
    § Used by several “Internet of Things” protocols:
    • ZigBee, 6LowPAN, Wireless HART, MiWi, and ISA 100.11a
    WPANs: IEEE 802.15.4 Overview
    § Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Network (LR-WPAN)
    § 2.4 GHz (most common). 16 5-MHz channels
    § 250 kbps PHY 50 kbps application data rate
    § Peak current depends upon symbol rate multilevel 4b/symbol)
    § Similar to 802.11: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum, CSMA/CA,
    Backoff, Beacon, Coordinator (similar to Access point)
    § Lower rate, short distance Lower power Low energy
    § Each node has a 64-bit Extended Unique ID (EUI-64)
    No segmentation/reassembly. Max MAC frame size is 127 bytes
    IEEE 802.15.4 Topologies
    § Star and peer-to-peer
    § Two types of devices:
    • Full Function device (FFD), Reduced Function device (RFD)
    Cluster Tree Network
    § A coordinator can ask another FFD to become a coordinator for a
    subset of nodes. Tree

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