What Is Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing refers to the use of hosted services, such as data storage, servers, databases,
networking, and software over the internet. The data is stored on physical servers, which are
maintained by a cloud service provider. Computer system resources, especially data storage
and computing power, are available on-demand, without direct management by the user in
cloud computing.

Cloud Computing Architecture

Instead of storing files on a storage device or hard drive, a user can save them on cloud, making
it possible to access the files from anywhere, as long as they have access to the web. The
services hosted on cloud can be broadly divided into infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS),
platform-as-a-service (PaaS), and software-as-a-service (SaaS). Based on the deployment model,
cloud can also be classified as public, private, and hybrid cloud.
Further, cloud can be divided into two different layers, namely, front-end and back-end. The
layer with which users interact is called the front-end layer. This layer enables a user to access
the data that has been stored in cloud through cloud computing software.
The layer made up of software and hardware, i.e., the computers, servers, central servers, and
databases, is the back-end layer. This layer is the primary component of cloud and is entirely
responsible for storing information securely. To ensure seamless connectivity between devices
linked via cloud computing, the central servers use a software calledmiddlewareOpens a new
window that acts as a bridge between the database and applications.
Types of Cloud Computing
Cloud computing can either be classified based on the deployment model or the type of service.
Based on the specific deployment model, we can classify cloud as public, private, and hybrid
cloud. At the same time, it can be classified as infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS),
platform-as-a-service (PaaS), and software-as-a-service (SaaS) based on the service the cloud
model offers.

Types of Cloud Computing

Private cloud
In aprivate cloud, the computing services are offered over a private IT network for the dedicated
use of a single organization. Also termed internal, enterprise, or corporate cloud, a private cloud
is usually managed via internal resources and is not accessible to anyone outside the
organization. Private cloud computing provides all the benefits of a public cloud, such as
self-service, scalability, and elasticity, along with additional control, security, and customization.
Private clouds provide a higher level of security through company firewalls and internal hosting
to ensure that an organization’s sensitive data is not accessible to third-party providers. The
drawback of private cloud, however, is that the organization becomes responsible for all the
management and maintenance of the data centers, which can prove to be quite
resource-intensive.
Public cloud
Public cloud refers to computing services offered by third-party providers over the internet.
Unlike private cloud, the services on public cloudare available to anyone who wants to use or
purchase them. These services could be free or sold on-demand, where users only have to pay
per usage for the CPU cycles, storage, or bandwidth they consume.
Public clouds can help businesses save on purchasing, managing, and maintaining on-premises
infrastructure since the cloud service provider is responsible for managing the system. They also
offer scalable RAM and flexible bandwidth, making it easier for businesses to scale their storage
needs.
Hybrid cloud
Hybrid cloud uses a combination of public and private cloud features. The “best of both worlds”
cloud model allows a shift of workloads between private and public clouds as the computing
and cost requirements change. When the demand for computing and processing
fluctuates,hybrid cloudOpens a new window allows businesses to scale their on-premises
infrastructure up to the public cloud to handle the overflow while ensuring that no third-party
data centers have access to their data.
In a hybrid cloud model, companies only pay for the resources they use temporarily instead of
purchasing and maintaining resources that may not be used for an extended period. In short, a
hybrid cloud offers the benefits of a public cloud without its security risks.
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
Infrastructure as a service or IaaS is a type of cloud computing in which a service provider is
responsible for providing servers, storage, and networking over a virtual interface. In this
service, the user doesn’t need to manage the cloud infrastructure but has control over the
storage, operating systems, and deployed applications.
Instead of the user, a third-party vendor hosts the hardware, software, servers, storage, and
other infrastructure components. The vendor also hosts the user’s applications and maintains a
backup.
Platform as a service (PaaS)
Platform as a service or PaaS is a type of cloud computing that provides a development and
deployment environment in cloud that allows users to develop and run applications without the
complexity of building or maintaining the infrastructure. It provides users with resources to
develop cloud-based applications. In this type of service, a user purchases the resources from a
vendor on a pay-as-you-go basis and can access them over a secure connection.
PaaS doesn’t require users to manage the underlying infrastructure, i.e., the network, servers,
operating systems, or storage, but gives them control over the deployed applications. This
allows organizations to focus on the deployment and management of their applications by
freeing them of the responsibility of software maintenance, planning, and resource
procurement.
Software as a service (SaaS)
SaaS or software as a service allows users to access a vendor’s software on cloud on a
subscription basis. In this type of cloud computing, users don’t need to install or download
applications on their local devices. Instead, the applications are located on a remote cloud
network that can be directly accessed through the web or an API.
In the SaaS model, the service provider manages all the hardware, middleware, application
software, and security. Also referred to as ‘hosted software’ or ‘on-demand software’, SaaS
makes it easy for enterprises to streamline their maintenance and support.
Key Benefits and Challenges for Enterprises
The most important reason why cloud computing is growing rapidly is the various benefits it
offers. It saves businesses the time and resources required to set up full-fledged physical IT
infrastructure. Let’s look at all the benefits cloud offers:
● Reduced costs: Maintaining IT systems requires big outlays of capital, something that
cloud helps reduce. By using the resources provided by the cloud provider, businesses
avoid the need to purchase expensive infrastructure, substantially reducing their
expenditure. Cloud providers work on the pay-as-you-go model, which means
businesses only pay for the services they use, further reducing costs.
● Scalability: Cloud allows organizations to grow their users from merely a few to
thousands in a very short time. Depending on the need, a business can scale their
storage needs up or down, allowing organizations to be flexible.
● Flexibility and collaboration: Since the data on cloud can be accessed directly via the
internet, it gives employees the ability to work from anywhere, anytime. Cloud gives
you the freedom to set up your virtual office anywhere you are. It also allows teams
to work on a project across locations by giving them access to the same files as
third-party vendors.
● Business continuity: Cloud safely stores and protects your data in the event of an
outage or crisis. This makes it easier to resume work once the systems are up and
running again.
● Competitive edge: Cloud takes care of various business aspects, such as maintaining
the IT infrastructure, licensing software, or training personnel to manage your data.
It, therefore, gives you an edge over your competitors since the time and resources
you invest are minimal.
Talking about the benefits of cloud computing, Cloud Expert, Lucy Thorpe fromInCloud
SolutionsOpens a new window , says, “Cloud technology is ideal for growing companies because
it allows you to scale up your computing capacity as you grow — adding in extra users and
opening up new functionality. So, for example, if a company buys a software in a box solution
from a cloud service provider, they can start out by using the financials element to speed up
basic accounting processes and then move on to other parts of the system such as HR, CRM,
and Project Management.”
The biggest challenge of cloud computing is the security concerns associated with the
technology. Although cloud service providers assure you of implementing the best security
standards and industry certifications, there’s always a risk while storing your data on cloud.
● Downtime: Almost every cloud user will tell you that outages tops their list ofcloud
computing challengesOpens a new window . At times, cloud service providers may
get overwhelmed due to the huge number of clients they provide services to each
day. This may lead to technical outages, due to which your applications may
temporarily experience some downtime.
● Internet connection dependency: A user may not be able to access the data on cloud
without a good internet connection and a compatible device. Moreover, using public
Wi-Fi to access your files could pose a threat if the right security measures are not
taken.
● Financial commitment: Cloud providers use a pay-as-you-go pricing model. However,
businesses need to give a monthly or annual financial commitment for most
subscription plans. This needs to be factored into their operating costs.
● Security risks: Even if your cloud service provider promises you that they have the
most reliable security certifications, there’s always a chance of losing your data. With
hackers increasingly targeting cloud storage to gain access to sensitive business data,
this might be an even greater concern, for which the appropriate measures need to
be taken.
● Limited access: A user may have minimal control since the cloud service provider
owns and manages the infrastructure. The user would only be able to manage
applications and not the backend infrastructure. Crucial tasks, such as firmware
management, may not be passed to the user at all. You always have to trust a
third-party vendor to ensure security and take care of your data.
Top 10 Cloud Computing Trends for 2021
Globally, cloud computing is a highly mature and steadily growing market. It was valued at $321
billionOpens a new window in 2019 (including all cloud types and service models) and is
expected to reach $1025.9 billion in seven years. 2021 is a landmark year for cloud computing
due to the accelerated pace of adoption in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This has fueled
new trends, focus areas, and opportunities.
1. Companies will spend more on public clouds in the wake of the pandemic
The public cloud has the fewest barriers to entry and is the most accessible for small businesses,
startups, and independent professionals alike. For this reason, the public cloud segment is
slated to grow by 18.4% in 2021, reaching a valuation of $304.9 billion as per Gartner estimates.
This includes software-as-a-service (SaaS), which occupies the largest market share, and
platform-as-a-service (PaaS), which will grow the fastest. Distributed teams and the need for
digital collaboration have increased demand for cloud computing and cloud-based applications,
also extending to areas of IT operations through cloud-based cybersecurity, network
management, and service provisioning.
2. Multi-cloud and hybrid cloud will help alleviate downtime worries
2020 and 2021 have been marked by several notable cloud outages, affecting some of the
largest providers in the world. In March 2020, some of Azure’s North American customers faced
a six-hour outage due to cooling system failure. Google’s cloud services were down several
times last year, and, most recently in April, Microsoft faced another outage, affecting both
Microsoft 365 and Azure. In 2021, companies will invest in multi-cloud and hybrid cloud
strategies, along with cloud-agnostic platforms, to ensure greater IT resiliency.
3. Container technology will slowly but steadily gain in popularity
Containers offer an independent virtual environment to develop and run applications,
regardless of the parent hosting environment (on-premise servers, cloud, or hybrid). Essentially,
it allows companies to set up tiny, segregated clouds within their own infrastructure to improve
their development capabilities.
In 2021, container adoption is slow, but there is significant interest and the promise of steady
growth. Containers enable key benefits like application portability, a sandbox environment for
secure testing, cost savings through more efficient hardware utilization, and support for CI/CD
and DevOps pipelines.
4. Virtual desktops will become more commonplace and mainstream
Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) lets you stream the desktop image remotely without
coupling the desktop with the physical client device. An important use case for VDI is remote
worker productivity, as applications and services can be easily deployed to a remote client
without any complex installation or configuration.
As WFH continues to be the norm in several geographies, VDI will see wider adoption even for
non-technology use cases. Organizations can use it to scale workstations up or down at minimal
capital expense – which is why cloud leader Microsoft is reportedly working on a new Cloud PC
solution, an accessible VDI experience meant for business users.
5. Security technologies will evolve to become cloud-native and edge-first
A vital part of cloud evolution is the decentralization of remote hosting and processing through
edge infrastructure. While cloud was already an area of focus for cybersecurity providers (as
shared resources imply shared security risks), the edge is the next frontier.
This culminates in significant interest around secure access service edge (SASE) in 2021,
covering the entire IT landscape across clouds, data centers, SaaS, and edge devices. Gartner
reports that enterprise SASE adoption will take place over several years, and 2021 could be
when you outline your strategic roadmap.
6. Communication and collaboration will be important cloud use cases
One of the first priorities after the large-scale shift to remote work in 2020 was the
modernization of communication and collaboration channels. Cloud allows companies to
connect remotely, facilitating both internal collaboration and external customer engagement.
This isn’t limited to VoIP or cloud-based video conferencing alone.
Cloud-based tools allow for collaborative coding, collaborative document management,
business intelligence collaboration, and a host of other productivity drivers. As a result,
cloud-based communication and collaboration through unified-communication-as-a-service
(UCaaS), contact-center-as-a-service (CCaaS), and communication-platform-as-a-service (CPaaS)
will be top use cases in 2021.
7. Serverless computing will be an exciting adoption area, even outside of tech
Serverless architectureenables a type of enterprise IT design where code is modular and
isolated. It is a cloud computing execution model where resources are provided as per real-time
demand, assigned to each isolated module. Typically, serverless is limited to technology
companies and platform providers who need to ensure maximum downtime for their products.
However, in 2021, this technology will grow in adoption with a compound annual growth rate
(CAGR) of 32.7%Opens a new window globally. Importantly, deployments will extend outside
the technology industry, with sectors like healthcare, government agencies, and MSPs gaining
from it.
8. Companies will struggle to keep cloud budgets in check
This is a vital trend, one that has been persistent for the last five years, according to a recent
survey by Flexera. On average, organizations waste around 30% of their total cloud spends, and
optimizing cloud costs is a top priority for 61% of companies.
A different survey by Pepperdata found that one in three businesses faced up to 40% cloud
budget overruns in 2020. Therefore, we can expect this to be a challenge this year as well due
to growing cloud adoption, making dedicated cloud cost optimization technologies essential.
9. Cloud will power widespread AI adoption
Artificial intelligence(AI) is increasingly in demand across all business horizontals and verticals.
Cloud computing and the availability of cloud-hosted AI libraries, modeling engines, and
algorithms will be crucial to its adoption.
According to Deloitte’s State of AI in the Enterprise survey, 93% of all AI deployments use
cloud-based capabilities. The two technologies will continue to grow in tandem across 2021.
10. Azure will gradually catch up to AWS, avoiding a market monopoly
Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud are recognized as the Big
Three in the public cloud segment. AWS has been rapidly gaining market share for some time,
and experts have predicted the possibility of a market monopoly.
However, in the last few quarters, Microsoft has grown at an accelerated pace, and the gap
between the two is shrinking. In 2021. We could see AWS and Azure going head-to-head for
some of the industry’s largest contracts, such as the recent JEDI deal with the U.S. Pentagon.

What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud Computing is defined as storing and accessing of data and computing services over the
internet. It doesn’t store any data on your personal computer. It is the on-demand availability of
computer services like servers, data storage, networking, databases, etc. The main purpose of
cloud computing is to give access to data centers to many users. Users can also access data from
a remote server.
Examples of Cloud Computing Services: AWS, Azure,

Why the Name Cloud?

The term “Cloud” came from a network design that was used by network engineers to represent
the location of various network devices and there inter-connection. The shape of this network
design was like a cloud.

Why Cloud Computing?

With increase in computer and Mobile user’s, data storage has become a priority in all fields.
Large and small scale businesses today thrive on their data & they spent a huge amount of
money to maintain this data. It requires a strong IT support and a storage hub. Not all
businesses can afford high cost of in-house IT infrastructure and back up support services. For
them Cloud Computing is a cheaper solution. Perhaps its efficiency in storing data, computation
and less maintenance cost has succeeded to attract even bigger businesses as well.
Cloud computing decreases the hardware and software demand from the user’s side. The only
thing that user must be able to run is the cloud computing systems interface software, which
can be as simple as Web browser, and the Cloud network takes care of the rest. We all have
experienced cloud computing at some instant of time, some of the popular cloud services we
have used or we are still using are mail services like gmail, hotmail or yahoo etc.
While accessing e-mail service our data is stored on cloud server and not on our computer. The
technology and infrastructure behind the cloud is invisible. It is less important whether cloud
services are based on HTTP, XML, Ruby, PHP or other specific technologies as far as it is user
friendly and functional. An individual user can connect to cloud system from his/her own
devices like desktop, laptop or mobile.
Cloud computing harnesses small business effectively having limited resources, it gives small
businesses access to the technologies that previously were out of their reach. Cloud computing
helps small businesses to convert their maintenance cost into profit. Let’s see how?
In an in-house IT server, you have to pay a lot of attention and ensure that there are no flaws
into the system so that it runs smoothly. And in case of any technical glitch you are completely
responsible; it will seek a lot of attention, time and money for repair. Whereas, in cloud
computing, the service provider takes the complete responsibility of the complication and the
technical faults.
Types of Clouds
There are four different cloud models that you can subscribe according to business needs.
Following are the different Types of Clouds:

Types of Clouds
1. Private Cloud: Here, computing resources are deployed for one particular organization.
This method is more used for intra-business interactions. Where the computing
resources can be governed, owned and operated by the same organization.
2. Community Cloud: Here, computing resources are provided for a community and
organizations.
 3. Public Cloud: This type of cloud is used usually for B2C (Business to Consumer) type
interactions. Here the computing resource is owned, governed and operated by
government, an academic or business organization.
4. Hybrid Cloud: This type of cloud can be used for both type of interactions – B2B
(Business to Business) or B2C ( Business to Consumer). This deployment method is called
hybrid cloud as the computing resources are bound together by different clouds.
Benefits of Cloud Computing
The potential for cost saving is the major reason of cloud services adoption by many
organizations. Cloud computing gives the freedom to use services as per the requirement and
pay only for what you use. Due to cloud computing it has become possible to run IT operations
as a outsourced unit without much in-house resources.
Now in this Cloud Computing tutorial, we will learn the benefits of Cloud Computing.
1. Lower IT infrastructure and computer costs for users
2. Improved performance
3. Fewer Maintenance issues
4. Instant software updates
5. Improved compatibility between Operating systems
6. Backup and recovery
7. Performance and Scalability
8. Increased storage capacity
9. Increase data safety
Examples of Cloud Computing
Here are some examples of Cloud computing applications:
Health Care:
Medical professionals can do diagnostics, host information, and analyze patients remotely with
the help of cloud computing. Cloud computing allows doctors to share information quickly from
anywhere. It also saves costs by allowing large data file transfers instantly. This certainly
increases efficiency.
Ultimately, cloud technology helps the medical team ensure patients receive the best possible
care without unnecessary delay. The condition of patients can also be updated in seconds with
the help of remote conferencing.
Education:
Cloud computing is also useful in educational institutions for distance learning. It offers various
services for universities, colleges, professors, and teachers to reach thousands of students all
around the world. Companies like Google and Microsoft offer various services free of charge to
faculties, teachers, professors, and students from various learning institutions. Various
educational institutions across the world use these services to improve their efficiency and
productivity.
Government:
The U.S. military and government were early adopters of cloud computing. Their Cloud
incorporates social, mobile, and analytics technologies. Although, they must adhere to strict
compliance and security measures (FIPS, FISMA, and FedRAMP). This protects against cyber
threats both domestically and abroad.
Big data Analytics:
Cloud computing helps data scientists analyze various data patterns, insights for better
predictions and decision making. There are many open-source big data development and
analytics tools available like Cassandra, Hadoop, etc., for this purpose.
Communication:
Cloud computing provides network-based access to communication tools like emails and social
media. WhatsApp also uses a cloud-based infrastructure to facilitate user communications. All
the information is stored in the service provider’s hardware.
Business Process:
Nowadays, many business processes like emails, ERP, CRM, and document management have
become cloud-based services. SaaS has become the most vital method for enterprises. Some
examples of SaaS include Salesforce, HubSpot.
Facebook, Dropbox, and Gmail:
Cloud computing can be used for the storage of files. It helps you automatically synchronize the
files from different devices like desktop, tablet, mobile, etc. Dropbox allows users to store and
access files up to 2 GB for free. It also provides an easy backup feature.
Social Networking platforms like Facebook demand powerful hosting to manage and store data
in real-time. Cloud-based communication provides click-to-call facilities from social networking
sites and access to the instant messaging system.
Citizen Services:
The cloud technology can be used for handling citizen services too. It is widely used for storing,
managing, updating citizen details, acknowledging forms, and even verifying the current status
of applications can be performed with the help of cloud computing.
Cloud Computing Services
The three major Cloud Computing Offerings are
● Software as a Service (SaaS)
● Platform as a Service (PaaS)
● Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Different business use some or all of these components according to their requirement.
SaaS (Software as a Service)
SaaS or software as a service is a software distribution model in which applications are hosted
by a vendor or service provider and made available to customers over a network (internet).
SaaS is becoming an increasingly prevalent delivery model as underlying technologies that
supports Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) or Web Services. Through internet this service is
available to users anywhere in the world.
Traditionally, software application needed to be purchased upfront &then installed it onto your
computer. SaaS users on the other hand, instead of purchasing the software subscribes to it,
usually on monthly basis via internet.
Anyone who needs an access to a particular piece of software can be subscribe as a user,
whether it is one or two people or every thousands of employees in a corporation. SaaS is
compatible with all internet enabled devices.
Many important tasks like accounting, sales, invoicing and planning all can be performed using
SaaS.
PaaS (Platform as a Service)
Platform as a service, is referred as PaaS, it provides a platform and environment to allow
developers to build applications and services. This service is hosted in the cloud and accessed by
the users via internet.
To understand in a simple terms, let compare this with painting a picture, where you are
provided with paint colors, different paint brushes and paper by your school teacher and you
just have to draw a beautiful picture using those tools.

PaaS services are constantly updated & new features added. Software developers, web
developers and business can benefit from PaaS. It provides platform to support application
development. It includes software support and management services, storage, networking,
deploying, testing, collaborating, hosting and maintaining applications.
IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)
IaaS (Infrastructure As A Service) is one of the fundamental service model of cloud computing
alongside PaaS( Platform as a Service). It provides access to computing resources in a virtualized
environment “the cloud” on internet. It provides computing infrastructure like virtual server
space, network connections, bandwidth, load balancers and IP addresses. The pool of hardware
resource is extracted from multiple servers and networks usually distributed across numerous
data centers. This provides redundancy and reliability to IaaS.

IaaS(Infrastructure as a service) is a complete package for computing. For small scale

businesses who are looking for cutting cost on IT infrastructure, IaaS is one of the solutions.
Annually a lot of money is spent in maintenance and buying new components like hard-drives,
network connections, external storage device etc. which a business owner could have saved for
other expenses by using IaaS.
Grid Computing Vs Cloud Computing
When we switch on the fan or any electric device, we are less concern about the power supply
from where it comes and how it is generated. The power supply or electricity that we receives
at our home travels through a chain of network, which includes power stations, transformers,
power lines and transmission stations. These components together make a ‘Power Grid’.
Likewise, ‘Grid Computing’ is an infrastructure that links computing resources such as PCs,
servers, workstations and storage elements and provides the mechanism required to access
them.

Grid Computing is a middle ware to co-ordinate disparate IT resources across a network,

allowing them to function as whole. It is more often used in scientific research and in
universities for educational purpose. For example, a group of architect students working on a
different project requires a specific designing tool and a software for designing purpose but only
couple of them got access to this designing tool, the problem is how they can make this tool
available to rest of the students. To make available for other students they will put this
designing tool on campus network, now the grid will connect all these computers in campus
network and allow student to use designing tool required for their project from anywhere.
Cloud computing and Grid computing is often confused, though there functions are almost
similar there approach for their functionality is different. Let see how they operate-

Cloud Computing Grid Computing

Cloud computing works more as a service Grid computing uses the available resource
provider for utilizing computer resource and interconnected computer systems to
accomplish a common goal

Cloud computing is a centralized model Grid computing is a decentralized model,

where the computation could occur over
many administrative model

Cloud is a collection of computers usually A grid is a collection of computers which is

owned by a single party. owned by a multiple parties in multiple
locations and connected together so that
users can share the combined power of
resources

Cloud offers more services all most all the Grid provides limited services
services like web hosting, DB (Data Base)
support and much more

Cloud computing is typically provided within Grid computing federates the resources
a single organization (eg : Amazon) located within different organization.

Utility Computing Vs Cloud Computing

In our previous conversation in “Grid Computing” we have seen how electricity is supplied to
our house, also we do know that to keep electricity supply we have to pay the bill. Utility
Computing is just like that, we use electricity at home as per our requirement and pay the bill
accordingly likewise you will use the services for the computing and pay as per the use this is
known as ‘Utility computing’. Utility computing is a good source for small scale usage, it can be
done in any server environment and requires Cloud Computing.
Utility computing is the process of providing service through an on-demand, pay per use billing
method. The customer or client has access to a virtually unlimited supply of computing
solutions over a virtual private network or over the internet, which can be sourced and used
whenever it’s required. Based on the concept of utility computing , grid computing, cloud
computing and managed IT services are based.

Utility Computing Cloud Computing

Utility computing refers to the ability to Cloud Computing also works like utility
charge the offered services, and charge computing, you pay only for what you use but
customers for exact usage Cloud Computing might be cheaper, as such,
Cloud based app can be up and running in
days or weeks.
 Utility computing users want to be in control In cloud computing, provider is in complete
of the geographical location of the control of cloud computing services and
infrastructure infrastructure

Utility computing is more favorable when Cloud computing is great and easy to use
performance and selection infrastructure is when the selection infrastructure and
critical performance is not critical

Utility computing is a good choice for less Cloud computing is a good choice for high
resource demanding resource demanding

Utility computing refers to a business model Cloud computing refers to the underlying IT
architecture

Through utility computing small businesses with limited budget can easily use software like
CRM (Customer Relationship Management) without investing heavily on infrastructure to
maintain their clientele base.Security concerns for Cloud Computing
While using cloud computing, the major issue that concerns the users is about its security.
One concern is that cloud providers themselves may have access to customer’s unencrypted
data- whether it’s on disk, in memory or transmitted over the network.
Some countries government may decide to search through data without necessarily notifying
the data owner, depending on where the data resides, which is not appreciated and is
considered as a privacy breach (Example Prism Program by USA).
To provide security for systems, networks and data cloud computing service providers have
joined hands with TCG ( Trusted Computing Group) which is non-profit organization which
regularly releases a set of specifications to secure hardware, create self-encrypting drives and
improve network security. It protects the data from root kits and malware.
As computing has expanded to different devices like hard disk drives and mobile phones, TCG
has extended the security measures to include these devices. It provides ability to create a
unified data protection policy across all clouds.
Some of the trusted cloud services are Amazon, Box.net, Gmail and many others.
Privacy Concern & Cloud Computing
Privacy present a strong barrier for users to adapt into Cloud Computing systems
There are certain measures which can improve privacy in cloud computing.
1. The administrative staff of the cloud computing service could theoretically monitor the
data moving in memory before it is stored in disk. To keep the confidentiality of a data,
administrative and legal controls should prevent this from happening.
2. The other way for increasing the privacy is to keep the data encrypted at the cloud
storage site, preventing unauthorized access through the internet; even cloud vendor
can’t access the data either.
Case-Study of Cloud Computing- Royal Mail
● Subject of Case-Study:Using Cloud Computing for effective communication among staff.
● Reason for using Cloud Computing:Reducing the cost made after communication for
28,000 employees and to provide advance features and interface of e-mail services to
their employees.
Royal mail group, a postal service in U.K, is the only government organization in U.K that serves
over 24 million customers through its 12000 post offices and 3000 separate processing sites. Its
logistics systems and parcel-force worldwide handles around 404 million parcel a year. And to
do this they need an effective communicative medium. They have recognized the advantage of
Cloud Computing and implemented it to their system. It has shown an outstanding performance
in inter-communication.
Before moving on to Cloud system, the organization was struggling with the out-of-date
software, and due to which the operational efficiency was getting compromised. As soon as the
organization switched on to Cloud System, 28000 employees were supplied with their new
collaboration suite, giving them access to tools such as instant messaging and presence
awareness. The employees got more storage place than on local server. The employees became
much more productive.
Looking to the success of Cloud Computing in e-mail services and communication .The second
strategic move of Royal Mail Group, was to migrating from physical servers to virtual servers,
upto 400 servers to create a private cloud based on Microsoft hyper V. This would give a fresh
look and additional space to their employees desktop and also provides latest modern exchange
environment.
The hyper V project by RMG’s (Royal Mail Group) is estimated to save around 1.8 million pound
for them in future and will increase the efficiency of the organization’s internal IT system.
The above Cloud Computing Tutorial covers all the basic Cloud Computing notes and Cloud
Computing Examples which helps you to understand all the Cloud Computing basics.

Top Cloud Computing Interview Questions

Having an idea about the most popular cloud computing interview questions or cloud
computing questions can help you prepare better for related interviews.
1. What are the advantages of Cloud Computing?
This cloud computing question must be answered with all the examples relevant to this time.
Extending an outdated answer might lead recruiters to think your knowledge is limited to
books. Here’s how you can approach this cloud computing question.
Cloud Computing technology helps the users avail of a more extensive network of global web
servers. This directly boosts the productivity and performance of the web platform and makes
development efficient in terms of cost and time. Cloud computing also increments the data
storage and data backup capacities of the web servers. Due to the boosted interaction between
different web servers, the server capabilities are made much more powerful.
2. Describe the different cloud service models?
There are predominantly three models of cloud service. Each come with their own sets of
advantages and are at variance with each other with regards to one or the other features.
Before opting for one of them, let’s understand their characteristics and gauge how they fit
within our individual requirements.
● IaaS- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) consists of highly automated compute resources.
Businesses can avail of on-demand hardware resources through IaaS without having to
make any upfront hardware purchase. IaaS is highly scalable and can assist in quickly
accessing and monitoring computers, database storage, and other networking services.
● PaaS-Platform as a Service (PaaS) is helpful in customizing applications that require cloud
components. PaaS helps in streamlining the workflow in the situations which involve
more than one developer. While developers can manage the applications, businesses get
to use the network and storage.
● SaaS- Software as a Service (SaaS) refers to the service model where applications are
delivered to the user using cloud platforms, and the third party can then manage the
applications. They are incredibly convenient to use since they do not require any
additional installations.
3. What are some of the popularly used cloud computing services?
Cloud computing has come to be used widely across industries. Some of the top players, in this
case, are Windows Azure, Amazon Web Services, and iCloud, which is exclusively for the iOs
users. These are the broadly used cloud platforms. However, there are emerging cloud services
available in the market. Other popularly used cloud computing services include Google Cloud,
Alibaba Cloud, IBM Cloud, and Oracle.
4. What are the main differences between public, private, and hybrid clouds?
Cloud deployment models vary, and understanding their suitability for different scenarios is
essential.
Public Cloud: Owned and managed by third-party providers, the public cloud allows multiple
organizations to share computing resources over the Internet. It offers scalability,
cost-effectiveness, and offloading infrastructure management. However, data security concerns
and limited customization might be drawbacks.
Private Cloud: Solely dedicated to one organization, the private cloud can be on-premises or
hosted by a third party. It provides increased control, security, and customization, which is ideal
for businesses with strict data privacy needs and specialized workloads. But it may involve
higher initial costs and require in-house management expertise.
Hybrid Cloud: Combining public and private clouds, the hybrid cloud allows seamless integration
and data portability. Businesses can enjoy scalability and cost savings for non-sensitive data in
the public cloud while keeping critical applications and data secure in the private cloud. Proper
integration and data synchronization are crucial in this approach.
5. How does cloud security work, and what are the primary concerns?
Cloud security encompasses a comprehensive array of measures and protocols to safeguard
data, applications, and infrastructure within cloud environments. To achieve this, various
methods are employed:
Data Encryption: Cloud service providers use encryption techniques to protect data during
storage and transmission, ensuring that unauthorized access cannot compromise sensitive
information.
Access Controls: Cloud platforms implement robust access control mechanisms to manage user
permissions effectively, preventing unauthorized entry to critical resources.
Identity and Access Management (IAM): IAM solutions manage user identities, authentication,
and authorization, allowing only authorized users to access specific resources.
Firewalls: Cloud providers utilize firewalls to monitor and control network traffic, creating a
protective barrier against unauthorized access and potential threats.
Major concerns in cloud security include
Data Breaches: Unauthorized access to sensitive data is a significant concern, emphasizing the
need for robust security measures to prevent data breaches and safeguard confidential
information.
Insider Threats: Individuals with legitimate access to cloud resources, such as employees, can
unintentionally or maliciously jeopardize data and systems.
Insecure APIs: Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) can be entry points for attackers.
Ensuring robust API security is crucial to prevent vulnerabilities.
Data Loss: Data loss may occur due to accidental deletion or hardware failure, making robust
data backup and recovery mechanisms essential.
Compliance and Regulatory Issues: Cloud providers must adhere to data protection and privacy
regulations like GDPR, HIPAA, or PCI DSS, as non-compliance can lead to severe legal and
financial consequences.
Shared Tenancy: In multi-tenant cloud environments, multiple users share resources,
necessitating sufficient isolation and security measures to prevent data leakage and
unauthorized access.
Misconfigurations: Improperly configured cloud resources can expose sensitive data or create
entry points for attackers. Regular monitoring and adherence to best practices are crucial to
prevent misconfigurations. By addressing these concerns with diligence, cloud security can be
bolstered and data integrity maintained.

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6. Define Hybrid Cloud

Hybrid cloud integrates private and public cloud services to support parallel, integrated, or
complementary tasks.
Rather than restricting organisations to uniform in-house data centres or outsourcing
completely, the hybrid model effectively supports allocating processing across environments
dynamically.
Certain sensitive, business-critical systems warrant running in private clouds or on-premises
servers under strict control access policies meeting security regulations. Public options handle
use cases around scalable web hosting, storage, or machine learning, giving vast self-service
capacities despite looser tenancy. A hybrid cloud retains governance where compulsory while
leveraging abundant elastic resources externally wherever efficiency gains arise.
Strategic workload placement minimizes costs when public cloud economics make sense while
keeping custom legacy systems internally avoids risk.
7. What is the difference between the Hybrid Cloud and Hybrid IT?
The hybrid cloud term is supposed to be integrating public and private clouds.
Hybrid IT is what results when hybrid cloud efforts in organizations become more of advanced
virtualization and automation environments with various features. And there haven’t been a lot
of success stories of organizations being able to really build and maintain real hybrid clouds.
They’ve done some things with OpenStack, but, for the most part, private cloud-inspired
environments powered by VMware dominate. Therefore, a substitute term — hybrid IT —
actually better describes the bulk of hybrid scenarios. This does not, however, change the need
for clarity in terminology.
The hybrid cloud must involve some combination of cloud styles (private, public, community),
but physical location is not a definitive aspect of the style. The bottom line is that most users of
the hybrid cloud term have really meant hybrid IT thus far.
8. What is The Packaging of Hybrid Cloud? What are the two main types of packaged hybrid
cloud?
Packaged hybrid means you have a vendor-provided private cloud offering that is packaged and
connected to a public cloud in a tethered way. Azure Stack from Microsoft is an excellent
example of this packaging, but there is another approach as well. We call these two main
approaches “like-for-like” hybrid and “layered technology” hybrid (spanning different
technology bases).
Azure and Azure Stack typify the like-for-like hybrid approach. Azure Stack is not exactly the
same as Azure in the public cloud, but they try to approximate it. AWS Outposts, as announced,
can be used in a private cloud model (where no other companies have access). If so, it
represents an example of the like-for-like approach.
However, the broader strategy represented by AWS Outposts would encourage a more
distributed model where each Outpost is opened to near neighbours. Oracle Cloud at Customer
(one of the original attempts at this) is also another example of this approach, but it is evolving
toward a new style of cloud computing we call distributed cloud (see the Distributed Cloud
section). Like-for-like solutions provide the “full-stack” but not necessarily the hardware, all
managed by a single vendor.
The layered hybrid approach is based on integration across different underlying technology — a
portability layer of sorts. This is where Google and IBM have focused. Google, with its recently
announced Anthos (formerly its cloud services platform) and IBM with its cloud private as well
as the direction it is headed in with the pending acquisition of Red Hat and Openshift, which
also fits into this model. There are many challenges regarding this approach’s ability to fulfill on
the vision of distributed cloud
9. What is a Distributed Cloud?
The distributed cloud may be defined as the distribution of public cloud services to different
physical locations. They are specifically used to meet various kinds of compliance needs and
performance requirements. In contrast, operation, governance, updates, and the evolution of
the services are the responsibility of the originating public cloud provider.
Distributed cloud computing is a style of cloud computing where the location of the cloud
services is a critical component of the model. Historically, the location has not been relevant to
cloud computing definitions, although issues related to it are essential in many situations. While
many people claim that a private cloud or hybrid cloud requires on-premises computing, this is
a misconception.
A private cloud can be done in a hosted data center or, more often, in virtual individual cloud
instances, which are not on-premises. Likewise, the hybrid cloud does not require that the
individual components of the hybrid are in any specific location. However, with the advent of
distributed cloud, location formally enters the definition of a style of cloud services.
Distributed cloud supports the tethered and untethered operation of like-for-like cloud services
from the public cloud “distributed” out to specific and varied physical locations. This enables an
essential characteristic of distributed cloud operation — low-latency compute where the to
compute operations for the cloud services are closer to those who need the capabilities. This
can result in major upgrades in performance and reduce the risk of global network-related
outages.
Furthermore, distributed clouds also provide us with guaranteed quality of service (QoS),
especially for mission-critical applications and mobile users.
Read: How to become a good cloud engineer?
10. Define what MultiCloud is?
Multicloud computing may be defined as the deliberate use of the same type of cloud services
from multiple public cloud providers.
This term has been challenging because, while there are three main use cases, there are other
uses of the term in common use as well. And one of them is the use of multiple cloud providers
for different purposes. A prevalent situation is for an organization to use AWS for infrastructure
and Office 365 for the cloud office.
This is very clearly two various providers, but also clearly for two very different purposes. This is
not a deliberate use of the two in any coordinated way, so that’s not really indicative of the
primary intent of multi-cloud. There are also other multi cloud-oriented situations, such as
relying on application providers to support multiple platforms underneath.
But multi-cloud is really a deliberate strategy to deal with and leverage the potential benefits
(for example portability and vendor independence) of multiple cloud providers for, in most
cases, the same or similar types of scenarios or things
Answering such cloud computing basics interview questions in-depth will enable recruiters to
know your basics are polished, and you can easily take up the role knowing its foundation.
11. What is a multi-cloud strategy?
The way most organizations adopt the cloud is that they typically start with one provider. They
then continue down that path and eventually begin to get a little concerned about being too
dependent on one vendor. So they will start entertaining the use of another provider or at least
allowing people to use another provider.
They may even use a functionality-based approach. For example, they may use Amazon as their
primary cloud infrastructure provider, but they may decide to use Google for analytics, machine
learning, and big data. So this type of multi-cloud strategy is driven by sourcing or procurement
(and perhaps on specific capabilities), but it doesn’t focus on anything in terms of technology
and architecture.
Two of the major factors that drive the deployment of a multi-cloud strategy are redundancy
and vendor lock-in concerns. Apart from these, other factors might also include the need for
more price-competitive cloud services, speed, capacity, or the various other advantageous
features that accompanies a particular cloud provider of a particular location.
The next step, as they mature, is toward what we call multi-cloud management or governance.
This step comes after you have multiple providers, and you need to have some semblance of
control over the resultant environment. It can be simple, a single pane of glass for monitoring
and then progressing from there. There may also be a multi-cloud architecture where you
actually have a desire to make the workloads portable, either as a possibility or in actuality.
This leads to a focus on portability, similar in concept to Java. You could even go into very
advanced environments like cloud bursting or dynamic figuring, which is the dynamic allocation
of where you’re going to run workloads based on availability or spot pricing. Those things are
pretty rare today. But with more and more advanced cloud use cases, these scenarios are
becoming more real. In fact, with the advent of these new packaged hybrid types of
environments, we may see more of that because it’ll be easier to do.
There are instances when multi-cloud is not so much a strategy as it is a situation that must be
dealt with. The result of a merger or acquisition can lead an organization this way, as can other
situations best described as evolutionary. Much of what is described here is applicable, but it
should be noted that there are exceptions
12. What is Cloud-Native
Cloud native is a frequently discussed topic in the cloud computing basic interview questions.
Let’s find out its basic definition to get started.
Cloud-native definition: Something is cloud-native if it is created to leverage cloud
characteristics.
Those cloud characteristics are part of the original definition of cloud computing. It’s all about
capabilities delivered as a service that is scalable and elastic, metered by use, service-based,
ubiquitous by means of internet technologies, and shared. Sometimes people will trade off one
or more of these. For example, sharing can be problematic for some, and they may accept less
elasticity as a result of not enabling sharing.
13. What is meant by Edge Computing, and how is it related to the cloud?
Unlike cloud computing, edge computing is all about the physical location and issues related to
latency. Cloud and edge are complementary concepts combining the strengths of a centralized
system with the advantages of distributed operations at the physical location where things and
people connect. Edge is very common in IoT scenarios and is very different from the cloud.
Cloud has never been about location. In fact, it has always been about the independence of
location. That’s why private, public hybrid and all these other terms exist
There are many edge scenarios, but one of the more popular ones is where you have cloud and
edge together, and the cloud provider (like Amazon with Greengrass) controls, runs and defines
the architecture for what is out at the edge.
Edge and cloud are complementary and both part of a broader concept — distributed cloud.
While there has been some confusion around these terms, greater understanding is happening
and the majority of those pursuing edge computing strategies are now viewing edge as part of
their overall cloud strategy.
14. State some of the key features of Cloud Computing.
This is one of the most popularly asked basic cloud computing interview questions for freshers,
which exhibits your basic knowledge and promising skills in the cloud analyst interview
questions. The following list contains some of the top features of cloud computing that you can
extend in the interview to answer this question.
● Quality Of Service– Cloud computing provides its users with the best quality of service
experience. Any compromise or irregularity in the said services can cause potential
damage to the popularity of the company, and might result in loss of customers.
● Flexibility– In this dynamic competitive environment, scalability is one of the crucial
elements for any company. However, scalability does not require companies to restart
their servers since it can be done at any stage. Hosting in Cloud is one of the key features
of cloud computing that enables its users to enjoy additional flexibility. Furthermore,
cloud computing also provides flexibility in payment options, so companies no longer
need to spend extra money on needless resources.
● Easy Maintenance– Cloud Computing resources are regularly updated with various
features that help to improve their capabilities. The servers can be maintained quite
effortlessly, which means the downtime is very low, often equivalent to zero.

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15. How is data loss prevented in cloud computing?

Cloud service providers implement various measures to prevent data loss and ensure the
reliability of cloud data storage. A key technique is redundancy, where data is replicated across
multiple physical drives and servers. Even if some hardware fails, data continues being available
from replica copies. Providers also utilise error-checking mechanisms like parity bits and
checksums to prevent and detect data corruption. Data is encrypted both at rest and in transit
using industry-standard protocols, protecting it even if drives end up in the wrong hands.
Backups are done periodically to secondary facilities, so data persists through regional outages
or disasters.
Versioning tracks changes over time, allowing recovery of older versions of accidentally deleted
or changed files. Through meticulous access control and identity management, providers
minimise opportunities for data leakage, loss through human error or malicious actions. With
disciplined data governance and advanced resilience mechanisms, cloud platforms provide
enterprise-grade assurance against data loss while harnessing economies of scale.
16. What is the future of cloud computing?
Cloud computing is poised to continue disrupting industries in the years ahead. As connectivity
and infrastructure improves globally, more enterprises are expected to migrate their data and
workloads to the cloud, seeking agility, collaboration capabilities and economies of scale.
Serverless computing could really take off, allowing organisations to focus innovation without
managing infrastructure. Multi-cloud and hybrid cloud deployments will dominate as businesses
avoid vendor lock-in and leverage diverse strengths of cloud platforms.
Emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, blockchain and quantum computing will likely
integrate closely with cloud services for powerful combined capabilities. Security and data
sovereignty will remain key considerations though. Further evolution of cloud interoperability
standards will help data transfer across platforms. With 5G, proliferating edge devices and
advances in virtualization, we can expect a deeper proliferation of cloud across sectors going
forward. The future seems promising for cloud to become the foundational architecture
powering innovation.
17. How do you monitor and manage cloud applications?
Managing cloud apps can be tricky with so many moving parts, but the major cloud providers
like AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud give us some handy built-in tools to keep tabs on things.
Their dashboards let you see at a glance how your compute, storage, and bandwidth are
holding up. And services like CloudWatch aggregate all those error logs and transactions so you
can pinpoint problems. Tracing requests end-to-end is super helpful for finding bottlenecks in
complex multi-tier apps.
Cloud platforms also make it easy to set up auto-scaling policies, so your apps can scale up or
down automatically based on demand. That’s huge for efficiency and cost control. And
Kubernetes has been a game changer for wrangling containerised apps – it handles scaling,
failovers, and more under the hood so you don’t have to.
Also, great third-party monitoring tools give you extra visibility into app performance. The key is
getting visibility at the infrastructure and app layers. And you’ll want robust access controls,
backup systems, and patching for governance and compliance.
18. What are the environmental impacts of cloud computing?
Here are the main environmental impacts of cloud computing in bullet point form:
 ● Energy usage – Massive data centers consume large amounts of electricity. Estimates
range from 2% to 5% of global energy usage.
● Renewable energy – Cloud providers increasingly use renewable energy sources like
wind and solar, signing long-term contracts. But there is room for improvement.
● Hardware production – Servers must be replaced every few years, producing large
amounts of e-waste. Proper recycling of older hardware is essential.
● Hardware waste – Used servers and components removed during upgrades create large
amounts of e-waste if not disposed of responsibly.
● Optimisation – Cloud users can help by right-sizing resources, optimising workloads, and
avoiding over-provisioning to improve efficiency and reduce waste.
● Monitoring – Continued monitoring of sustainability efforts by both cloud providers and
business users is important to minimise environmental footprints.
● Creative solutions – To reduce environmental impacts, providers and users must
implement creative sustainability solutions related to energy, hardware, and usage
optimisation.
● Efficiency benefits – When used strategically, the cloud offers huge efficiency benefits
over on-prem infrastructure and computing. But environmental impacts need to be
consciously addressed.
19. How does encryption work in cloud computing?
Encryption is a really important part of keeping data secure in the cloud. The basic idea is it
scrambles everything using complex math formulas so only authorized folks with a secret key
can unscramble it back into usable data again.
When your data gets encrypted, it becomes a coded form called ciphertext. You need the right
decryption key or password to decrypt it back to regular plaintext.
The big cloud providers like AWS and Azure encrypt data by default as it goes into the cloud and
stored there. Data traveling to the cloud gets encrypted using HTTPS. Data sitting in cloud
storage gets encrypted at rest on the servers.
You can even encrypt stuff yourself before uploading it to have total control. That way the cloud
provider only ever stores ciphertext they can’t actually read without your keys.
Those encryption keys must be kept super secure since they unlock all the data. Cloud platforms
provide key management tools to help with that process.
20. What is a Content Delivery Network (CDN)?
A CDN, or Content Delivery Network, is a network of servers that helps deliver content fast. The
servers are spread out in data centers across different geographic locations.
When someone requests your website, video, app, etc., the CDN routes the request to the
server closest to that person. This makes the content load super quick since it doesn’t have to
travel as far.
CDNs also cache, or store, content temporarily on their servers. So if someone else nearby
requests the same content shortly after, the CDN serves it directly from the cached copy. That
avoids having to fetch it again from the original source server.
Big cloud providers like AWS and Azure have their own Content Delivery Networks. Sites and
apps can use these CDNs to make their content blazing fast for users worldwide.
CDNs help deal with huge spikes in traffic too. They can balance loads across many servers and
keep content speedy even for huge hits.
21. How do you manage resource provisioning in the cloud?
● Understand application resource requirements – Study usage metrics like traffic, storage,
and computing needs to properly size resources. Do projections for new launches or
usage spikes.
● Use auto-scaling tools – Cloud providers have auto-scaling capabilities that can
automatically spin up resources based on triggers and rules. This dynamically provisions
capacity as needed.
● Monitor usage in real-time – Use live dashboards and monitoring tools to track resource
utilisation. Watch for over or under provisioning and adjust accordingly.
● Analyse usage over time – Look at usage trends, seasonal peaks, and growth to forecast
capacity needs and optimise provisioning.
● Right-size resources – Deallocate resources that are consistently underutilised to avoid
overspending. But make sure to maintain performance.
● Plan maintenance windows – Schedule infrastructure maintenance and shutdowns
during periods of low traffic to maximise savings.
● Involve stakeholders – Get business teams involved to understand budget and business
requirements. Plan capacity collaboratively.
22. What is the role of a cloud architect?
A cloud architect is the person who designs and plans out cloud environments for companies.
They’re like the blueprints expert for building in the cloud.
Cloud architects start by understanding a client’s business goals and requirements for
applications or infrastructure. From there, they design optimal cloud solutions to meet those
needs.
This involves making recommendations on the right cloud services, infrastructure design,
storage, networking, and integration with existing systems. For example, advising which
compute and database services to use on AWS.
Architects also focus on security, scalability and efficiency in their designs. They aim to build
solutions that are cost-effective and flexible for future needs.
During implementation, an architect oversees translating plans into reality. They work closely
with engineering teams to make sure rollout and migration goes smoothly.
Cloud Computing- Top Advantages
Besides understanding what the top interview questions on cloud computing, and cloud
computing interview questions for freshers are, take a look at the top advantages of cloud
computing. These are often a part of your cloud basics interview questions, so prepare well!
● Money Saving: When on Cloud, you can easily access all company data. This helps save
time as well as money as you start on new projects. Cloud-computing-related services
mostly follow a pay-as-you-go format to utilize the resources as per requirements.
● Security: A cloud’s host primarily monitors security, extending a similar way to manage,
utilize and store data but making it even better and more efficient compared to
traditional in-house systems. According to a RapidScale study, close to 94 percent of
businesses felt that security had gotten better after shifting to Cloud systems.
● Mobility: The cloud computing concept enables mobile access to all corporate data
using smartphones and linked devices.
● Flexibility: Cloud offers heightened flexibility for businesses over traditional hosting
over local servers. Enhanced bandwidth also becomes an immediate possibility that
doesn’t need costly or complicated IT upgrades.
Data backup and restoration: Once the data is in the Cloud, it is much easier to back it up and
restore it using the Cloud.
● Collaboration: Cloud applications improve collaboration by enabling groups of people
to easily and quickly share information in the Cloud via shared storage.
● Cost: Cloud computing saves businesses money on both hardware and software
maintenance.
● Storage space: The cloud provides an enormous amount of storage capacity for storing
our important data, such as documents, images, audio, video, and so on, in one location.
● The vast number of jobs: There are a lot of jobs available related to cloud computing in
India. On Naukri, as of date 17/06/2022, there are 112300+ jobs available.
● Sustainability– Cloud infrastructures enable companies to cut down on carbon footprint,
paper waste, and commuter-related emissions and enhance energy efficiency
simultaneously.
● Competitive Edge– Implementing cloud-based solutions in businesses helps users stay
one step ahead of their competitors in this highly competitive market. According to a
study conducted by Verizon, 77% of the users of this technology have claimed that it has
given them a competitive advantage over their competitors.
1. What are the different types of Clouds in Cloud Computing?
Public clouds use Internet-based servers and storage to deliver their services. Third-party firms
manage and oversee all of the machinery, programming, and supporting facilities. Clients gain
access to services using accounts that are open to anybody. An example of the most common
public cloud is Google Clouds. Private clouds are only available to specific clients, generally a
single company or organisation. The Cloud Computing service might be hosted at the company's
data centre. A private network is used to deliver several private Cloud Computing services.
Public and private services are combined in hybrid clouds. This paradigm gives the user greater
freedom while also assisting in the optimisation of the user's infrastructure and security.
2. What are the different job profiles in Cloud Computing?
Cloud Computing is the administration of computer services such as memory, servers,
databases, network, and so on through the Internet rather than using physical storage for better
and more efficient performance. As more and more businesses turn to Cloud Computing, it is a
rising technology with a lot of potential. Cloud Developer, Cloud Security Engineer,
Development Operations Engineer, Front-End & Back-End Developer, SysOps Administrator,
Solutions Architect, and more job categories fall within the Cloud Computing umbrella. Google
Cloud Platform, Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, and a number of other platforms
provide cloud services and recruit Cloud Computing professionals.
3. What is the average salary of Cloud Developers?
Cloud developers are primarily responsible for developing and managing their business' cloud
infrastructure. Their primary responsibility is to plan, implement, evaluate, and maintain the
company's cloud systems. Their yearly pay in India ranges from ₹2.9 lakhs to ₹29.7 lakhs, with
an average of ₹9.3 lakhs per year. The average annual salary of a Cloud Computing developer
with 2 to 5 years of expertise is between ₹4.5 and ₹13 lakhs. The average annual compensation
for professionals with 5 to 8 years of experience is from ₹13.1 lakhs to ₹15 lakhs. Furthermore,
cloud developers with more than 8 years of expertise earn more than ₹17.3 lakhs a year on
average.
Basic Cloud Computing interview questions
1. What is Cloud Technology?
A Cloud is a virtual space on the internet where users can store digital resources like software,
applications, and files. Cloud technology allows computing services including servers, networks,
storage, databases, software, analytics, and intelligence to be delivered over the internet. Users
can share digital resources across the internet without the restriction of physical location.
2. What are the main features of Cloud Computing?
The main features of cloud computing are:
● Agility – Huge amounts of computing resources can be provisioned in minutes
● Location Independence – Resources can be accessed from anywhere with an internet
connection
● Better Storage – with cloud storage, there are no limitations of capacity like in
physical devices
● Multi-Tenancy – resource sharing is possible among a large group of users
● Reliability – data backup and disaster recovery become easier and less expensive with
cloud computing
● Scalability – Cloud allows businesses to scale up and scale down as and when needed
3. What are cloud delivery models?
Cloud Delivery models are categories of cloud computing, including:
● Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) – the delivery of services like servers, storage,
networks, operating systems on request basis.
● Platform as a Service (PaaS) – it combines IaaS with an abstracted collection of
middleware services, software development, deployment tools. PaaS helps
developers to quickly create web or mobile apps on a cloud.
● Software as a Service (SaaS) – software applications are delivered on-demand, in a
multi-tenant model
● Function as a Service (FaaS) – allows end-users to build and run app functionalities on
a serverless architecture