lossodu Two Ray Model

Free sp ace path M

G hthy
P aB)=
(47J)
Combined Path loss &Shadvwiny Mo
Recied Powec
MEr
Pr= Pe K -3|.S4 B
(4nd)7
Doppler shit Outaye Pababilty
fo Ycos Panin -(Pet (0logk -10Ylog./e)
Maximum Dopler shif+ AR

Deppley speed
Coherence Band width
Coherence time
2 Be ’ H fveg. crelotiea 7 o.
B

fru
 Rayleigh toaing NO
Los path
Rician ading
there are no
Occurs whe Ty &R: Cccu when there
btwn
alret LOS puth
Is dominat Los path
N
jantet

toding
coSwt chonne SCt} tihutitn
Resent,t, h

MEM
hct)
. ht) = Cnt) c s 2n da(t) +isia2nd,t)
+ S Cuot) sin 2n mt) Rayleigh toding chun
S Cncty cos 2r1act) Can chunge cmp ef
R = ayleigh Tvonimithd çigne!
hact) + jhr(t) ocovding te
hct) 2 Raylkiyh dit
Ree telo)
Lt) changes phase ot
9 tan (Y(K)
y = Unitorm Transmittd signl
Guussien
{~N(o,c)JRundem procons
ower
distihutien Avg 2e ceivel prwer ’
P, = 2
Z = R= Eoncntial e
 ade ure ton
Level Cvossing ate (L:)
whih
vevoecletined
Cxpcte rate ct 1t is cas
14 is detined as
alls belew Lhe iuryci
enr<lepe crOSS es fevel in th which siqnol
Sia nal
(ik. si nal fades
downwvd

Fov Rayleiyh a ding For Rayeh fuoling

Lz = 2n to 8e te

he, arget level

level ti

’ luvyet Pewer 242

Avenye Rowe

Lz, t;
 Delay Sprcod (To) Avevaye dlay spred (A/ i)
Time diffevenee betwen the Ae (T) dt
ceived OR/T= 2PlTn)Tk
fint eceived copy b las t
copy of ta -trd signa
transmittrd
RMS dcay
delag spread

to
rl-()
AT)T
where
whent Meon
T= Avevge datey spedl/ Excesf
Ae(T) = Atevvelation unciun
chann | (aT) Pemer delay prefile)

I PCT )
111
o.t 1.2r2.2

2
Chonnel 2 (<«T) (ISI)

’ ’ Inta symbol Intoteene

111 t
 h(t)
)Flat tadiny channe!
Low BW
Low ddata Big Ts
vete INevvenberd
Channe!
Lntotvee

chamnel tesprnse is flat'

chotna! Flat foding for at frequeneics
chonne at tine t
CFast fatiny)
Selective Channe! 'pule
hct)
Sine Ts Swall,
Small Ts
daty
Highvate Ta Ts
ebn
(ISL)

FS Conshmehe
Qotutie Fqeng
Selecté
chonnel tesponst
is not some tor
honnel al the vaqueneies
Hanee, t is colled
(slow fodny) Fugueny Selecte
 Multicarrier Modulation Non-ovev loppin1 S«bcarievs
Subchonady
Bandwid t B N dota
- (onsi der a system with vak R
B= o MHe Sym bel dueion

Procticalhy carvier cent

Ideey te caier -
be atinite Hme
Sinc ov cosine is
Yollot
I S I will ininie duvaton we gt he
we divide bendwi+h sharp Bw Bandilth
subcerrier ..Bandwidth >
subchahnels each havi ng a
T
Let N l0oo BN
New symbol dreten Non-ovcr lappn9
Usiny ISI
Tw
BRolloff Fact(idlly?) but due to the Yo!l oFf f
No W
((o0 >7 2 MS ) the 5ub chenrc/s the over el/
ISI wenlt Bandwidth s
Tronmitd
znfit
 Multicarrier Modulation Non-ovev loppinq Subcaier

Symbe
sanft
bih
(W ’st)

Heve for Sy c anw els

We vequiYe Ndistirct tequchcig

Trarsmitter N Oscillaters
we necd
cos24,t t rec ner,
- Also
each
Nfiter, for scqureting

S;( fact) PIs ts fequenceg

This is costly . bwlky, pensive
aittteuit to im plemunt practto ly
- Also tis equives more Band wilty

..We have to campress it by

Reeivw
Ovevlapping thu Sut chennels
Multicarrier Modulation Orthogonel Ovesloppi'ny Sseay
Ovelapping Subcaie,. Take intcger
multiples ota
fyg fo to
3+. Make them
-3 -2 Othoonal

Su bcerviers, Trensmite
By overleppny
have Sev cel
GondwiAh
2fe
We ME
Ke z< T
N j27 kft
e
T S(t) = Z

with his overlop, How te detoe / Receiver This is the cy of

I.e. L we weyt to leeode Lve$C liscuete
Fuv'er Trensor m
PSbing .. Insteed ot usg
Analog comoonens,
Mahe
We cn use
diy tbof
LFFT FFT Llockey
Ovthogona)
 Ovthogonl Focuemey Division Mti ploing (OF DM)
Samp(es t s(+)
Jatr IOFT CP P/S DACse) j nni/N

1
N*samply channe|
Selective chennel
Transmitte Consieler a
with heeny
fHnibe impulseespongc hon) M

data hcn) = h(o),h),.... hCu-)

Pl ho
Diseovd s/P FFT:
Preie Y

'N+a' senpky
Setp

Recelver
 Ovthogonal Freuene Division Matti pleing (OFDM)
Take lest Samply
Cyelie petix -.yclic prefix symbol k put it
conseeutive oFDM Symbof at stort of ta symbo)
Consider 2 Symbo becemey > Dvisinal Sg

o,X-- X Xo, X, nCN-), neN--).... (N-) wo),ne),...M(r-)

IEFT ..MCNu), M(N-u)
Cyelic pve fix
M),-- ...M(N-) Last ' Sump ks
MO), MC),(N-1), Mc),
ME
Now, outp ut wll he
Trens mit Samples
oFOM $y mbol 2 +.... t hCA-) xN-M+)

Output tor o) Intetevcnce Aom Sa me

eoy+ hei M(N-I) +h ca) MCN) vemoved

h(o Iuter block iatt. s
Disord
|ctennet ADC ),y-a),yc ),)x
Selct
Inteverence feom previous (yco), yc),.-..
Sy n bel’Inter blocle Tat.
How to xemovc this2:Use Cyclk Cive,lav
Pre fix Convel tion