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Unit 2 - Introduction To Map

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14 views17 pages

Unit 2 - Introduction To Map

Uploaded by

topendra5123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Good morning Everyone!

1
Sub: Cartography

Today‟s Topic

Unit 2. Map

Prepared By:
Kiran Sharma
2
What is Cartography?

Definition by International Association of


Cartography (ICA):

“The art, science and technology of making


maps, together with their study as scientific
document and works of art”
What is map?
• Map is the representation of the earth‟s surface
pattern as a whole or part of it on the surface with
the conventional signs drawn to a scale and
projection so that each and every point on it
corresponds to the actual position of the earth.
• It is abstract representation of the physical features
of a portion of the earth‟s surface, graphically
displays on a plane surface.

• For cartographer Mapping means the translation of


geographical (spatial) data into graphic symbols.
Key Words:
How do I say what to whom, and
is it effective?
• „HOW‟ refers to the cartographic
methods that are used for making the
graphics or map.
• „I‟ refers to the cartographer or GIS
user who is preparing the map.
Key Words:
(contd..)
• „Say‟ refers to the semantics/meaning
that represent the spatial data.
•„What‟ refers to the spatial data its
characteristics, and the purpose of the
map.
•„Whom‟ refers to the map‟s audience
or map users.
What makes a map useful?
Usefulness of a map depends upon
the following factors:
1. Who is going to use it?
The purpose of the map must be
directly related to the user, for
instance school atlas clearly shows the
relationship with students‟
requirements. A road map is meant for
a wide variety of users of different
ages, different profession.
What makes a map useful?
(Contd..)
2. What is its purpose?
What features are included and how they
are represented.
Different purpose of a map such as
physical planning, management and
education lead to different categories of
map.
What makes a map useful?
(Contd..)
3. What is its content?
Contents can be seen as
primary content(main theme)
Secondary content (base-map
information)
Supporting content (legends, scale, etc)
What makes a map useful?
(Contd..)
What is the scale of the map?
•The map scale is the ratio between a distance
on a map and the corresponding in the terrain.
 What is the projection of the map?

Every flat map of a curved surface is


distorted.
The choice of map projection determines
how, where and how much the map is
distorted.
What makes a map useful?
(Contd..)
Accuracy
The user should be aware of aspects of data
quality or accuracy
A map, to function effectively, must be able
to convey spatial information clearly
accurately and efficiently
What should a cartographer be
aware of?
„what is the source of data?’
•‘Are the places at correct locations and
local names’
•Qualities are partly influenced by an
adequacy between map content and map
purpose, as well as by map aesthetics
Cartographic communication:
Science +Art
Art plays an important role in the subject of
map design.
Generalization, symbolization, color
Choices, layout and typography
Visualization of spatial data by the
application of the visual variables
These visual variables can be seen in the
map as a point, line and area symbol, for
instance:
Cartographic communication:
Science +Art (Contd..)
Point symbols are individual signs such as
dots, triangles and so on
line symbols are individual signs used to
represent a variety of geographical data,
such as road, streams and so on.
But Line symbol is used does not mean that
the class of data being represented is linear;
for example Contours are lines used to
represent elevations.
Cartographic communication:
Science +Art (Contd..)

Area symbols are used to water bodies,


administrative area and so on.
Graphic variables:
Differences in the graphic character
These graphic characteristics are termed
graphic variables such as size, value,
color, orientation, shape or form and
texture.
Cartographic communication:
Science +Art (Contd..)
Methods of mapping:
Mapping methods are standardized
ways of applying graphic variables
based on nature of the data and
measurement of scale
Thanks!

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