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Irfan alim

Dresses of Tamil Nadu


 Sari found a special place among their costumes,
saree, blouse and half saree is the traditional
dress for women in Tamil Nadu.Sari found a
special place among their costumes, saree,
blouse and half saree is the traditional dress for
women in Tamil Nadu
The weddings of Tamil Nadu are nothing if not an
extravagant affair. The women look gorgeous
wearing silk sarees. Generally, they dress in
Kanchipuram
Dresses in Jammu and Kashmir

 Mar 12, 2019 - Jammu and Kashmir has an extravagant rich culture.
Here's everything you need to know about the traditional dress of
Jammu and Kashmi.04-Jul-2019 — Kashmiri Muslims used to wear the
pheran, a long loose gown hanging down below the knees, a white
turban tied on a skull capr. 15-Mar-2014 — The Pheran is the prominent
attire for Kashmiri women. The Pheran worn by women usually has Zari,
embroidery on the hem line
 There is a dupatta, tunic, and even churidar
and salwar along with a cap which the
people in Jammu wear. This tunic is then tied
around the waist. Men also wear the same
but for better fitting, they have kurtas and
pajamas. It is said that turbans and
kamarbands are amongst the elders who
wear it.
Tourist places in Tamil Nadu

Ooty
 Often referred to as Queen of hill station. Ooty is situated
at a distance of 265 km from Bangalore.At an altitude of
7,440 feet, Ooty was a popular summer retreat for the
British during colonial days. The rolling hills, lush green
vegetation, and misty landscapes attract a large number of
tourists to this hill station
 Situated on the banks of the River Vaigai, Madurai is the
Madurai third-largest city in Tamilnadu and one of the most famous
places of pilgrimage . The city is situated about 209 km
from Coimbatore and 464 km from Chennai.Also referred
to as Athens of the East, Madhurai is the oldest continually
inhabited city in the Indian peninsula, with a history dating
back to the Sangam period of the pre-Christian era.
Madurai was the seat of power of the Pandyan Empire.
Often considered the cultural capital of Tamilnadu, Madurai
is one of the top places to visit in Tamil Nadu. The city is
very well known for Madurai Meenakshi Temple, among the
most visited temple in South India tour packages.
 Often referred to as the Princess of Hill stations, Kodaikanal or Kodai
is one of the top tourist destinations in Tamil Nadu tour packages and

Kodaikanal among the best hill sations in South India. It is located at a distance of
about 469 km from Bangalore & 528 km from Chennai.

At an altitude of about 7000 feet (2133 m) amidst the rolling slopes of


the Palani Hills, Kodai has several scenic places that are enjoyed by its
visitors as part of Kodaikanal tour packages. Kodaikanal is not
extensively commercialized like Ooty and it offers a pleasant
experience to tourists with relatively less crowd. Kodai Lake, Bryant
Park, Coaker’s Walk, Bear Shola Falls, Silver Cascade, and Pillar Rocks
are the top tourist places in Kodaikanal.
Tourist places in Jammu and Kashmir

Srinagar  Famously known as ‘Heaven on Earth’, Srinagar is located in the union


territory of Jammu & Kashmir, on the banks of river Jhelum.
As picturesque as the most stunning painting to ever be painted,
Srinagar is known for the stationary houseboats and colourful
Shikararas on Dal Lake.
Vaishno devi
 Vaishno Devi is a temple town that's home to the famous Vaishno Devi
Mandir. Popularly known as Mata Rani, Vaishnavi and Trikuta, Vaishno
Devi is a manifestation of the Hindu Goddess Durga. Located in Trikuta
hills, 13 kms from Katra (in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir)
Gulmarg
Situated at an altitude of 2730 m above sea level, Gulmarg is
a popular skiing destination located in Pir Panjal Range of
Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Surrounded by snow-
covered lofty Himalayas, meadows of flowers, deep ravines,
evergreen forested valleys
Extinct endangered animals and Nehan
birds in Tamil Nadu

Nilgiri tahr
 The Nilgiri tahr is an ungulate that is endemic to the
Nilgiri Hills and the southern portion of the Western
and Eastern Ghats in the states of Tamil Nadu and
Kerala in southern India. It is the state animal of Tamil
Nadu.
Rhinoceros  The Indian rhinoceros, also called the Indian rhino, greater one-horned
rhinoceros or great Indian rhinoceros, is a rhinoceros species native to the
Indian subcontinent. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, as
populations are fragmented and restricted to less than 20,000 km².
Lesser florican
Great Indian
bustard
Extinct endangered animals and birds
in Jammu and Kashmir

Kashmir stag  The Kashmir stag, also called hangul, is a subspecies of Central
Asian red deer endemic to Kashmir, India. It is found in dense
riverine forests in the high valleys and mountains of the Kashmir
Valley and northern Chamba district in Himachal Pradesh.
Snow leopard
 The snow leopard, also known as the ounce, is a felid in the genus
Panthera native to the mountain ranges of Central and South Asia. It
is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List because the global
population is estimated to number fewer than 10,000 mature
individuals and is expected to decline about 10% by 2040.
Western tragopan
 The rare Western tragopan, a medium sized and brightly colored
pheasant, has been sighted at two sites in the Pir Panjal range. The birds
were sighted by a team from the species division of the Wildlife Trust of
India (WTI). Its status is a Schedule I species on the Wildlife Protection
Act and ‘Vulnerable’ on the IUCN Red List. The Tragopan is a victim of
rampant poaching for its meat and plumage. The team also sighted
another rare species, the Cheer Pheasant.
 Their appealing physical features and large size made the black-
Black necked necked crane and the Hangul perfect representations of the
region’s rich wildlife. Black-necked cranes are giant birds with
crane whitish bodies, long slender black legs and long black necks with
a red crown adorning their heads. They live on high altitudes in
the Tibetan plateau, Ladakh and Bhutan, and are the only species
of the crane family in such habitats. It is the undisputed king of
birds in the Ladakh and Kashmir Himalayas and was, therefore, a
natural choice for the state bird.
Affan
Animals in Tamil Nadu

Macaques
 The macaques constitute a genus of gregarious Old World
monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae. The 23 species of
macaques inhabit ranges throughout Asia, North Africa, and
Gibraltar. Macaques are principally frugivorous, although their
diet also includes seeds, leaves, flowers, and tree bark.
Ox
 An ox, also known as a bullock, is a male bovine trained and used as a
draft animal. Oxen are commonly castrated adult male cattle;
castration inhibits testosterone and aggression, which makes the
males docile and safer to work with. Cows or bulls may also be used in
some areas.
Asian elephant  The Asian elephant, also known as the Asiatic elephant, is
the only living species of the genus Elephas and is
distributed throughout the Indian subcontinent and
Southeast Asia, from India in the west, Nepal in the north,
Sumatra in the south, and to Borneo in the east.
Animals in Jammu and Kashmir

Muntjac  The Indian muntjac, also called the southern red


muntjac and barking deer, is a deer species native to
South and Southeast Asia. It is listed as Least Concern
on the IUCN Red List. This muntjac has soft, short,
brownish or greyish hair, sometimes with creamy
markings. It is among the smallest deer species
Brown bear
Jsidb
 The brown bear is a large bear species found across Eurasia
and North America. In North America, the populations of
brown bears are called grizzly bears, while the subspecies that
inhabits the Kodiak Islands of Alaska is known as the Kodiak
bear.
Flying squirrel  Flying squirrels are a tribe of 50 species of squirrels in the
family Sciuridae. They are not capable of flight in the same
way as birds or bats, but they are able to glide from one tree
to another with the aid of a patagium, a furry, parachute-like
membrane that stretches from wrist to ankle.
Ameen
Birds of Tamil Nadu

Emerald dove
Asian koel
Birds in Jammu and Kashmir

Kashmir flycatcher
Koklaas pheasant
 The koklass pheasant is a species of gamebird, being closely
related to progenitive grouse that lived during the Miocene. They
are distantly related to pheasants and are most closely related to
grouse and turkeys. Koklass are the only species in the monotypic
genus Pucrasia and the tribe Pucrasiini.
Abdur Rahman
National parks in Tamil Nadu

 Guindy National Park is a 2.70 km2 (1.04 sq mI) protected area of


Tamil Nadu, located in Chennai, India, is the 8th-smallest national
park of India and one of the very few national parks situated inside a
city. The park is an extension of the grounds ssurroundig Raj bhavan,
formerly known as the ‘Guindy Lodge’, the official residence of the
governor of Tamil Nadu, Indai. It extends deep inside the governor’s
estate, enclosing beautiful forests, scrub lands, lakes and streams.
 The Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary in 1987 to
commemorate the visit of the then Prime Minister
Indira Gandhi’s visit in 1987. It was upgraded and
given better protection status two years later as a
National Park which included an area of 108 square
kilometers. Tte wildlife san is a total of more than 950
square kilometers and is flanked by the Anaimalai
Hills of the Western Ghats.
Bandipur national park
 At a distance of 12 km from Bandipur National Park,
37 km from Ooty, and 92 km from Mysore,
Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary or Mudumalai
National Park is located at the foothills of the
Nilgiris in Tamil Nadu. It is one of the famos wildlife
sanctuaries and among the must include places in
ooty tour.
National parks in Jammu and Kashmir

 Located in the eastern part of Ladakh district in Jammu and Kashmir in


north India, Hemis National Park has the distinction of being the largest
national park in South Asia.Hemis National Park also has the distinction
of being among the largest contiguous protected region, second only to
Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve. Spread over 4400 sq km, the park is
home to 16 species of mammals and 73 of birds. The park is protected
home for endangered mammals like leopards, Asiatic ibex, Tibetan wolf,
the Eurasian brown bear and the red fox.
Dachigam national park  Dachigam national park is situated about 22
km from the city of Srinagar. It means ‘ten
villages’ named after the ten villages that had
to be relocated to construct this park. Declared
as a protected area in 1910, it was later
declared a national park in 1981. Situated in the
Himalayas, the park has rocks as well as steep
mountains. Various animals can be found here
like the leopard, the musk deer, the Himalayan
Black Bear, the jackal and many other unique
animals like the hill fox.
Kazinag national park  Also known as ‘Qazinad’, this national park was built
out of a proposal for a trans-Karakoram peace park
with Pakistan following the ceasefire post the Kargil
War. It was established with a primary motive to
preserve the Markhor wild goat which happens to be
the national animal of Pakistan. Apart from these, the
park is also home to various other species of animals
and birds including the musk deer, brown bear,
Himalayan marmot, snow leopard, and even the
Kashmir flying squirrel.
Thaha
Trees and plants in Tamil Nadu

Banyan tree  Ficus benghalensis, commonly known as the banyan,


banyan fig and Indian banyan, is a tree native to the
Indian Subcontinent. Specimens in India are among the
largest trees in the world by canopy coverage.
Neem tree  Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem,
nimtree or Indian lilac, and in Nigeria called
dogoyaro or dogonyaro, is a tree in the mahogany
family Meliaceae. It is one of two species in the
genus Azadirachta, and is native to the Indian
subcontinent and most of the countries in Africa.
Hibiscus
 Hibiscus is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow
family, Malvaceae. The genus is quite large, comprising
several hundred species that are native to warm
temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout
the world.
Trees and plants in Jammu and
kashmir

Chinar tree CHINAR:Called Booune in the Kashmiri language, the Chinar tree is an integral part of
Kashmiri culture. Almost every village in the valley has a Chinar tree. You can
experience a cool breeze under the shadow of this majestic tree which is very
conducive to health.It is unfortunate that in recent years the number of Chinar trees is
decreasing. It is no wonder that if the present trend continues, the day is not far-off
when the tree will see its extinction from the land of Kashmir. However, it is heartening to
note the government is making its honest best to stop the illegal felling of this great tree
of Kashmir.Chinar is a gigantic sized tree, found growing throughout valley. Its scientific
name is platanus orientalis. Its family is plataneae. A deciduous tree, Chinar traces its
origin to Greece. Its incredible beauty has to be seen to be believed. The tree is at its
most elegance and exuberance during autumn. Though its majesty can be seen all
through the year. Iqbal, the poet of the East, traces the warmth of the Kashmir soil to
the “blaze of Chinars it nurses in its bosom”.Chinar grows up to a height of 25 meters and
a girth exceeding 50 feet in certain cases. This tree with the largest circumference of 60
feet is located at a village named Chattergam in central Kashmir.These days conscious
efforts are being made to undertake plantation of this tree to other states. The tree has
been successfully planted in New Delhi, Chandigarh, Dehradun and Meerut. But the size
and girth attained in these places are no parallel to those of the tree in Kashmir valley.
Walnut:The walnut belongs to the small order of trees and shrubs known as
Juglandeae. Walnut trees are very large, ranging from 50 to 75 feet in

Walnut tree height and width. Kashmir revels in reputation in that it is the only region in
India where the walnut tree grows. The natural sheen, color and grains are
indeed exceptional and unique. The carving and fret- work done on this
wood is of a delight.Generally two types of walnut trees are found in
Jammu and Kashmir- one that bears fruit and is noted for its wood, and
another which is not fruit-bearing. The latter is known as ‘zangul’ in local
parlance and is less strong and possesses no grains.The walnut wood is
almost black, and the grain here is much more pronounced than the
wood of the trunk which is lighter in color.Black in color, the walnut wood
is used for making furniture and carvings. The branches have the lightest
color, being almost blonde, and have no noticeable grain. The inherent
worth of the wood from each part of the tree differs. The root part is the
most expensive and the branches having the lowest price.[divider
height=”20″][titleborder title=”Plants of Kashmir” color=”red”][grid grid=”4″]
Saffron plant  Jammu and kashmir plant 1:Saffron:There are only two or three places in the
whole world where saffron grows. Kashmir has the proud priv ilege of being
one of these places. There are two locations in Kashmir where saffron grows.
One of these two places is Pampur. Pampur is a small town, which is 13 km
from Srinagar. The saffron plant is v ery small and its flower is the only part
which is seen abov e the ground. The blooming time of this flower is autumn.
Saffron has a unique sweet smell and is used in dyeing and cooking.The
botanical name of Saffron is Crocus sativ us. The purple colored flowers
appear just abov e the ground and are a beautiful sight. The orange stigmas
of the saffron plant are harvested as saffron and used as a flav oring and
coloring agent in v arious recipes. Saffron is added to Kahwa – the traditional
Saffron Tea drunk by people in Kashmir.The orange-red stigmas of the saffron
plant produce a pleasant aroma and a warm golden orange color. The
yellow stamens are also harvested, however they do not have the same
aromatic and color properties of the stigmas. Pure saffron consists of only the
orange-red stigmas of the saffron plant. Saffron is also believ ed to have many
medicinal properties. Called Kesar in the rest of India, saffron is used as a
flav oring agent in many food preparations, from rice dishes, such as biryani,
to v arious sweets.
Suhail
Reptiles in Tamil Nadu.

Crocodile.
Python
Turtle
Reptiles in Jammu and Kashmir

Asymblepharus
ladacensis
Agama
Levatine viper
Salman sathick
Crops in Tamil Nadu

Agriculture  Agriculture continues to be the most predominant sector of


the State economy, as 70% of the population is engaged in
Agriculture and allied activities for their livelihood. The State
has as an area of 1.3 Lakh sq.km with a gross cropped area
of around 63 L.Ha.. The Government's policy and objectives
have been to ensure stability in agricultural production and to
increase the agricultural production in a sustainable manner
to meet the food requirement of growing population and also
to meet the raw material needs of agro based industries,
thereby providing employment opportunities to the rural
population. Tamil Nadu has all along been one of the states
with a creditable performance in agricultural production with
the farmers relatively more responsive and receptive to
changing technologies and market forces.
The principal food crops are rice, maize, jowar (cholam), bajra
Important crops

(cumbu), ragi, and pulses (Bengalgram, Redgram, Greengram
Blackgram and Horsegram). The cash crops include cotton,
sugarcane, oilseeds, coffee, tea, rubber, coconut, gingelly and
chillies. The important horticultural products are bananas and
mangoes.The state is the largest producer of bananas, flowers,
tapioca, the second largest producer of mangoes,natural rubber,
coconut, groundnut and the third largest producer of coffee,
sapota ,tea and sugarcane .Tamil Nadu's sugarcane yield per
hectare is the highest in India. The state has 17,000 hectares of
land under oil palm cultivation, the second highest in India. Paddy
is grown in large excess because rice is the main staple food of the
state. There are three crops based on duration. The first one is
the ‘Kuruvai’ (the short term crop) with duration of three and a
half to four months from June to July to Oct - Nov. The second
crop is called the ‘Thaladi’ that grown in 5 to 6 months Oct - Nov
to Feb - March. Third is 'Samba' and has a duration of almost 6
months from Aug to January.
 Tamil Nadu with Seven agro-climatic conditions and varied
soil types is better placed for production of Fruits,
Horticulture Vegetables, Spices, Plantation crops, Flowers, Medicinal and
Aromatic plants. Horticulture is the fastest growing sector
within agriculture in Tamil Nadu. About 10.96 lakh ha. is
covered under various horticultural crops. The total
production of horticultural crops is 192.28 lakh MT. In terms
of production, Tamil Nadu accounts for 10% in fruits and
6% in vegetables, in India . Horticulture is an important
segment of Agriculture sector which contributes about one -
fifth share in the economy of Agriculture and allied sectors.
Mango and Banana are the leading fruit crops in Tamil Nadu
accounting for over 87% of the total fruit production. The
main vegetables grown are Tapioca, Tomato, Onion, Brinjal
and Drumstick. Tamil Nadu is also a leading state in the
production of flowers with the total production of
horticultural crops standing at Indian Rupee symbol.svg
99.47 Lakhs during 2003-04. The main flowers grown in
Tamil Nadu are Jasmine, Mullai, Chrysanthemum,
Marigold and Rose.
Crops in Jammu and Kashmir

Rice crop  Cultivation of rice requires hot and moist climate.It is a Kharief
crop and is sown in March-April and harvested in
Autumn.Sufficient water must cover the fields.It is grown
mostly in the valley of Kashmir at 2100 metres above sea
level.Total area under rice cultivation in the valley of Kashmir
is 374000 acres having a yield of 25.5 quintals per acre.
Wheat crop  It is a rabi crop and its plant requires a cool and
somewhat moist climate in the beginning and
warm and dry weather at the harvest time.The
average rainfall should be between 50 to 70 cms.
and that too at intervals.It is sown in August and
harvested in March, April.It is cultivated in the
entire Outer Plain and the Outer Hills.Important
wheat producing areas are Kathua,
Ranbirsingpora, Samba and Reasi.In Kashmir,
wheat is grown like grass.Total area under wheat
cultivation in Jammu region is 3 l000 acres, in
Kashmir 78000 acres and in Ladakh 7000 acres.
Oil seeds  Rape Seed, Mustard, linseed, sesamum, toria,
cottonseed are the chief varieties of oil-
seeds.They require hot and moist climate.They are
grown all over Kshmir province but the chief oil
seed producing areas are Anantnag &
Srinagar.6700 acres in Kashmir region produce oil
seeds.
Salman farish
Sanctuaries in Tamil Nadu

Mudumalai
 At a distance of 12 km from Bandipur National Park, 37 km from Ooty, and
92 km from Mysore, Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary or Mudumalai National
Park is located at the foothills of the Nilgiris in Tamil Nadu. It is one of the
famous wildlife sanctuaries in Tamilnadu, and among the must include
places in Ooty tour.Established in 1940, Mudumalai is the first sanctuary in
South India and was declared as a National Park in 1990. In April 2007, the
Tamil Nadu state government declared Mudumalai to be a tiger reserve.
The sanctuary is situated on Karnataka-Kerala border adjacent
to Bandipur National Park of Karnataka and Muthanga Wildlife Sanctuary
of Kerala. At an altitude of 1140 m, the sanctuary is spread over 103.24 sq.
km on Ooty - Mysore road and is one of the best Ooty tourist
places.Mudumalai is a part of Niligiri Biosphere Reserve which includes the
Bandipur National Park, Rajiv Gandhi National Park (Nagarhole) in
Karnataka, and Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary in Kerala. The sanctuary is
divided into 5 ranges - Masinagudi, Theppakadu, Mudumalai, Kargudi,
and Nellakota. There is a high diversity of animal life in the park with about
50 species of fishes, 21 species of amphibians, 34 species of reptiles, 200
species of birds, and 50 species of mammals. The park is an ideal home to
several endangered and vulnerable species including elephants, Tiger,
Gaur, Leopard, Deer, Wild dog, etc. There are about 200 species of birds in
the park, including White-rumped vulture, long-billed vulture, Red crest,
Mynas, Parakeets, and Owls, etc.
Annamalai tiger
 At a distance of 38 km from Pollachi and 76 km from Coimbatore, Annamalai
Tiger Reserve is a protected area located in the Annamalai mountain range of
the Western Ghats in Tamilnadu. It is one of the popular tiger reserves in India
and among the must include places in Pollachi Tour Packages.Annamalai Tiger

reserve Reserve was originally called Anamalai Wild Life Sanctuary notified in the year
1974 and established in the year 1976. Later, it was renamed as Indira Gandhi
Wildlife Sanctuary & National Park in honor of former Prime Minister Indira
Gandhi's visit in 1961. Located at an altitude of 1400 m, the sanctuary has
declared as Annamalai Tiger Reserve in 2007 with an extent of 958.59 sq. km
that encompassed the erstwhile IGWLS&NP or Aanaimalai Wildlife
Sanctuary.According to the National Tiger Conservation Authority, the Reserve
presently includes a core area of 958.59 sq. km and a buffer area of 521.28
sq.km forming a total area of 1479.87 sq. km. The reserve is bordered with
Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary, Eravikulam National Park, and Chinnar
Wildlife Sanctuary. The reserve covers a total of four revenue taluks include the
headquarters in Pollachi, the Valparai, Udumalpet, and Kodaikanal.The
Anamalai wildlife sanctuary has various kinds of wild animals like panthers,
elephants, deer, gaur, civets, tigers, sloth bears, wild bears, wild dogs,
porcupines, flying squirrels, jackals, and pangolins. The park is home to birds like
the red treepie, whiskered bulbul, spotted dove, rocket -tailed drongo, black-
headed oriole, and pigeon. This wildlife park also has a natural reservoir, called
the Amaravati Reservoir, which is inhabited by crocodiles. Besides, this serene
getaway has other elements such as Karianshola Trek, Anaikunthi Shola, Grass
hills, Manjampatti Valley, groves, waterfalls, teak forests, reservoirs, and dams.
However, some of these attractions would require prior permission from the
respective authorities.
Vedanthangal bird  At a distance of 53 km from Mahabalipuram, and 89 km from
Chennai, Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary is a protected
sanctuary situated at Vedanthangal near Mahabalipuram. It
sanctuary is one of the oldest water bird sanctuaries in India, and
among the popular weekend getaways from Chennai. The
sanctuary is a haven for bird watchers and wildlife
photographers. The Barringtonia mangroves, the rich floating
habitat, extensive paddy field, and those mighty flying
creatures make the Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary a beautiful
setting to escape to the crowd and noise of busy city life as
part of Mahabalipuram tour packages. Two watchtowers are
available here that provide a clear view of the birds from the
binoculars stationed there. There is also a viewing platform
that provides a vantage point.
Sanctuaries in Jammu and Kashmir

Baltal wildlife
sanctuary
Hirpora wildlife
sanctuary
Lachipora wildlife
sanctuary

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