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Important Questions Applied Physics

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150 views6 pages

Important Questions Applied Physics

Uploaded by

soniakanksha2006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Important Questions

SECTION-A
• What are coherent sources?
• Write two differences between interference and diffraction.
• Define pointing vector and what is its physical significance?
• State Gauss divergence and Stokes theorems with their
mathematical forms.
• Find how many days on earth is equivalent to everyday spent on a
spaceship moving with a velocity of 0.8c?
• What do we conclude from the null results of Michelson-Morley
experiment?
• Find the relativistic momentum of a photon of wavelength 100 nm.
• What are two methods to obtain the interference pattern?
• Find Poynting vector for 100W bulb at 1m from it.
• What will happen to Newton rings pattern if monochromatic light is
replaced by white light?
• Explain curl and divergence. What is the physical meaning of each?
• Define displacement current.
• What do you mean by length contraction?
• With what velocity should a particle move so that its K.E is four
times the rest mass energy?
• Discuss the theory of Newton rings and obtain the expressions for
wavelength of light used in terms of diameters of dark rings?
• What is grating and explain the diffraction through grating?
• Starting from the differential forms of Maxwell’s equations in free
space, obtain the differential equation for electromagnetic waves.
• Derive integral and differential forms of Maxwell’s equations and
what is the importance of these equations in electromagnetism?
• Write the properties of electromagnetic waves.
• Obtain the expression for Lorentz transformations.
• If a photon and an electron have same relativistic momentum then
which one will be having more total energy and why?
• Write the postulates of special theory of relativity.
• Derive the relation E=mc2.
• Mass of unstable pion is four times its rest mass. After what time
will it decay, if its life time at rest is 1.210-5s?

• Write the conditions for the constructive and destructive


interference due to thin films, in reflected and transmitted system.

• In Young’s double slit experiment the ratio of the intensities of two


sources is 4:3. Find Imax / Imin in their interference pattern.

• Two electrons are approaching each other with velocities 0.8c &
0.6c. Find their relative velocity and what are their masses if rest
mass of electron is 9.110 –31 kg?
• Using Lorentz transformations, explain Length Contraction & Time
Dilation.

SECTION-B

• Explain the concept of matter waves and describe Davisson Germer


experiment. What is its significance?

• What are limitations of Classical Mechanics? Write postulates of


Quantum Mechanics.

• Derive time independent Schrödinger wave equation.

• Explain completely the properties of particle in box using


Schrödinger wave theory.

• What is the physical interpretation of ψ & what are its properties?

• Explain Tunneling.

• Explain (i) wave packet (ii) phase velocity


(iii) group velocity (iv) expectation value

• Particle of mass is trapped in a region define by potential function-


= ∞, for x < 0
V = 0, for 0 < x < L
= ∞, for x > L
Obtain eigen values & eigen functions of the system.

• Explain group velocity and phase velocity. Obtain expression for


both in terms of velocity of the particle.
• Find the uncertainty in the momentum of a particle whose
uncertainty in the position is equal to the de-Broglie wavelength.

SECTION-C

• What is Fermi distribution function? State its significance and


explain its variation with temperature.

• What are the limitations of Classical theory of free electrons?


Explain Sommerfeld’s quantum theory of free electron gas and
obtain Ohms law from it.

• What do you mean by periodic potential and explain Bloch


theorem?

• Show that the effective mass of a free electron is equal to its actual
mass.

• Draw the energy band diagram for intrinsic and extrinsic


semiconductors, showing positions of Ef.

• Draw the shapes of E-k diagrams in different schemes for the


electron in periodic lattice.

• What are Brillouin Zones? Draw their structures in one, two and
three dimensions.

• Describe Kronig-Penney model. How does this model explain


formation of energy bands in solids?

• Explain the concept of Effective Mass (m*) and hence show the
variation of velocity and effective mass with k. What is the
significance of negative m*?
• Describe the formation of energy bands in solids and make the
distinction among metals, semiconductors and insulators on the
basis of energy band theory.

• Explain superconductivity, Meissner effect and distinguish between


Type-I & TYPE-II superconductors.

• Explain Cooper pair and the effect of magnetic field on super


conductivity.

• What is Meissner effect?

SECTION-D

• Write short notes on the following:


(a). Population inversion (b). Numerical aperture of fiber
(c). Principle of optical fiber (d). Coupling efficiency
(e). Temporal and spatial coherence

• Why is it not possible to realise Laser action with two level


scheme? Hence explain three and four level scheme of laser action
with suitable example and characteristics of each.

• What do you mean by spontaneous and stimulated emission?

• Explain various pumping mechanisms to attain population


inversion.

• Explain the working of He-Ne and Semiconductor laser. What are


advantages of semiconductor lasers?
• Describe the essential characteristics and the novel applications of
lasers.

• What are optical fibers? Differentiate step and graded index fibers
and explain mono-mode and multi-mode fibers.

• Explain the fibers optics communication and what are its


advantages?

• Explain the spontaneous and stimulated emission. Discuss working


of He-Ne laser.

• Explain the working of semiconductor lasers and write their


advantage.

• What is the principle of optical fibers? Explain acceptance angle


and numerical aperture with relevant relations.

• What do you mean by coherence? Explain temporal and spatial


coherence.

• Differentiate between step index and graded index fibers.

• Show the movement of light ray through a step index and a graded
index fiber. What is intermodal dispersion?

• Discuss various losses in optical fibers and explain attenuation of


optical fibers with units.

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