Fibonacci Sequence

Applied Maths Project work

By Vidush Arun
Class XI Commerce
1
 Fibonacci Sequence

Index
Contents Pg. No.

1)Introduction ...............3
2)Definition .....................4
3)History ........................5-6
4)Application ............7-17
5)Math. Prop. ...............18
6)Conclusion ................19
7)Bibliography .............20

2
 Fibonacci Sequence

Introduction
What does Fibonacci mean?
Fibonacci can mean different things depending
on the context. It can be the name of an Italian
mathematician who grew up in Pisa and wrote a
book of calculation that included a series of
numbers. It can also be the short form of filius
Bonacci, which means son of Bonacci.

What does Sequence mean ?

A sequence is a list of numbers in a specified
order. The different numbers occurring in a
sequence are called the terms of the sequence.
Let the terms of a sequence be a1, a2, a3, …, an, …,
etc. The subscripts indicate the position of the
term. That means, First term = a1 Second term =
a2 Third term = a3. The nth term is the number at
the nth position of the sequence and is denoted
by an. This term is also called the general term of
the sequence.

3
 Fibonacci Sequence

Definition
What does Fibonacci Numbers mean?
The Fibonacci numbers are the numbers ordered
in a distinct Fibonacci sequence. These numbers
were introduced to represent the positive
numbers in a sequence, which follows a defined
pattern.

What does Fibonacci Sequence mean?

The Fibonacci sequence is a type series where
each number is the sum of the two that precede
it. It usually starts from 0 and 1. The Fibonacci
sequence is given by 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55,
89, 144, and so on.

4
 Fibonacci Sequence

History
The Fibonacci sequence, named after the Italian
mathematician Leonardo of Pisa, who is also
known as Fibonacci, has a rich history dating
back to the early 13th century. Fibonacci
introduced the sequence to the Western world
through his book "Liber Abaci," published in 1202.
However, the sequence had been described
earlier in Indian mathematics.

Fibonacci's motivation for introducing the

sequence was to model the growth of a population
of rabbits in idealized conditions. The sequence
begins with 0 and 1, with each subsequent number
being the sum of the two preceding ones. This
seemingly simple mathematical concept has since
found applications in various fields, including
number theory, algebra, and computer science.

5
 Fibonacci Sequence

Despite its medieval origins, the Fibonacci sequence

gained prominence in the 19th century as
mathematicians like Édouard Lucas explored its
properties. The sequence's connection to the golden
ratio, a mathematical constant with aesthetic and
architectural significance, further heightened its
intrigue. Today, the Fibonacci sequence remains a
fundamental topic in mathematics and continues to
captivate scholars and enthusiasts alike for its
elegance and widespread presence in natural
phenomena.

Fibonacci
(1170 - 1250)

6
 Fibonacci Sequence

Applications
The Fibonacci sequence and its related
mathematical concept, the golden ratio,
manifest in various patterns and structures in
nature. Some notable applications include:

Phyllotaxis in Plants: The arrangement of leaves,

seeds, and other plant parts often follows a
spiral pattern based on Fibonacci numbers. This
arrangement optimizes the exposure of each leaf
to sunlight and minimizes shading, allowing for
efficient energy capture.

Aloe polyphylla is commonly known as the spiral

aloe in English

7
 Fibonacci Sequence

Floral Arrangements: The number of petals on

flowers, such as lilies, irises, and daisies, often
corresponds to Fibonacci numbers. For instance,
lilies commonly have three petals, buttercups
often have five, and daisies can have 34, 55, or
other Fibonacci numbers.

Pinecones and Pineapples: The spiral patterns on

pinecones and pineapples frequently adhere to
the Fibonacci sequence. The arrangement of
scales on a pinecone or the eyes on a pineapple
follows a spiral pattern that reflects the
Fibonacci numbers.

Buttercups, Daisies, Lilies and Pinecone showing

Fibonacci sequence.

8
 Fibonacci Sequence

Sunflowers: The seeds in the center of a

sunflower are arranged in spirals that follow
Fibonacci numbers. The arrangement ensures
optimal packing for efficient seed distribution.

Shell Spirals: Some shells, such as snail shells and

nautilus shells, exhibit spiral patterns that
correspond to Fibonacci numbers. These
patterns contribute to the structural integrity
and growth efficiency of the shells.

9
 Fibonacci Sequence

Hurricane and Spiral Galaxies: The structure of

hurricanes and certain spiral galaxies reflects
Fibonacci patterns. This is observed in the
spiraling arms of hurricanes and the formation of
galaxies, suggesting that Fibonacci-related
ratios play a role in the dynamics of these
systems.

Galaxies and Hurricanes representing Fibonacci

Sequence

10
 Fibonacci Sequence

Fibonacci Retracements:
In the chart of the S&P 500 index (SPX) in the
figure, notice the top level is 100% and the
bottom level is 0%. The retracement levels in
between are areas you can watch for potential
technical support or resistance levels. Fibonacci
retracements can also be used in the opposite
way—from a low point to a high point (as long as
the high point is to the right of the low one). In
this scenario, retracing a move higher, the
Fibonacci series frequently acts as key points of
support in the pullback or correction. When the
SPX started to move above its March low, it met
slight resistance at the 23.6% level. Even though
it broke above it, the close was right around that
level.

11
 Fibonacci Sequence

The SPX then continued moving toward the

38.2% level, hesitated there for a few days, and
then went back toward the 23.6% level. When
reviewing the price chart, it’s possible to see
how the different retracement levels acted as
support and resistance levels.
Traders can try applying this tool to individual
stocks. It’s also possible to combine Fibonacci
levels with other indicators to get more trading
signals.

12
 Fibonacci Sequence

Fibonacci retracements are accepted and

used by many traders, including some who
trade for large institutions and hedge funds.
There’s no guarantee that using Fibonacci
retracements will work effectively as part of a
trading strategy, but they can provide some
levels to watch when engaging in technical
analysis.
After becoming familiar with the Fibonacci
sequence and understanding how to use
retracements in trading, traders can also
explore some lesser-known technical tools to
add to their trading toolbox.

13
 Fibonacci Sequence

Tree Branches:
Although we all usually see trees everywhere in
our day-to-day life, how often have you looked
for the patterns in them? In trees, the Fibonacci
begins in the growth of the trunk and then spirals
outward as the tree gets larger and taller.
We also see the golden ratio in their branches as
they start off with one trunk which splits into 2,
then one of the new branches stems into 2, and
this pattern continues.

New branches and growths of tree

14
 Fibonacci Sequence

Art:
The Fibonacci sequence has not only intrigued
mathematicians and scientists, but also inspired
artists and designers. The spiral pattern created
by the Fibonacci sequence can be seen in
various art forms, from ancient architecture to
modern paintings. One of the most famous
examples is the spiral staircase of the Vatican
Museum, which was designed by Giuseppe
Momo using the golden ratio found in the
Fibonacci sequence.

Color Gradients for artists

15
 Fibonacci Sequence

The sequence has also influenced the

design of everyday objects, such as
furniture, fabrics and even logos. By
incorporating the principles of it into their
work, artists and designers can create
aesthetically pleasing and harmonious
designs that are also mathematically
precise.

Various designs for painters

and carpenters all around the world

16
 Fibonacci Sequence

Yourself:
You are an example of the beauty of the
Fibonacci Sequence. The human body has
various representations of the Fibonacci
Sequence proportions, from your face to your
ear to your hands. You have now been proven to
be mathematically gorgeous.

Earlobe Face

Hand
17
 Fibonacci Sequence

Mathematical
Properties
The Fibonacci sequence is closely related to the
golden ratio, a mathematical constant
represented by the Greek letter ϕ (phi). The
golden ratio is an irrational number
approximately equal to 1.618033988749895.

Golden ratio Diagram and Calculation

18
 Fibonacci Sequence

Conclusion
The Fibonacci series is an infinite sequence
where each number is the sum of the two
preceding ones, typically starting with 0 and
1.
Its mathematical beauty lies in its pervasive
occurrence in nature and various fields. As
the series progresses, the ratio between
consecutive Fibonacci numbers approaches
the golden ratio, approximately 1.618. This
proportion is found in art, architecture, and
even financial markets. Despite its unending
nature, the Fibonacci series offers insights
into harmonious proportions and recursive
patterns, showcasing the elegance of
mathematics in the world around us. Its
application extends far beyond numbers,
leaving an indelible mark on diverse
disciplines.

19
 Fibonacci Sequence

Bibliography
For Information:
1. www.geeksforgeeks.org
2. www.wikipedia.org
3. www.researchgate.net
4. www.britannica.com
5. www.brilliant.org
6. www.quora.com
7. www.boringowl.io
For Images:
1. www.bing.com/images
2. www.pintrest.com
3. www.images.google.com
4. www.boringowl.io
20
 Fibonacci Sequence

Thank You

21