Lecture 1
LAB SAFETY, AND WASTE
MANAGEMENT
The students are expected to follow
proper laboratory safety protocol,
proper waste disposal procedures
and integrate current good
laboratory practices in performing
each laboratory experiment
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Laboratory Safety Rules and Guidelines
Dress appropriately in the laboratory.
Wear a laboratory gown or coat to protect your
clothing and Minimize skin exposure.
Shoes should completely cover the feet area
(sandals are not allowed and as much as
possible heeled shoes should not be used).
Long hair should be tied back.
Laboratory Safety Rules and Guidelines
Wear protective goggles or glasses at all times
in the laboratory.
Goggles are eye-protection so that when there
are liquid that splashes it will not come into the
eyes.
Contact lenses increase the risk of problems
with eye safety even when protective goggles
are worn.
Inform your instructor if you are wearing contact
lenses.
Laboratory Safety Rules and Guidelines
Keep your working areas organized and clean as you work.
Put your personal belonging like bags and books away from the work areas.
Chairs and other obstacles should be set aside.
After each laboratory experiments and activities, clean your work areas and
make sure that gas valves and water faucets are closed.
Clean and dry glassware and equipment before returning to the stock room.
Laboratory Safety Rules and Guidelines
Keep all chemical reagents (solids and liquids)
in the assigned dispensing area.
Do not bring the containers of any chemical
reagents in your work area.
Use test tubes, beakers, weigh boats and other
applicable containers to obtain chemicals from
the Dispensing areas.
Laboratory Safety Rules and Guidelines
Keep the balance and weighing area clean.
Do not place chemicals directly on the
balance pans instead use weighing
papers or boats or any applicable
containers for your samples.
Never weigh hot objects.
Laboratory Safety Rules and Guidelines
Check the name on the chemical reagent
bottles before using them.
Label every beaker, test tubes and
containers where chemicals are
transferred.
Laboratory Safety Rules and Guidelines
Avoid contaminating chemical reagents.
Never return unused chemicals to the reagent To put solids in a test tube, a folded piece of
bottles. This is a possible source of possible paper about 2 inches long and slightly wider
contamination on the entire content of the bottle. than the diameter of the test tube is used.
Do not insert medicine droppers or pipets into Hold the test tube in a horizontal position and
reagent bottles; instead pour a little into a smaller slide the folded paper with a solid at one end.
container. Incline the test tube and gently tap the paper
Use a clean, dry spatula in getting solids out of the until all the solids are at the bottom of the
reagent bottle. A dirty spatula will contaminate tube. In this way, the side of the tube is kept
both the portion taken and that which is left in the clean.
reagent bottle. The covers of the reagents bottle should not
be interchanged.
Laboratory Safety Rules and Guidelines
Dispose waste properly
Do not put anything into the trash or sink with out thinking.
Broken glasses should be pick and return to the Broken glass. Broken glass or porcelain is
stock area for proper disposal. swept up into a dust pan and disposed of
Organic solvents should not be poured into the in a special container for broken glass.
sink since they are immiscible with water. Return Please don't use your fingers.
the waste to the stock area to be put on the Broken thermometers. It create the special
“organic solvent wastes”. Solutions with heavy problem of spilled mercury (a toxic heavy
metals should be put on containers for “heavy metal). Report such accidents
metal waste”. immediately to your instructor; usually any
Solutions poured in the sink should be washed mercury which cannot be collected is
with plenty of water. reacted with sulfur or absorbed with a
Ask your instructor if you are not sure how to special kit before disposal as heavy metal
properly dispose your wastes. waste.
Laboratory Safety Rules and Guidelines
Dispose waste properly
In order to minimize damage to the environment, chemical wastes must be separated
into categories and carefully labelled as to their contents. Please read and follow the
labels on the waste bottles to ensure that your chemical wastes are treated safely and
appropriately. You will find containers for:
1. General Organic Waste(flammable)
2. Halogenated Hydrocarbons (non- flammable)
3. Chromic Acid Solutions (these have been phased out)
4. Lead
5. Silver
6. Other Heavy Metals
7. Waste from specific experiments in some cases
*In some experiments, acids and bases will be
8. Acids neutralized to a pH of 6 10(State law)as part of
9. Bases the experiment and flushed down the drain with
water
Laboratory Safety Rules and Guidelines
Avoid all direct contact with chemicals.
Wash your hands immediately anytime you get chemicals on them and after
every laboratory activities.
Clean immediately all spillage before it dries up or goes into your skin and things.
Never use your mouth when using a pipet.
Never eat or drink inside laboratory
Do not look directly into the open end of a test tube while a reaction is being
conducted.
Inhale odors and chemicals with great caution. To determine the odor of any
chemicals, do not inhale the fumes directly. Waft vapors with your hand toward
your nose.
Use the fume hood for all irritating and toxic vapors.
Laboratory Safety Rules and Guidelines
Handle glasses with precautions.
Do not heat graduated cylinders, burets, pipets or bottles with a Bunsen burner flame.
Do not hold a test tube in your hands during a chemical reaction.
In heating a small amount of solid or liquid in a test tube, hold the test tube with a test
tube holder then incline it at an angle of 45 deg while moving it back and forth over the
flame on the Bunsen burner.
Avoid looking at the test tube directly while it is being heated. Never point the mouth of
the test tube towards anyone while heating
Do not touch glass that has been near a flame. Use proper holder to handle them. Do
not put directly on the laboratory table any heated containers.
Never use a thermometer as a stirrer! Always support a thermometer in a beaker or flask
with clamp
Always fire-polish the ends of freshly cut glass tubing. NEVER attempt to force glass tubing
through the hole of a stopper.
Laboratory Safety Rules and Guidelines
Learn the location and proper use of safety equipment
(fire extinguisher, eye wash, safety shower and first aid kits).
Fire extinguisher can be used on small or minor fire or for
smothering fires.
To use the fire extinguisher:
Pull the pin.
Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire
Squeeze the handle.
Sweep the fire.
Laboratory Safety Rules and Guidelines
Learn the location and proper use of safety equipment
(fire extinguisher, eye wash, safety shower and first aid kits).
Eye Wash Fountain for rinsing chemicals from the eyes.
Safety Shower for rinsing chemicals off the body.
Laboratory Safety Rules and Guidelines
Never work alone in the laboratory area.
Report all accidents to your instructor no matter how small it may
seem.
Do not perform unauthorized experiments.
Do not enter the laboratory room with out your instructor.
Laboratory Safety Rules and Guidelines
Be aware of Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)
It is a document that provides workers with procedures for safely handling
or working with a particular substance.
It includes technical information like boiling points, toxicities, reactivities,
and various numbers.
It also includes instructions regarding necessary protective equipment,
how to handle spills, first aid suggestions, storage and disposal, and the
general health effects.
Its main purpose is to safeguard occupational health.
Parts of Safety Data Sheet
Section 1 – Identification Section 10 – Stability and reactivity
Section 2 – Hazard Identification
Section 11 – Toxicological Information
Section 3 – Composition /Information on
Ingredients
Section 12 – Ecological Information
Section 4 – First aid measures
Section 5 – Fire Fighting measures Section 13 – Disposal Consideration
Section 6 – accidental release measures
Section 14 – Transport Information
Section 7 – Handling and storage
Section 8 – Exposure controls/ personal Section 15 – Regulatory Information
protection
Section 16 – other informations
Section 9 – physical and chemical properties
Common Laboratory
Glasswares and
Materials
Lecture 1
General Chemistry
Glassware used in all chemistry courses
1. Graduated cylinder
2. Wash bottle
3. Side arm flask
4. Erlenmeyer flask
5. Beaker
6. Funnel
7. Test tube
8. Watch glass
Tools used in all chemistry courses:
1. Crucible tongs
2. Test tube holder
3. Striker
4. Forceps
5. Spatulas
6. Scoopula
7. Glass stirring rod
8. Pasteur pipette
9. Dropper bulb
Various equipment in the organic chemistry lab:
1. Evaporating dish
2. Reagent bottle
3. Buchner funnel
4. Hirsch funnel
5. Rubber sleeves (for funnel –
filter adapters
6. Weighing paper
7. Vials
8. Stirring bars and spin vane
9. Drying tube
Glassware commonly used in organic chemistry
for conducting reactions and purifications:
1. Cork ring
2. Fractionating column
3. West condenser
4. Separatory funnel
5. Stopper
6. Round bottomed flask
7. Three-way adapter (distilling
head)
8. Claisen adapter
9. Vacuum adapter
10. Thermometer adapter
11. Plastic clip (Keck clip)
12. Rubber fitting for
thermometer adapter
Glassware used in microscale work:
1. Thick-walled vacuum tubing
2. Bunsen burner
3. Wood blocks
4. Rubber tubing
Glassware used in microscale work:
1. Extension clamps (with and
without vinyl sleeves)
2. Three-fingered clamps (vinyl
and fire-resistant sleeves)
3. Ring clamp (iron rings)
4. Wire mesh
