A

Project Based

Report on

“Flow simulation through the Venturimeter”

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the

Degree of

Bachelor of Technology

Submitted by:- Submitted to:-

Vaibhav(2300430400052)
Dr.Sunil Kumar Rajput
Vansh (2300430400053) Associate Professor
Vansh Gupta (2300430400054)
Vijay Pratap Chauhan (2300430400055)
Vikas Yadav (2300430400056)

Mechanical Engineering
Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering & Technology Jhansi (U.P.) India

2024-2025

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 DECLARATION

I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in B.Tech Project Based Learning
Report entitled “Flow simulation through the Venturimeter”, as partial fulfillment
of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering,
submitted to the Mechanical engineering Department of Bundelkhand Institute of
Engineering & Technology Jhansi (UP), is an authentic record of my own work carried out
under the supervision of “Dr. Sunil Kumar Rajput” facaulty of Mechanical Department.
The matter presented in this project report in full or part, has not been submitted by us for the
learning of a new learning experience.

Submitted By :-

Vaibhav(2300430400052)
Vansh (2300430400053)
Vansh Gupta (2300430400054)
Vijay Pratap Chauhan (2300430400055)
Vikas Yadav (2300430400056)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The completion of this undertaking could not have been possible without the participation
and assistance of so many people whose names may not all be enumerated. Their
contributions are sincerely appreciated and gratefully acknowledged. We are sincerely
grateful to our head of department “Dr.Nagendra Prasad Yadav”, who provided us the
platform to work on our project. He supported us throughout our project journey and
enlightened us. We would also like to thank our mentor “Dr. Sunil Kumar Rajput”
supported us at every stage of this project. He supervised as well as provided all the
necessary information regarding the project and also supported in completing the project.
His constant guidance and willingness to share his vast knowledge made us understand this
project. We would like to show our gratitude towards all the Mechanical Engineering
Faculty members who always willingly helped us. We would like to express my gratitude
to our parents and family for their kind cooperation and encouragement which help us in
the completion of this project.

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 ABSTRACT

A venturimeter is a device used to measure the flow rate of a fluid in a pipe. It consists of a
converging section, a throat, and a diverging section. As the fluid flows through the venturimeter, its
velocity increases in the converging section and reaches its maximum at the throat. This increase
in velocity causes a decrease in pressure, as described by Bernoulli's principle. The pressure
difference between the inlet and the throat is measured using a manometer or other pressure sensing
device. This pressure difference is then used to calculate the flow rate of the fluid. Venturimeters are
widely used in various industries, including water treatment, oil and gas, and chemical
processing.They are known for their high accuracy and low pressure loss, making them a reliable and
efficient flow measurement device.

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 CONTENTS

Sr.No Topic Page No.

1 Obstacle Flow Meter 6
2 Venturimeter 8
3 Principle of Venturimeter 9
4 Design of Venturimeter 10
5 Observation Table 15
6 Reference 16

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 OBSTACLE FLOW METER

An obstacle flow meter is a type of flowmeter that uses an obstruction placed in the path of the
fluid flow to measure its flow rate.

As the fluid encounters the obstacle, it causes a pressure difference between the upstream
and downstream sides of the obstruction. This pressure difference is directly proportional to the
flow rate of the fluid.

There are several different types of obstacle flow meters, including:

 Orifice plate: This is the most common type of obstacle flow meter. It consists of a
thin plate with a circular hole in the center, which is inserted into the pipe. The pressure
difference across the orifice plate is measured using pressure taps located upstream and
downstream of the plate.

Orifice plate flow mete

 Venturi meter:
This type of obstacle
flowmeter has
converging throatal ,
diverging section. The fluid is accelerated as it passes through the converging section,
and then decelerates as it passes through the diverging section. The pressure difference
between the upstream section and the throat is measured to determine the flow rate.

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 Venturi meter flow meter

 Flow nozzle: This is similar to a venturi meter, but it has a shorter converging section

and a more gradual diverging section.

Flow nozzle flow meter

Obstacle flow meters are relatively simple and inexpensive, and they can be used to measure the
flow rate of a wide range of fluids, including liquids, gases, and slurries. However, they can
cause a significant pressure drop across the meter, which can reduce the efficiency of the system.
Additionally, they are susceptible to errors caused by changes in the fluid density and viscosity.

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 VENTURIMETER
A venturimeter is a device used to measure the flow rate of a fluid flowing through a pipe. It
operates based on the principle of Bernoulli's equation, which states that as the velocity of a fluid
increases, its pressure decreases. 1

The venturimeter consists of three main parts:

1. Throat: The narrowest point of the venturimeter is called the throat. At the throat, the
fluid reaches its maximum velocity and minimum pressure.
2. Diverging section: After the throat, the pipe diameter gradually increases in the
diverging section. This causes the fluid to decelerate, and the pressure increases.

The pressure difference between the upstream section and the throat is measured using pressure
gauges or differential pressure transmitters. This pressure difference is directly proportional to
the flow rate of the fluid. By applying Bernoulli's equation and using the measured pressure
difference, the flow rate can be calculated.

Venturimeters are widely used in various industries, including water treatment, oil and gas, and
chemical processing, due to their simplicity, accuracy, and low pressure loss.

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 PRINCIPLE OF VENTURIMETER

A venturimeter works on the principle of Bernoulli's equation, which states that as the velocity
of a fluid increases, its pressure decreases.

This device is used to measure the flow rate of fluids in pipes.

Venturimeter principle

It consists of a converging section, a throat, and a diverging section. As the fluid flows through
the converging section, the cross-sectional area decreases, causing the velocity to increase and
the pressure to decrease. The pressure difference between the inlet and the throat is measured
using a manometer.

Venturimeter manometer

The flow rate can be calculated using the following equation:

Q = Cd * A * sqrt(2 * (P1 - P2) / ρ)

where:

 Q is the flow rate

 Cd is the discharge coefficient (a constant that accounts for the losses in the venturimeter)
 A is the cross-sectional area of the throat
 P1 is the pressure at the inlet
 P2 is the pressure at the throat
 ρ is the density of the fluid

Venturimeters are widely used in various industries, including water supply, chemicals,
pharmaceuticals, and oil & gas, due to their high accuracy and low pressure loss.

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 DESIGN OF VENTURIMETER

Step 1 First we draw the fundamental drawing on the solid according to the measurement.

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Step 2 We revolved boss base give the dimention of the boundary of 2mm.

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Step 3 Cross sectional view and define the points where the pressure and velocity have to study.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

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Step 4 Give the boundary for close surface apply the flow simulation,we define the direction of
the flow(left to right) and now apply the flow simulation .

We set the velocity at surface at side 1 ,its velocity is 1m/s, and other side 1 atm pressure toward
inside the point 7.

Step 5 After run the animation of the simulation we can see the velocity effect of the fluid in
venturimeter.

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 OBSERVATION TABLE
Goal Name Unit Value Averaged minimum maximum Progress Use In Convergence
Value Value Value [%]
PG Total Pressure (point 1) [Pa] 1163230 1162112.8 1160327. 1163306.7 100 Yes
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PG Temperature of Fluid(point 1) [K] 293.2 293.2 293.2 293.2 100 Yes
PG Velocity (point 1) [m/s] 1.08 1.08 1.08 1.08 100 Yes
PG Total Pressure (point 2) [Pa] 1161483 1160365.5 1158580 1161559.4 100 Yes
PG Temperature of Fluid(point 2) [K] 293.2 293.2 293.2 293.2 100 Yes
PG Velocity (point 2) [m/s] 2.401 2.401 2.401 2.401 100 Yes
PG Total Pressure (point 3) [Pa] 1151435 1150320.8 1148541. 1151510 100 Yes
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PG Temperature of Fluid(point 3) [K] 293.19 293.19 293.19 293.19 100 Yes
PG Velocity (point 3) [m/s] 40.983 40.983 40.983 40.983 100 Yes
PG Total Pressure (point 4) [Pa] 855961.2 854834.28 853015.0 856059.91 100 Yes
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PG Temperature of Fluid(point 4) [K] 293.24 293.24 293.24 293.24 100 Yes
PG Velocity (point 4) [m/s] 55.111 55.111 55.11 55.112 100 Yes
PG Total Pressure (point 5) [Pa] 77927.06 76606.51 74486.53 78115.12 100 Yes
PG Temperature of Fluid(point 5) [K] 293.43 293.43 293.43 293.43 100 Yes
PG Velocity (point 5) [m/s] 36.563 36.56 36.539 36.591 100 Yes
PG Total Pressure (point 6) [Pa] 102654.8 102487.78 102045.8 102856.15 100 Yes
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PG Temperature of Fluid(point 6) [K] 293.25 293.25 293.25 293.26 100 Yes
PG Velocity (point 6) [m/s] 1.818 1.839 1.794 1.917 100 Yes
PG Total Pressure (point 7) [Pa] 102107.8 102058.86 101859.0 102355.02 100 Yes
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PG Temperature of Fluid (point 7) [K] 293.25 293.26 293.25 293.26 100 Yes
PG Velocity (point 7) [m/s] 1.544 1.598 1.537 1.897 100 Yes
SG Average inlet velocity 1 [m/s] 1 1 1 1 100 Yes
SG Average outlet Velocity 2 [m/s] 2.003 1.977 1.93 2.011 100 Yes
velocity change [m/s] 1.003 0.977 0.93 1.011 100 Yes

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 REFERENCE

Software -Solidworks

1. Fluid Mechanics by Frank M. White

2. Fluid Mechanics by R.K. Bansal

3. Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venturi_effect
4. Engineering ToolBox: https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/fluid-flow-meters-t_49.html
5. Testbook: https://testbook.com/mechanical-engineering/venturimeter-definition-properties-
and-types
6. Fluid Mechanics Lab: https://fm-nitk.vlabs.ac.in/exp/venturimeter/

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