Laptop Chip Level Repair Guide 542

Chapter 20

Analysis of the Laptop

Battery Charging Circuit

There are all kinds of laptop charging chip, but it can be divided into two
categories usually, first, is the old charging chip used under the Intel 1965
platform, the representative mode 1 is MAX1772;second.is the new charging
chip used above Intel GM45 platform, uses SMBUS to transfer the charging
instruction, the representative model are ISL88731 and others. Next, analyze
respectively the working principle of two kinds of charging chip.

20.1: Analysis of Charging Chip MAX1772

Used Usually Under Intel 965GM Platform

MAX 1772 is the charger with high integration density, low cost and more
chemical battery brought out by Maxim Company of USA, it can form the
battery charger with high precision and high efficiency by taking advantage of
it.MAX1772 also possesses the function of the adapter detection. MAX1772 has
the following features:

• Input current limit;

• The precision of output voltage is about 0.7%;
• Can provide the charging current more than 4A;
• The efficiency has a maximum of 95%;
• The duty cycle has a maximum of 99.99%;
• The application range is wide, is suitable for Li+, NiCd, NiMH battery
charging;
• The maximum battery voltage can reach to 18.2V;

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• Low cost;
• The charging current and the charging voltage can be controlled by the
analog input.

20.1.1The name and the definition of the pin

MAX 1772 uses double row 28 pin packaging, the top view of the pin
permutation is shown in figure 20-1. The pin definition of MAX 1772 is shown in
table 20-1.

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(Pins) --------- (Description)

1. the power input pin.
2. the linear voltage. It makes the voltage input by DCIN pin to output 5.4V
after being adjusted by the linear, during using, it should connect a shunt
capacity with 1uF between this pin and the ground.
3. the adapter current limit input.
4. 4.096V reference voltage output.
5. charge compensation capacitor connection.
6. the output current regulation loop compensation end.
7. voltage regulation loop compensation end.

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8. analog ground.
9. analog ground .
10. the battery charging signal amplification output, when the working mode
converts from the voltage model to the current mode, this end can be used to
monitor and display the size of the charge current.
11. the adapter voltage detection.
12. AC detection outputs the open drain output form. When ACIN voltage is
less than REF/2, this pin open drain outputs.
13. the reference input.
14. the charging current control. The range of voltage is REFIN/32-REFIN.If
its less than REFIN/55. the chip stops charging.
15. the maximum output voltage setting input. The range of voltage is 0-
REFIN.
16. the battery serial number setting end, when this pin connects the ground,
sets to be two series, when it connects LDO, sets to be four series, when it
connects LDO/2,sets to be three series.
17. the battery voltage output pin.
18. the output current detection input negative terminal.
19. the output current detection input positive terminal. During using, it
should connect a current detection resistance between CSIN pin.
20. the power ground.
21. down tube driving output end. This end connects with the G pole of the
down tube.
22. the down tube drive power connecting terminal.
23. the power loop end of the top tube. This end connects with the S pole of
the top tube and the inductance.
24. the top tube drive output end. This end connects with the G pole of the
top tube.
25. the top tube drive connection end. During using, it should connect a
capacitance with 1uF between this pin and LX pin.
26. the adapter current detection negative terminal

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27. the adapter current detection positive terminal.

28. the adapter input current monitor output.

20.1.2 Application Circuit

In this section, we mainly introduces the application of MAX 1772 in Quanta
CT6, is shown in figure 20-2.

The battery interface signal of CT6 is shown in figure 20-3, the explanation of
signal is below:

MBDATA, MBCLK: the system management bus data and clock.

TEMP_MBAT: battery over temperature indicator.

MBAT+: the main voltage of the battery interface

MBATV: the battery voltage sampling point, the sampling voltage is sent to EC,
EC judges the fault.

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Figure 20-2: The application of MAX1772 in CT6

Figure 20-3: The battery interface signal of CT6

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The working process:

MAX 1772 through CELLS and VCTL sets the charging voltage.EC through
the system management bus reads the battery parameter, then sends the
charging current setting signal CC-SET to ICTL pin of the charging chip, after
MAX 1772 receiving ICTL, starts to charge the battery according to the set
voltage and current, through charging current detection resistance to detect the
charging current. The setting of CELL pin is shown in figure 20-4, when the
voltage of CELLS pin is less than 0.2V, sets to be 2 core; when the voltage of
CELLS pin is higher than 0.4V and is less than the voltage reduce 0.5V of LDO
pin, sets to be 3 core; when the voltage of CELLS is higher than the voltage
reduce 0.25V of LDO pin, sets to be 4 core.

The calculation of the charging voltage: according to the figure 20-2, we can
know that CELLS is from the partial pressure of 1772_5.4V, is set to be 3 cores,
REFIN is connected to 3VPCU (3.3V), VCTL gets 0.848V by the partial
pressure of REF4.09. According to the formula (20.1), we can calculate that the
charging voltage is 12.6V. As the following:

The calculation of the charging current: in the figure 20-2, the charging current
detection resistance PR112 (is RS2 in the formula (20.2)) is 0.05Ω. According
to the formula (20.2), it only needs to change VICTL, and then the charging
current can be changed.

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For example, if EC sends VICTL is 1V voltage, then we can calculate that the
charging current is 1.24A.

20.2: Analysis of The Charging Chip ISL88731

Used Usually by The Intel GM45
ISL88731 is the lithium ion battery charger controller with highly integrated
produced by Intersil Company, it can program through the system management
bus. It is different from the traditional charging chip, ISL88731 though SMBUS
communicates with EC to control charging, SMBUS connects the battery
interface.EC and the charging chip at the same time. The charging voltage,
charging current, charging enable and other control signals are transmitted
through SMBUS, no VCTL, VICTL and other pins.ISL88731 has two functions
of the adapter detection and charging control. The main features of ISL88731:

• 0.5% Battery Voltage Accuracy

• 3% Adapter Current Limit Accuracy
• 3% Charge Current Accuracy •
SMBUS 2-Wire Serial Interface •
Battery Short Circuit Protection
• Fast Response for Pulse-Charging
• Fast System-Load Transient Response
• Monitor Outputs
• Adapter Current (3% Accuracy)
• AC-Adapter Detection
• 11-Bit Battery Voltage Setting
• 6 Bit Charge Current/Adapter Current Setting
• 8A Maximum Battery Charger Current •
11A Maximum Adapter Current
• +8V to +28V Adapter Voltage Range

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20.2.1 The name and the pin definition of ISL88731

The ISL88731 is available in a small 5mm x 5mm 28 Ld Thin (0.8mm) QFN
package, is shown in figure 20-5.

Figure 20-5: Pin definition of ISL88731 (top view)

Functional Pin Description

BOOT = High-Side Power MOSFET Driver Power-Supply Connection.
Connect a 0.1µF capacitor from BOOT-to -PHASE.
UGATE = High-Side Power MOSFET Driver Output. Connect to the high-side
N-channel MOSFET gate.
LGATE = Low-Side Power MOSFET Driver Output. Connect to low-side N
channel MOSFET. LGATE drives between VDDP and PGND.
PHASE = High-Side Power MOSFET Driver Source Connection. Connect to
the source of the high-side N-Channel MOSFET.
CSOP = Charge Current-Sense Positive Input.
CSON = Charge Current-Sense Negative Input.
CSSP = Input Current-Sense Positive Input. CSSN
= Input Current-Sense Negative Input.

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DCIN = Charger Bias Supply Input. Bypass DCIN with a 0.1µF capacitor to
GND.
ACIN = AC Adapter Detection Input. Connect to a resistor divider from the AC
adapter output.
ACOK = AC Detect Output. This open drain output is high impedance when
ACIN is greater than 3.2V. The ACOK output remains low when the ISL88731
is powered down. Connect a 10k pull-up resistor from ACOK to VDDSMB.
ICM = Input Current Monitor Output. ICM voltage equals 20 x (VCSSP -
VCSSN).
VREF = VREF is a reference output pin. It is internally compensated. Do not
connect a decoupling capacitor.
PGND = Power Ground. Connect PGND to the source of the low side
MOSFET.
VCC = Power input for internal analog circuits. Connect a 4.7  resistor from
VCC to VDDP and a 1µF ceramic capacitor from VCC to ground.
VDDP = Linear Regulator Output. VDDP is the output of the 5.2V linear
regulator supplied from DCIN. VDDP also directly supplies the LGATE driver
and the BOOT strap diode. Bypass with a 1µF ceramic capacitor from VDDP to
PGND.
ICOMP = Compensation Point for the charging current and adapter current
regulation Loop. Connect 0.01µF to GND. See "Charge Current Control Loop" on
page 18. for details of selecting the ICOMP capacitor.
VCOMP = Compensation Point for the voltage regulation loop. Connect 4.7k 
in series with 0.01µF to GND. See "Voltage Control Loop" on page 19 for
details on selecting VCOMP components.
VFB = Feedback for the Battery Voltage.
VDDSMB = SMBus interface Supply Voltage Input. Bypass with a 0.1µF
capacitor to GND.
SDA = SMBus Data I/O. Open-drain Output. Connect an external pull-up
resistor according to SMBus specifications.
SCL = SMBus Clock Input. Connect an external pull-up resistor according to
SMBus specifications.
GND = Analog Ground. Connect directly to the backside paddle. Connect to
PGND close to the output capacitor.

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Back Side Paddle = Connect the backside paddle to GND.

NC = No Connect. Pins 1, 5, 7 and 14 are not connected.

(Pins) ----------------- (Description)

1. the vacant pin
2. AC adapter detection input end. From the power adapter voltage dividing into
voltage through two resistances.
3. the reference voltage output, the standard value is 3.2V.
4. the charging current compensation point and the adapter current regulation
loop
5. the vacant pin
6. the compensation point voltage regulation loop
7. the vacant pin
8. inputs the current detection output, the voltage of ICM is equal to 20 times of
(VCSSPJVCSSN)
9. the system management bus 10.
the system management bus
11. the system management bus module power supply
12. ground connection
13. the adapter detection output. When ACIN is higher than 3.2V.ACOK signal
open drain outputs the high level, needs for external pulling up.
14. the vacant pin
15. the battery voltage feedback
16. the vacant pin
17. the charging current detection negative input terminal 18.
the charging current detection positive input terminal

19. ground connection

20. the G pole driver signal of the charging down tube

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21. the linear voltage of 5.2V output

22. the main power supply input.

23. the phase pin, the top tube driving loop.

24. the G pole driver signal of the charging top tube.

25. boot-strap sends supplies power to the driver of the top tube.

26. internal artificial circuit power supply, through 4.7Ω resistance connects VCC
with VDDP.

27. the adapter current detection negative input.

28. the adapter current detection positive input.

20.2.2 The typical application diagram

The typical application of ISL88731 is shown in figure 20-6.

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Figure 20-6: The typical application of ISL88731

In the figure 20-6, is the explanation of the working process of ISL88731:
(1) After the adapter switching in, and through the body diode sends to DCIN
pin, supplies main power to the chip; at the same time, through the resistance
dividing into voltage sends to ACIN pin.

(2) The chip internal linear regulator block outputs 5.2V linear voltage from the
chip VDDP and through the resistance supplies the main power supply to VCC.

(3) The chip internal produces the reference voltage with 3.2V.
(4) After ACIN being higher than 3.2V, the chip open drained outputs ACOK,
is pulled up to be high level by VCC.
(5) HOST (EC) through SCL, SDA communicate with the battery interface,
when the battery is low, EC through SDA, SCL transmits the charging voltage,
the charging current, the charging enable and other control instruction to
ISL88731.
(6) The chip starts to drive the charging top tube and down tube conducted in
turn, outputs the voltage to charge the battery.
(7) ISL88731 through VFB monitors the charging voltage, through CSOP and
CSON monitors the charging current.

(8) The chip through CSSP and CSSN monitors the current RSI flow that is the
adapter current. Enlarge the value of "CSSP-CSSN" 20 times through the chip
internal, and outputs from ICM to send to EC, informs EC the size of the
complete machine input current at present.

(9) According to the power dissipation of the total power of the adapter and the
system operation currently, EC adjusts the size of the charging current properly,
to prevent that the charging power is too high and exceeds the adapter output
limiting, then it will cause the adapter burning because of overload.

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