nae exAMLEAS I) Freuiichcy reuse and system @apaaly >> 2 ‘a mobile communication system is allocated RF A ralnumber of 1000 voice channels can be supp spectrum of 25 MHz and uses RF channel bandwidth of 25 kHz vo that i orted in the system, ees fa) Ifthe service area is divided into 20 cells with a frequent (g) Te cellsize is teduced tothe extent thatthe service ar while keeping the frequency reuse factor as 4, ider the cell size is further reduced so th i (o consi so that the same service area is now covered with 700 cells reuse factor of 7. Compute the system capacity. cet commenton the results obtained. Icy reuse factor of 4, compute the system capacity. fea is now covered with 100 cells. Compute the system capacity with the frequency solution 4 : ‘Number of available voice channels, NV = 1000 (given) step 1. To determine the cluster capacity We know that in a cellular system based on frequency-reuse concept, all the given available channels, that is, 1000, are allocated to each cluster uniformly. Therefore, each cluster can serve 1000 active users simultaneously. In other words, the capacity of a cluster = 1000 (a) To compute the system capacity for given K ‘Number of cells covering the area = 20 (given) Frequency reuse factor or cluster size=4 (given) Step 2. To determine number of clusters Number of clusters = number of cells/cluster size Therefore, number of clusters = 20/4 = 5 Step 3. To determine the system capacity The capacity of a cluster = 1000 (as calculated is Step 1) Number of clusters = 5 (as calculated is Step 2)ications jess Communicat 108 | baci i = 1000 x 5 = 5000 sannels in all 5 clusters ee mest ithe system capacity = 5000 users jence, ” it 2d number of cells. ‘ew system capacity for increased num ° Roeormnot eels covering the area = 100 (given) Froqueney reuse factor or cluster size =4 (given) 4, Todetermine number of clusters SP fore, number of clusters = 100/4 = 25 ‘ ‘step 5. To determine newsystem capacity “Thos, number of channels in all 25 clusters = 1000 x 25 = 25000 Hence, the new system capacity = 25000 users {(@ Tocompute new system capacity for increased number of cells and cluster size. ‘Number of cells covering the area = 700 (given) Frequency reuse factor or cluster size =7 (given) Step 6. To determine number of clusters ‘Therefore, number of clusters = 700/7 = 100 Step 7. Todeterminenew system capacity ‘Thus, number of channels in 100 clusters Hence, 1000 x 100 = 100,000 the new system capacity = 100,000 usersHe phical service nar istona “that a geographical service area of a cellulat system Is 4200 km? 0 cont Cipescethearbaotacaiteas tat 10 ken’. A total of 1001 radio channels are a ppandling viny times would the cluster of size 7 have to be replicate ire servic mi roc en per celland the systemeapeary cated in order to coverthe entire service area? Calculate the wvatlable for iy ne cite size is decreased from 7 to 4, then does it result into increase in system capacity? Comment on the rezults obtained. ” sotuterearea ofa cellular system, A, . Coverage area of a ce!l, A. oral numiber of available channels, N 200 km? (given) 12km? (given) 1001 (given) (a) Tocaleulate ‘number of clusters, cell capacity, and system capacity Cluster size, K=7 (given) step 1. Tocalculate the coverage area of a cluster The coverage area of a CUSteE, Asruier = KX Ace Therefore, Actuster = 7 * 12 km? = 84 km? ‘step 2. To calculate the number of clusters The number of times that the cluster has to be replicated to cover the entire service area of cellular system = A,,,/Actuster On, number of clusters, M = 4200/84 — number of clusters, M = $0 clusters ‘step 3. To calculate cell capacity ‘Since total number of available channels are allocated to one cluster, therefore, the number of channels per cell, J= N/K on cell capacity, J = 1001/7 Hence, cell capacity, J= 143 channels/cell ‘step 4. Tocalculate system capacity The system capacity, C or, system capacity, C= Hence, __ the system capacity, C x M. 001 x, 50 0,050 channels (b) To calculate new system capacity for reduced K New cluster size, K=4 (given) Step 5. To calculate the coverage area of anew cluster The coverage area of a cluster, Acre, = KX Asin Therefore, Agus = 4 X 12 km? = 48 km" Step 6. To calculate increased number of clusters ‘The number of times that the cluster has to be replicated to cover the entire service area of a cellular system = Aye/ Actsrer0] iedssCommunicatons 0%, rumberf chistes, M = 4200 ee Hence, ap umber ofcasters, W874 sep. Toealubtene ste copay Oo The system capacity, C= Nx ” Syste ol x Hence, stem pacity ‘eon has saat for deorease 30. cluster Size from 7 to 4 resy IteEXAMPLE 4.10 J] Frequency ‘Teuse distance, D Determine the distance from the nearest co factor of 12. channel cell for a cell having a radius of 0.64 km and a cochannet solution ‘The radius of a cell, R = 0.64 km (given) The cochannel reuse factor, q = 12 (given) To determine the distance from the nearest cochannel cell, D We know that Or, ‘Therefore, D=12 x 0.64km = 7.68 km Hence, the distance from the nearest cochannel cell, D = 7.68 kmCalculate the number of times the cluster of size 4 have to be replicated in order to approximately cover the entire ser, area of 1765 km? with the adequate number of uniform-sized cells of 7 km? each. vice Solution Size of the cluster, K=4 (given) Area of a cell, A... =7km? (given) | | | |1, Todetermine area of the cluster ofa clusters Acnarer = K Acct ‘pherefore, Acnsier = 4 % 7 km? = 28 km? ‘step 2. Todetermine number of clusters in the service area Total service area, Ayysrem = 1765 km? (given) sper of clusters in Service AEA = Asien! Asa ‘clusters in service area = 1765 km! / 28 km? clusters in service area = 63 step area Num Number 0} Number © ene ¢, the number of times the cluster of size 4 has to be replicated is 63Consider a single high-power transmitter that can support 40 voice channels over an area of Vt ke of 140 kr with spectrum. If this area is equally divided into seven smaller each cell supports 30% ofthe channels, then determing eS! Each Supported by lower oer trans (a) coverage area of each cell (0) total number of voice channels available in cellular system Comment on the results obtained. the avaliable102 | Wireless Communications solution Total service ‘Total number of ch area to be covered = 140 km? (given hannels available = 40 (ziven)_ ; Number of cells = 7 (given) {ay Todetermine coverage area ofeach cell Step 1. coverage area ofacell = Total service area 7 Numb rverage area of a cell = 140 km?/ 7 = 20 er oreells Hence, (4) Todeterminetotal number ofvoice channels availa ! | Step 2. Number of voice channels per cell = 30% of original eee Is (given) Serer of voice channels per cell = 0.3 x 40 = 2 3 x 40 = 12 ch Toil number of voice channels avaiable in cellular aaa! snipe by the number of cells in the service area, is given by the number of ch: Hence, total number of voice channels = 12 x 7 2 84 ehatinels “ = 84 channels