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Arrays and Collections in Java

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40 views2 pages

Arrays and Collections in Java

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nnaveenjaimm
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Arrays and Collections in Java

Arrays in Java
Definition: Arrays are a fixed-size, homogeneous data structure in Java, meaning they store

elements of the same data type.

Key Features:

- Fixed size: Once defined, the size of an array cannot change.

- Zero-based index: Array indexing starts at 0.

- Homogeneous elements: Only elements of the same type can be stored.

Declaration:

int[] numbers = new int[5]; // Declares an array of integers with size 5

int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; // Declaration and initialization

Accessing Elements: Using index, e.g., numbers[0] gives the first element.

Common Operations:

- Iteration: Using for loop or enhanced for-each.

- Sorting: Using Arrays.sort(array) for sorting.

- Copying: Using Arrays.copyOf() for duplicating arrays.

Collections in Java
Definition: Collections in Java are flexible data structures that can store a dynamic number of

elements.

Key Features:

- Can grow or shrink in size dynamically.

- Offers a variety of implementations (List, Set, Map).


- Supports various operations like sorting, searching, and modifying.

Hierarchy:

- List: Ordered collection (e.g., ArrayList, LinkedList).

- Set: Unordered collection with unique elements (e.g., HashSet, TreeSet).

- Map: Key-value pairs (e.g., HashMap, TreeMap).

Common Operations:

- Add, Remove, and Retrieve: add(), remove(), get().

- Iteration: Using Iterator, for-each, or streams.

- Sorting: Collections like List can be sorted using Collections.sort().

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