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On RC Circuits

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113 views13 pages

On RC Circuits

Uploaded by

bunnyipod5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GEETHANJALI COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY


ECE DEPARTMENT
SSP LAB

Topic name : RC CIRCUITS

PRESENTED BY : T.Hemanth rao (24R11A0482)


V.Pragathi(24R11A0483)
V.Pravallika(24R11A0484)
RC Circuit
TOPICS INVOLVED :​

 INTRODUCTION ​TO RC CIRCUITS

 SIGNIFICANCE​

 OBJECTIVES OF EXPERIMENT

 APPLICATIONS

 SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION ​TO RC CIRCUITS
 An RC circuit is an electrical circuit consisting of a
resistor (R) and a capacitor (C) connected in series
or parallel.

These circuits are fundamental in electronics,serving


various functions such as filtering,timing,and energy
storage.

Understanding their behaviour is crucial for


applications in both analog and digital systems.
SIGNIFICANCE OF RC CIRCUITS IN PHYSICS
 ROLE OF RESISTOR: Resistor is a passive electronic
component that limits the flow of electric current in a circuit. It
is used to control voltage levels, divide voltage, and dissipate
power.

 ROLE OF CAPACITOR: A capacitor is an electronic component


that stores electrical energy in an electric field.
 It consists of two conductors saperated by an insulator called
dielectric
 When a voltage is applied across the conductor , electric
charge accumulates on the plates creating electric field
between them 
 This stored energy can be released later making capacitors
useful for various applications
 The capacitor can charge faster than a battery and release its
energy more quickly
OBJECTIVES OF EXPERIMENT
 CALCULATING THE TIME CONSTANT OF RC CIRCUIT :

Charging Phase:

• Initially, the capacitor acts as a short circuit, allowing a surge of current to flow.
As the capacitor begins to accumulate charge, its voltage rises, gradually
reducing the voltage difference across the resistor.

• Consequently, the current through the resistor decreases exponentially.

• This exponential decay in current is governed by the circuit's time constant (τ),
defined as the product of resistance and capacitance (τ = RC).
• The time constant (τ) of an RC circuit in the charging phase is the time it takes for
the voltage across the capacitor to reach approximately 63.2% of its final value.
• It is calculated as the product of the resistance (R) and capacitance (C) in the
circuit:
τ = RC
Discharging Phase:

• When the voltage source is removed and the circuit is left to itself, the capacitor
begins to discharge.

• The stored energy in the electric field of the capacitor is dissipated as heat
through the resistor. As the capacitor discharges, the voltage across it decreases
exponentially.

• The rate of discharge is again determined by the time constant (τ = RC).

• After approximately five time constants (5τ), the capacitor is considered fully
discharged, and the voltage across it becomes negligible.
• The time constant (τ) of an RC circuit in the discharging phase is the
time it takes for the voltage across the capacitor to decrease to
approximately 36.8% of its initial value.
• It is also calculated as the product of the resistance (R) and
capacitance (C) in the circuit:
τ = RC
APPLICATIONS OF RC CIRCUITS:

 Rc circuits are widely used in various applications including low-pass and high-
pass filters,timing circuits ,and a signal processing.

 Their ability to control voltage and current makes them essential in both analog
and digital electronics

 Some of the key real-world applications include:


 Audio Systems: Equalization, tone control
 Communication Systems: Filters, oscillators
 Microcontrollers: Timing circuits, debouncing switches
 Medical Devices: Pacemakers, defibrillators
 Automotive Electronics: Sensor signal conditioning, ignition systems
•Filtering:
•Low-pass filters
Low-pass filter
•High-pass filters
•Band-pass filters

•Timing Circuits:
•Timers and oscillators
•Pulse shaping RC Timer
•Waveform Shaping:
•Converting square waves to sine waves
•Smoothing signals

•Power Supply Decoupling:


•Filtering out noise and ripple
CONCLUSION:
• Understanding RC circuits is essential for anyone involved in electronics.

• Their fundamental behaviour in charging and discharging coupled with their


various applications,showcases their importance in modern technology.

• Mastering these concepts will enhance your skills in circuit design.


Thank You !

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