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s1.3 Review Database

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24 views32 pages

s1.3 Review Database

Uploaded by

Dũng Tạ Quang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Basic Database Review

Course: Data Warehouse IS 337


What is Data?

In simple words, data can be facts related to any object in consideration

For example:

▪ Name, age, date of birth of a student

▪ File, image, audio can also be considered data


What is Database?
A collection of related data in a certain context
Database Example

Customer Product

Order
Database Example

Customer
Database Example

Product
Database Example

Order
What is Database?
A collection of related data in a certain context

Two main types of database: relational database and non-relational database


Relational Database
• Entity: A specified object in the real world

▪ Example: a bill, a car, a student,…

• Attribute: Property that describes the entity

▪ Example: name, age and identity number are attributes of a student

• Table: A set of entities have similar structure

▪ Example: students at Thang Long University


attributes

an entity
Relational Database
A relational database is a collection of data items with pre-defined relationships
between them.

These items are organized as a set of tables with columns and rows.
Relational Database

Customer Table

Product Table Order Table


23411242 Nguyễn Văn A 04 Pham Ngu Lao, Q.1 123-123-456

Nguyễn Văn A
1175222
903455322 03/27 23411242 04 Pham Ngu Lao, Q.1 1175222 1
Primary key
An attribute (or a list of attributes) that uniquely identifies each row in a table
Primary key
A column (or a list of attributes) that uniquely identifies each row in a table
- No duplicate primary key value
- Every row must have a value in primary key column (primary key cannot be null)
- Value in primary key column should not be modified once created
Foreign key
A referencing key to link two tables together

Foreign keys don’t have to be unique. They can be repeated in a table


Foreign Key

Foreign key
Foreign key
A referencing key to link two tables together

Foreign keys don’t have to be unique. They can be repeated in a table

A table can have multiple foreign keys


Foreign Key

Foreign key
Entity Relationship Diagram
An Entity Relationship (ER) Diagram is a type of flowchart that illustrates how “entities”
such as people, objects or concepts relate to each other within a system.
Entity Relationship Diagram
Entities

Attributes
Entity Relationship Diagram
- Reminder: this is One-to-Many relationship
- To determine optionality, ask this question: Does Entity A have to have entity B?

If Yes: place a single vertical line next to B If No: place a circle next to B
Entity A must have at least 1 Entity B Entity A doesn’t have to have Entity B

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