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    PROJECT FOR AUTOMATION CONTROL SYSTEM

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    PROJECT FOR AUTOMATION CONTROL SYSTEM

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    22151002
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    6 views11 pages

    PROJECT FOR AUTOMATION CONTROL SYSTEM

    Uploaded by

    22151002

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    PROJECT FOR AUTOMATION CONTROL SYSTEM

    Hà Trường An -22151002 Lecture : Ngô Văn Thuyên


    HARDWARE FOR SYSTEM DRYING TOMATOS BY USING HOT AIR
    DRYING

    3.1 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

    - Request of customer : Degisn a thermal system can drying the tomatos


    by using hot air drying . But it can adjust the heat of the system if they want
    to dry tomato more fast . However , the system need to show for them the
    temperatures parameters and working status of the system for them easy to
    observe the state of tomatos . Next , The system couldn’t have a complicate
    control system it need to be easy for the customer can use it . Finally the
    system is designed with a moderate price in mind

    - Design proposal : to respond the usage need of customer for the design
    of the system. First to make a system easy to control anda have a good price
    , I recommended use the Microcontroller Adruino Mega 2560, beacause of
    the programe use for the system control by Adruino Mega are very optimal ,it
    can let the customer easy to understand how that system work and the
    price for that microcontroller is very suitable for the request of customer that
    easy to control and have a good price. Second I recommended use LCD 16X2
    with I2c to show the temperature and working status of the system . Finally
    to adjust the heat of system I will use a 4x4 button keyboard because the
    đsign of it is very simple and easy to use

    3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM REQUIRMENT


    3.3 : MICROCONTROLLER

    3.3.1 : Summary about Adruino mega 2560

    Fig 3.3.1 a )Adruino Mega 2560

    Microcontroller ATmega2560
    Operating Voltage 5V
    Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V
    Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
    Digital I/O Pins 54 (of which 14 provide PWM
    output)
    Analog Input Pins 16
    DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
    DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
    Flash Memory 256 KB of which 8 KB used by
    bootloader
    SRAM 8 KB
    EEPROM 4 KB
    Clock Speed 16 MHz
    We can read the adruino mega data sheet at :
    ArduinoMega2560Datasheet.pdf

    3.3.2 : Reason to use Adruino mega for control the system

    - High number inputs and outputs : Acording to the data table at


    3.3.1 we can know that Adruino mega have 54 I/O pins and 16 analog
    input pins . For a furnace, this can include temperature sensors, safety
    interlocks, and multiple output devices such as heaters or fans.

    - Large Memory Capacity : From the datasheet of adruino mega


    2560 the memory with 256 KB of flash memory and 8 KB of SRAM, it let
    the Arduino Mega can handle more complex control algorithms, data
    logging, and larger codebases compared to smaller Arduino boards.
    This is beneficial for advanced furnace control logic and real-time
    monitoring.

    - Cost-Effective Solution : Adruino mega is very cheap if we


    compare it with anorther microcontroller. and its working ability is no
    less than other microcontroller.

    -Ease of Programming : The Arduino platform is beginner-friendly,


    with a simple IDE and a vast community offering pre-written libraries
    and tutorials. This reduces development time and facilitates debugging
    for controlling complex systems like furnaces.

    3.4 : PREPHERAL DEVIDES FOR MICROCONTROLLER

    3.4.1 : Display devide

    3.4.1.1 : Sumary about LCD with I2C

    - LCD 16X2 :
    Fig 3.4.1 a) LCD with I2C

    ITEM SYMBOL CONDITION


    Input Voltage Vdd VDD = + 5 V
    Supply Current Idd VDD = + 5 V
    -20 °C
    Recommended LC 0 °C
    Driving Voltage for VDD to V0 25 °C
    Normal Temperature 50 °C
    Version Module 70 °C

    LED Forward Voltage 25 °C


    VF
    LED Forward Current - IF 25 °C
    Array
    LED Forward Current -
    Edge
    EL Power Supply IEL VEL = 110 VAC, 400
    Current Hz

    Full datasheet for LCD : lcd016n002bcfhet.pdf


    - I2C :

    Datasheet for i2c :


    https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/user-guide/UM10204.pdf

    3.4.1.2 : Reason to use LCD 16x2 with I2C to display the


    parameters

    - Compact and Clear Display : Displays up to 16 characters per line


    across 2 rows, making it ideal for showing furnace parameters like
    temperature, setpoint, time, or status messages in a compact format.
    - I2C Communication Reduces Pin Usage : Traditional LCDs
    require multiple GPIO pins (up to 16) for data and control. An I2C
    interface significantly reduces this into 2 pin

    - Power and Space Efficiency : An LCD 16x2 module with I2C


    consumes minimal power, which is beneficial for embedded systems
    with power constraints.

    - Cost-Effective Solution : LCD 16x2 modules with I2C are affordable


    compared to more complex display options (e.g., OLED or TFT).

    - Minimal Interference with System Timing : I2C communication is


    relatively low-speed and asynchronous with other system tasks, so it
    does not significantly interfere with the real-time control of the thermal
    furnace.

    3.4.2 : Solid state relay

    3.4.2.1 : Sumary about 5V 2 channel Solid state relay

    Size 53*32*23mm/2.08*1.31*0.9"
    Input Power 5V DC (160mA)
    Input control signal voltage (0-2.5V state low relay OFF)
    (3.3-5V state high relay ON)
    DC +: positive power supply (by relay voltage power supply)

    DC-: connect power negative

    CH: relay module signal to trigger the end (high level trigger effective)

    3.4.2.2 : Reason to use 5V 2 channel Solid state relay

    - Fast response : A 5V 2 channel sold state relay has very fast time
    response . Which is important for control element heat of the thermal
    system In a thermal furnace, accurate temperature control requires
    quick adjustments to the power supplied to heating elements.

    - Isolation Between the system and power source :In thermal


    system using Adruino to controll can’t use the high power source to
    work and the system will damged by that high power . The isolation
    ensures that the control system (typically a microcontroller ) is not
    exposed to the high-voltage or high-current side of the furnace,
    enhancing safety and longevity.

    - Durability and Longevity : 5V Solid-state relays are more durable


    than mechanical relays, especially in environments with high
    temperatures or frequent switching cycles, as they are less prone to
    wear and tear. This makes them ideal for furnace systems, where long-
    term reliability is critical for continuous operation.

    - Low Power Control : The 5V control voltage is compatible with


    Adruino Mega 2560 making it easy to integrate into a thermal furnace
    system. The low-power control side simplifies the design and reduces
    power consumption.

    - Energy Efficiency : 5V SSR operate with minimal energy loss


    compared to mechanical relays, leading to greater energy efficiency

    3.4.3 : Max6675

    3.4.3.1 : Sumary about 5V 2 channel Solid state relay


    Supply Voltage (VCC to GND) -0.3V to +6V
    SO, SCK, CS, T-, T+ to GND -0.3V to VCC + 0.3V
    SO Current 50mA
    ESD Protection (Human Body Model) ±2000V
    Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C)
    8-Pin SO (derate 5.88mW/°C above 471mW
    +70°C)
    Operating Temperature Range -20°C to +85°C
    Full datasheet for max6675 :
    https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-
    sheets/MAX6675.pdf

    3.4.3.2 : Reason to use MAX6675 in thermal furnace system

    -High Accuracy Temperature Measurement : From the datasheet


    we can know that MAX6675 offers high accuracy, with a typical error of
    ±2°C over a wide temperature range (0°C to 1024°C). This level of
    accuracy is crucial for thermal furnace systems, where maintaining
    precise temperature control is critical for consistent heating

    - Supports K-Type Thermocouple : The MAX6675 is designed to


    interface directly with K-type thermocouples, which are commonly used
    for high-temperature applications like furnaces

    - Low Power Consumption : The MAX6675 is designed to operate


    with low power consumption, typically drawing less than 1mA during
    operation

    3.4.4 : Another device

    3.4.4.1 : Light Bub


    Power 60W
    Voltage 220V – 50Hz
    Luminous flux Bright 690lm, dim 670lm
    Filament type Coiled coil
    Lifetime 1000 hours
    Dimensions Diameter 60mm, length 105mm

    3.4.4.2 : 12V DC Fan

    Voltage 12V
    Dimensions 8x8 cm
    Speed Reference 4000 ± 10% RPM
    Noise Reference 18 dB
    Airflow Reference 18.17–25.97 CFM• Current: 12V
    0.18A

    3.4.4.3 : 4x4 keypad


    3.5 : SENSOR

    3.5.1 : Sumary about Thermal couple K

    - The Thermocouple K Type sensor, combined with the MAX6675


    circuit, is an excellent choice for temperature measurement due to its
    wide range, durability, accuracy, and compatibility. With the ability to
    measure from 0~800°C, this sensor is suitable for high-temperature
    applications, while also being precise enough for incubators, where
    temperatures range around 60-70°C, with potential for expansion into
    other uses

    Datasheet for thermal couple K :


    https://www.aperam.com/sites/default/files/documents/Datasheet
    %20Thermocouple%20type%20K-1.pdf

    3.5.2 : Reason to use thermal couple K thermal furnace system

    - Capable to use with MAX6675 : As know before thermal couple K


    is very suitable when work with MAX6675 so we will choose this devide
    for the thermal system

    - Wide Temperature Range : K-type thermocouples can measure


    temperatures ranging from -200°C to 1372°C, making them suitable
    for a broad spectrum of applications, including those in thermal
    furnace systems

    - Cost-Effective : K-type thermocouples are relatively inexpensive


    compared to other high-temperature sensors, such as platinum
    resistance thermometers or optical pyrometers. This makes them a
    cost-effective choice for thermal furnace systems, especially when
    multiple sensors are needed or when budget constraints are a
    consideration.

    - Fast Response Time : This is crucial in thermal furnace systems


    where temperature fluctuations need to be monitored and controlled
    quickly to ensure the stability of the process

    - High Precision and Accuracy : K-type thermocouples provide


    relatively accurate temperature measurements, especially within their
    operating range. While not as precise as some other temperature
    sensors, they offer a good balance of accuracy and durability for
    thermal furnace applications where maintaining consistent
    temperature is essential for process control.

    3.6 : EXECUTIVE STRUCTURE

    - When the system active, and the thermal inside the box will equal
    with the teamperature of the room and the thermal couple K will detect
    that temperature and send signal to the Microcontroller, if the
    temperature set in setpoint is higher than the temperature the thermal
    couple send back to the microcontroller . Therfore , the microcontorller
    will send a signal to the SSR and active the state on/off of the light
    bub. It will increase the temperature of the system after one loop , it
    will go back again at step detect temperature and repeat the working
    loop step by step until the temperature send to microcontroller by
    thermal couple equal with set point , The microcontroller will send a
    signal to SSR to turn of the light bub . If custom want to change the
    heat of the thermal furnace , they can add the temperature parameter
    they want into setpoint by the 4x4 keypad . All of the temperature
    parameter and working state will be show on the LCD with I2C
    3.7 : CONNECTION DIAGRAM

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