Electric Drive Systems Lecture No.1 Dr. Prof.
Mohammed Tawfeeq Alzuhairi
PHILADELPHIA UNIVERSITY
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPT.
ELECTRICAL DRIVE SYSTEMS
LECTURE NOTES
AL-ZUHAIRI
MOHAMMED T. LAZIM
Professor of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department
Philadelphia University, Jordan
2017-2018
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Electric Drive Systems Lecture No.1 Dr. Prof.Mohammed Tawfeeq Alzuhairi
1. Introduction to Electrical Drives:
Definition: An ELECTRIC DRIVE is defined as an electromechanical
device designed to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy to
impart motion to different machines and provides electrical control for
various kinds of processes by means of “controller”.
The aim of the controller is to adjust or stabilize the speed of the motor to
suit a given industrial task.
In the past, horse power replaces the hand power drive by using animals.
These animals were replaced by mechanical drive powered by wind mills,
water wheels and turbines, steam engine, internal combustion engine and
electrical machines (Electric Drives).
Development of Electrical Drives
The development of different kinds of electric drives used in industry may
be divided into three stages:
(1) Group Electric Drive
This drive consists of a single motor, which drives one or more line shafts
supported on bearings. The line shaft may be fitted with either pulleys and
belts or gears, by means of which a group of machines or mechanisms may
be operated. It is also sometimes called as SHAFT DRIVES.
Advantages
A single large motor can be used instead of number of small motors
Disadvantages
There is no flexibility. If the single motor used develops fault, the whole
process will be stopped.
(2) Individual Electric Drive
In this drive each individual machine is driven by a separate motor. This
motor also imparts motion to various parts of the machine.
(3) Multi Motor Electric Drive
In this drive system, there are several individual drives, each of which serves
to operate of many working machines or mechanism in some production
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Electric Drive Systems Lecture No.1 Dr. Prof.Mohammed Tawfeeq Alzuhairi
unit. E.g.: Complicated metal cutting machine tools, paper making
industries, rolling machines, building cranes, aircrafts, etc.
General Electric Drive System
Fig.1 shows the basic structural diagram of a variable speed electrical drive
system which generally has the following components:
A device that converts electrical energy of the source in the form of
suitable to the motor. This device is called MODULATOR.
A device that transforms electrical power into mechanical power
(An electric motor or electromagnet).
A device that converts mechanical energy and impart it the actuating
mechanism (reducers and other intermediate gearing- mechanical system).
Fig.1 Block diagram of drive system.
Drive System Components
1--Electrical Motors
Most commonly used electrical motor for speed control applications are the
following:
DC Machines
Shunt, series, compound, separately excited DC motors and switched
reluctance machines.
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Electric Drive Systems Lecture No.1 Dr. Prof.Mohammed Tawfeeq Alzuhairi
AC Machines
Induction, wound rotor, synchronous, PM synchronous and synchronous
reluctance machines.
Special Machines
Brush less DC motors, stepper motors, switched reluctance motors are used.
2- Power Electronic Modulators
Functions:
Modulates flow of power from the source to the motor in such a
manner that motor is imparted speed-torque characteristics required
by the load
It converts electrical energy of the source in the form of suitable to the
motor
Selects the mode of operation of the motor (i.e.) Motoring and
Braking.
Types of Power Electronic Modulators
In the electric drive system, the power modulators can be any one of the
following
Controlled rectifiers (ac to dc converters)
Inverters (dc to ac converters)
AC voltage controllers (AC to AC converters)
DC choppers (DC to DC converters)
converters (Frequency changer)
3- Electrical Sources (Input power)
Very low power drives are generally fed from single -phase sources. Rest of
the drives is powered from a 3- phase source. Low and medium power
motors are fed from a 400V supply. For higher ratings, motors may be rated
at 3.3kV, 6.6kV and 11 kV. Some drives are powered from battery.
4- Sensing Unit
Speed Sensing (From Motor)
Torque Sensing
Position Sensing
Current sensing and Voltage Sensing from Lines or from motor terminals.
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Electric Drive Systems Lecture No.1 Dr. Prof.Mohammed Tawfeeq Alzuhairi
Temperature Sensing [From Load]
5- Controller
Controller for a power modulator matches the motor and power converter to
meet the load requirements.
Classification of Electric Drives
1. According to Mode of Operation
Continuous duty drives
Short time duty drives
Intermittent duty drives
2. According to Means of Control
Manual
Semi automatic
Automatic
3. According to Number of machines
Individual drive
Group drive
Multi-motor drive
4. Another main classification of electric drive is
DC drive
AC drive
Comparison between DC and AC drives
DC DRIVES AC DRIVES
Well established technology The power circuit and control
requires frequent maintenance circuit are complex
The commutator makes the Less Maintenance
motor bulky, costly and heavy These problems are not there in
Fast response and wide speed these motors and are inexpensive,
range particularly squirrel cage
Speed and design ratings are induction motors
limited due to commutations Good line power factor
Poor power factor Environmentally insensitive
Environmentally sensitive
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Electric Drive Systems Lecture No.1 Dr. Prof.Mohammed Tawfeeq Alzuhairi
Advantages of the drive system
A modern variable speed electrical drive system are static system using
power semiconductor devices such as thyristors (SCRs) and power
transistors such as IGBT, MOSFET and BJT. These systems have replaced
the old pneumatic or hydraulic drives as well as electromechanical and other
forms of control to electronic control. The electronic SCRs drive has the
following advantages:
1. Basic operation is simple and reliable
2. Saving in space and capital cost
3. Higher efficiency
4. Better speed response
5. Low maintenance cost and long life
6. Braking power can be transformed into electrical power and feedback to
the main supply.
Applications of Electrical Drives
Paper mills
Cement Mills
Textile mills
Sugar Mills
Steel Mills
Electric Traction
Petrochemical Industries
Electric Vehicles
Aircraft Drive Systems
See the Appendix
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Electric Drive Systems Lecture No.1 Dr. Prof.Mohammed Tawfeeq Alzuhairi
Appendix : Applications of Industrial Drives
1. Hybrid/Electric Car
Advantages
- Smaller combustion engine/mean power
- Electrical motor=only acceleration & braking
- Reduce fuel consumption/better efficiency
2. Electric drives for propulsion system of ships
- Electrical No mechanical coupling
- Variable speed propellers (no need for adjustable pitch to
adjust thrust)
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Electric Drive Systems Lecture No.1 Dr. Prof.Mohammed Tawfeeq Alzuhairi
- Fixed pitch simpler/cheaper/more robust propellers
- Multiple Diesel/Turbo generator sets/different power
redundancy
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Electric Drive Systems Lecture No.1 Dr. Prof.Mohammed Tawfeeq Alzuhairi
3. Hybrid Electric Bus Components
4. The Tram
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Electric Drive Systems Lecture No.1 Dr. Prof.Mohammed Tawfeeq Alzuhairi
5. heavy rail, metro, subway, tube, or underground
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Electric Drive Systems Lecture No.1 Dr. Prof.Mohammed Tawfeeq Alzuhairi
6. High speed multi unit electric train
7. Electric drives for Hoists and Cranes applications
Hoist Crane
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Electric Drive Systems Lecture No.1 Dr. Prof.Mohammed Tawfeeq Alzuhairi
Hoist
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Electric Drive Systems Lecture No.1 Dr. Prof.Mohammed Tawfeeq Alzuhairi
8. Conveyor Belts
9. Esclators
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