Globalization of Religion

THE
GLOBALIZATION
OF RELIGION
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Explain how globalization affects religious

practices and beliefs
Analyze the relationship between religion and

global conflict and, conversely, global peace
RELIGION
❖ The belief in a god or in a group
of gods
❖ An organized system of beliefs,
ceremonies, and rules used to
worship a god or a group of
gods
Globalization has affected religion in various ways
It paved the way of the rise Turn of religion into

of religious nationalism. public life.
The proliferation of The increase of

international individual religiosity.
terrorism.
The often forceful entrance of
Crafting the law is religious traditions, such as the
sometimes anchored on Catholic liberation theology and
Islamic fundamentalism, from private
the lawmakers’ belief in
sphere into public life (Casanova,
Christianity 1994)
It paved the way of the rise of Turn of religion into
religious nationalism. public life.
RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM – a type of political
violence anchored on the belief that a Supreme
being grants violence in the act of Glorifying
one’s faith
Has become a central issue faced by the global

community (Martin, 2017)
The proliferation of international terrorism.

Extremists believe that it is their duty to fulfill
God’s Will through violence.
The proliferation of international terrorism.

The increase of individual
religiosity
Brought about by the individual’s

need to rely on his or her beliefs
and relationship with the
supreme being.
Global migration also influences religions
Because of migration, globalization has forced the
appearance of “religious traditions in places monitory”
(Roudometof, 2014)
Deterritorialization is a cultural feature that blurs the lines

between characteristic of migration amidst globalization.
Global migration also resulted in what Campbell (2007)
called the Easternization of the West. The which is the
starting point for the spread of world religions, is now the
recipient of a new system of beliefs from the East.
Religion is influenced by global trends and impulse and is
forced to respond to newfound situations (Roudometof,
2014)
Example: The use of social media as tool for
evangelization
Based on a survey of the history of Christianity, Roudometof (2013,
Forthcoming) argues that it is possible to detect four concrete forms of
glocalization:
Vernacularization Indigenization nationalization transnationalization

VERNACULARIZATION – refers to blending of
universal religions with local languages
INDIGENIZATION – transform a universal

religion to suit the specifics of a particular
ethnic group
NATIONALIZATION – constructs a link between
the nation and church
TRANSANATIONALIZATION – has
complemented religious nationalism by
focusing groups on identifying specific religious
traditions of real or imagined national
homeland
00
The globalization of religion brought two
opposing result. Starting from the late 20th
century, religion has been a source of globe
conflict and peace.
00
Juergensmeyer (2014) claims that the
conflicts are about indentitiy and economics
and privilege and power.
Five (5) stages of global religious rebellion against
the secular state
Revolt against secularism – wherein localized uprising go up
against the state’s less moral authority to govern;
Internationalization of religious rebellion – where in the warfare
comes between the religious and secular politics
Five world
religions
CHRISTIANITY HINDUISM ISLAM
Five major
BUDDHISM JUDAISM
world
religions
Hinduism
The religion of Hinduism
developed and evolved
over a long time in India,
giving rise to a variety of
beliefs and practices
and to other religions,
including Buddhism.
Hinduism
1. Brahman – the eternal being –
created and preserves the world.
2. Atman – the soul – each person
has one that is an aspect of
Brahman.
3. Devas – manifestation of Brahman
that are active in the world and who
help to maintain order.
4. Reincarnation – being reborn into
this world lifetime after lifetime
(Samsara)
Hinduism
5. Karma – the sum effect of a person’s
actions, good and bad, which helps
shape future experiences
6. Moksha – goal of human existence,

escape from the cycle of reincarnation
to join with the Brahman
7. Dharma – set of spiritual duties and

obligations that must be fulfilled to
achieve moksha
Hinduism
➢ Worship can take place anywhere –
usually a temple or in the home
➢ Spiritual leaders are called gurus or

sages
➢ ULTIMATE GOAL OF LIFE – to release

Atman and reunite with the divine,
becoming as one with Brahman
(Moksha)
3 most important devas
Brahma shiva Vishnu
The creator The Destroyer The Preserver
Buddhism
➢ Which teaches people that
they can escape the
suffering of the world
through Buddhist
teachings
➢ 4th largest religion in the
world
Siddhartha gautama
(563-483 bce)
● Founder of Buddhism
● Prince of a small kingdom
● He transformed into the Buddha
– the Enlightened One
The teachings of buddhism
What is the fundamental cause of suffering?

Four noble truths
1. Dukkha sacca - There is suffering in the world. To live is

to suffer.
2. Dukkha-samudaya sacca - the cause of suffering is
people’s desires for pleasure and material goods.
3. Dukkha-nirodha sacca – The solution is to eliminate
desire and attachments
4. dukkha-nirodha-gamini-paṭipadā sacca – to reach
nirvana, one must follow the Eightfold Path
Eightfold Path
nirvana
➢ Is a state of perfect peace in which the soul
would be free from suffering forever. It would
escape from the cycle of birth.
➢ If the nirvana is not achieved, then the soul
would be reborn to live through the cycle of
suffering again.
➢ Spiritual leaders are called monks or lamas.
Judaism,
Christianity,
& Islam
Brief history
JUDAISM - The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in
Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C.
oldest of the monotheistic faiths
CHRISTIANITY - Founded by Jesus Christ, who was crucified

around A.D. 33 in Palestine in the city of Jerusalem. It was after
his death when his followers came to believe in him as the Christ,
the Messiah.
ISLAM - Founded in Arabia by Muhammad in A.D. 622

Judaism
1. Over 3000 years old and is the oldest of the

world’s monotheistic religions.
2. Holy city is Jerusalem
Judaism
➢ Jews believe that there is a single God
(Yahweh)
➢ They await the Messiah, who will be an
earthly king
➢ Ten commandments is the basic code of
law
Judaism
➢ The most holy Jewish book is the Torah.

Others include Judaism’s oral tradition, the
written form of which is known as the
Talmud
Judaism
➢ Jews worship in
Synagogues or
temples.
➢ Worship is led by a
rabbi.
Christianity
➢ World’s largest religion.

➢ It is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ
who lived in the Holy Land 2,000 years ago.
Christianity
➢ Christians believe that Jesus Christ was the

Son of God
➢ They believe that Jesus is the Messiah
promised in the Old Testament
➢ Christians believe that God made the world.
Christianity
➢ They believe that they are saved by faith

and good works.
➢ They believe in heaven and hell.
➢ They believe that the Bible is the inspired
word of God.
Christianity
➢ The Christian place of
worship is called a
church.
➢ Services are led by a
priest, pastor or
reverend.
Islam
➢ Second most popular religion in the world.

➢ Those who follow Islam are called Muslims,
➢ Muslims believe that there is only one God,
called Allah, who speaks Arabic.
Islam
➢ The Muslim Scripture is the Holy Qur’an. It

is ‘the word of God’
Islam
➢ The Muslim building for
communal worship is
called a Mosque.
Comes from the Arabic
“place of prostration”
➢ Religious leaders are
called imams.
5 pillars belief system
➢ Shahadah: declaration of faith

➢ Salah: Pray 5 times a day facing Mecca
➢ Zakat: Give a fixed proportion to charity
➢ Saum: Fast during the month of Ramadan
➢ Hajj: Make a pilgrimage to Mecca

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THE

Explain how globalization affects religious

Analyze the relationship between religion and

It paved the way of the rise Turn of religion into

The proliferation of The increase of

Has become a central issue faced by the global

The proliferation of international terrorism.

The proliferation of international terrorism.

Brought about by the individual’s

Deterritorialization is a cultural feature that blurs the lines

Vernacularization Indigenization nationalization transnationalization

INDIGENIZATION – transform a universal

6. Moksha – goal of human existence,

7. Dharma – set of spiritual duties and

➢ Spiritual leaders are called gurus or

➢ ULTIMATE GOAL OF LIFE – to release

What is the fundamental cause of suffering?

1. Dukkha sacca - There is suffering in the world. To live is

CHRISTIANITY - Founded by Jesus Christ, who was crucified

ISLAM - Founded in Arabia by Muhammad in A.D. 622

1. Over 3000 years old and is the oldest of the

➢ The most holy Jewish book is the Torah.

➢ World’s largest religion.

➢ Christians believe that Jesus Christ was the

➢ They believe that they are saved by faith

➢ Second most popular religion in the world.

➢ The Muslim Scripture is the Holy Qur’an. It

➢ Shahadah: declaration of faith

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