WRITING SIMPLE SCRIPTS
What is Shell Script ?
• Shells are interactive
• Sequence of 'n' number of commands
• Store this sequence of command to text
file – Shell script
Why to Write Shell Script ?
• Shell script can take input from user, file
and output them on screen.
• Useful to create our own commands.
• Save lots of time.
• To automate some task of day today life.
• System Administration part can be also
automated.
Writing Simple Scripts
• Starting a shell script
#!/bin/bash
# This is a simple script that can be used to display
# my documents in a folder, while pausing the output.
ls -al *.doc | more
ls -al *.$1 | more
• Writing a basic script
– chmod u+x script_name
– Path_to_scripts
– bash script_name
– . Script_name
Writing Simple Scripts
• Commands
+ grep
+ find
+ cut
+ sed
+ echo
+ mail
• Using variable
$0, $1, …. $9
Variable=value
Variable=`command`
ip=`route -n | grep UG | tr -s “ “ | cut -f 2 -d “ “`
Writing Simple Scripts
• Reading user input
Read var1 var2 var3
debian:~# read first last
lee johnson
debian:~# echo $first
lee
debian:~# echo $last
johnson
Writing Simple Scripts
• Testing conditions
test -flag string = string
test -flag string != string
[ -flag file/variable/value ]
• Flow control – The case statement
– The if/else statement case string in
if condition pattern1 )
then statements ;;
statement(s) pattern2 )
[elif condition statements ;;
then pattern3 )
statement(s)] statements ;;
[else ...
statement(s)] esac
fi
– The while and until statements
– The for loop while condition
for item [in list] do
do statement(s)
statements done
Done
Writing Simple Scripts
Writing Simple Scripts
Writing Simple Scripts
• Condition
– Example:
• if [ -f regularfile ]; then
• If test –f regularfile; then
– Always keep spaces between the brackets
and the actual check/comparison
– Always terminate the line before putting a new
keyword like "then“
– You can invert a condition by putting an "!" in
front of it
• if [ ! -f regularfile ]; then
Writing Simple Scripts
• Different condition syntaxes
– 1. Single-bracket syntax
• File-based conditions
– if [ -L symboliclink ]; then
• String-based conditions
– if [ -z "$emptystring" ]; then
– if [ "$stringvar1" == "cheese" ]; then
• Arithmetic (number-based) conditions
– if [ $num -lt 1 ]; then
– 2. Double-bracket syntax
• if [[ "$stringvar" == *[sS]tring* ]]; then
• if [[ $stringvarwithspaces != foo ]]; then
• if [[ $num -eq 3 && "$stringvar" == foo ]]; then
Writing Simple Scripts
• Different condition syntaxes
– 3. Double-parenthesis syntax
• There also is another syntax for arithmetic
(number-based) conditions, most likely adopted
from the Korn shell:
– if (( $num <= 5 )); then
• It supports the "&&" and "||" combining expressions
• It not support the -a and -o ones
Writing Simple Scripts
• Example1: Nhập vào một số và kiểm tra số âm hay dương
#!/bin/bash
#This is a simple script that can be used to demontration
if [ $1 -ge 0 ]; then
echo "$1 la so duong"
else
echo "$1 la so am"
Fi
• Example2: Kiểm tra dung lượng sử dụng của người dùng trong thư
mục home của họ và đưa ra cảnh báo nếu vượt ngưỡng cho phép
#!/bin/bash
quota=10
for i in $( ls /home ); do
check=`du -sm /home/$i | cut -f 1`
If [ $check –gt $quota ]; then
echo "user $i nhieu du lieu qua"
fi
done
Writing Simple Scripts
• Example3: Viết ra màn hình các ký tự như sau: (số nhập từ bàn phím)
• 1
• 22 #!/bin/bash
echo -n "Enter Number between (5 to 9) : "
• 333 read number
• 4444 for (( i=1; i<=number; i++ ))
• 55555 do
for (( s=number; s>=i; s-- ))
• 666666 do
echo -n " "
done
for (( j=1; j<=i; j++ ))
do
echo -n " $i"
done
echo ""
done
