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Slab Bridge - Design Example

Assumptions  Main reinforcements are placed parallel to the center line of road way  The bottom of
the slab is assumed level  Center to center support is assumed perpendicular to the supports 
Additional amount of concrete thickness for cross fall is not considered for flexural design Preliminary
dimensions:  Clear span = 7 m  Width of abutment shelf = 0 m  Clear width of super structure = 4 m 
Total width of super structure = 5 m  No. of lane = 1  Total length of super structure = 7 + 0. + 0 = 8 m

 Skewness angle = 0 ̊ 00' 00"  Railing depth = 0 m  Railing width = 0 m  Post cross section = 0
m * 0 m  Post height = 0 m  Average post spacing = 1 m

Materials:  Concrete: f'c = 30 MPa  Unit weight of concrete = 24 kN/m 3  Steel: For bar size > 20
mm diameter,Grade:60: fyk = 420 MPa  For bar size <= 20 mm diameter, Grade:40: fyk = 300 MPa 
Es = 2 * 10 5 MPa; Ec = 24000 MPa;

 Modulus of rupture = fr  .0 63 f ' c =

3 MPa ................

0 m Effective Span = 7 m

7m

1m

0m

4m
5m

Longitudinal Elevation

Cross sectional view Details of Curb, Post and Railing

0m

0m

0m

0m

0m

Curb

Post

Railing

Preliminary thickness of slab: Depth of slab = 6% of the span length = (6/100)* 7700 = 462 mm (Normally
the slab is made with a uniform depth over the whole bridge. The required design depth is usually 5 - 6
% of the span length, due to the width of the cracks. If stressed reinforced concrete is used, the design
depth shall be reduced to 4 % of the span length.) ..........

 Consider overall depth of slab = 470 mm Live loads: Equivalent width of longitudinal strips per lane for
both shear and moment with one lane E 1 = 250 + 0 √L 1 W 1 L 1 = 7700 mm W 1 = 5000 mm E 1 = 250 +
0 √7700 * 5000 = 2856 mm = 2 m ( Equivalent strip widths for slab bridge : The equivalent width of
longitudinal strips per lane for both shear and moment with one lane, i., two lines of wheels, loaded
shall be determined as: .................... specification

Impact factor (Dynamic load allowance): (1 + IM/100) = (1 + 33/100) = 1. (The factor to be applied to the
static load shall be taken as: (1 + IM/100). The dynamic load allowance shall not be applied to pedestrian
loads or to the design lane load.)

Design truck load:

Front axle load = 35 kN; Load dispersed per m in transverse direction = 35 .2 86 = 12 kN/m

Other axle loads = 145 kN Load dispersed per m in transverse direction = 145 .2 86 = 50 kN/m

Component IM Deck Joints – All Limit States 75% All Other Components  Fatigue and Fracture Limit
State  All Other Limit States

15%

33%

E  250  .0 42 L 1 W 1

Bending moment calculation: Absolute maximum bending moment due to moving loads is found by
placing one of the axle loads and the resultant of the system at equidistant from the center. For design
truck load:

TIRE CONTACT AREA

The tire contact area of a wheel consisting of one or two tires shall be assumed to be a single rectangle,
whose width is 50 mm The design truck or tandem shall be positioned transversely such that the center
of any wheel load is not closer than:  For the design of the deck overhang - 300 mm from the face of
the curb or railing, and  For the design of all other components - 600 mm from the edge of the design
lane

For this moving load of design truck, absolute maximum bending moment occurs at section D, for the
load position shown.

ILD for bending moment at D BM at D = 50 (1 + 0) = 101 kN m For Design Tandem Load: Load position for
absolute maximum BM to occur at D, a section 0 m from mid span section is shown below. Maximum
BM at D = 38 * (1 + 1) = 125 kN m Hence the BM is governed by design tandem load

4m

50 kN 50 kN

7m

1m

2m

3mR2m

ACDB

0m
(4 * 2)/7.

= 1.

0.

ILD for BM at D For Design Lane Load: Lane load BM is determined at the section of maximum BM,
section D, of design tandem loading Lane load BM at D = 3*(7 * 1)/2 = 22 kN m Total maximum BM Total
maximum BM with IM = (125*1) + 22 = 190 kN m Dead Loads Assume depth of wearing surface = 0 m
Weight of wearing surface = 0 * 22 = 1 kN/m 2 Weight of deck slab = 0 * 24 = 11 kN/m 2 Weight of
railing, post and curb =[ { (0 * 0 * 24) + 0 * (0 * 0 * 0 * 24) + (0 * 0 * 24)} * 2] ÷ 5 = 2 kN/m 2 Total weight
of components DC = 11 + 2 = 13 kN/m 2 Maximum shear due to DC = VDC = 13 [½ * 7 * 1] = 53 kN/m
width Maximum Shear due to DW = VDW = 1 [½ * 7 * 1] = 6 kN/m width

1m

38 kN 38 kN

7m

0m3m

ACDB

3m4m

1 (4 * 3)/7 = 1.

2m
7

Distribution of main reinforcement to resist against cracking: Concrete is considered cracked if tensile
stress in concrete >= 80% of the modulus of rupture fr = Modulus of rupture = 3 MPa (as determined
in the earlier steps) Service load moment Mu = 1[1(102 ) + 1(12 ) + 1(190)] = 320 kNm

fct = tensile stress in concrete = M/Z = = 8 MPa

0 = 0 * 3 = 2; fct > 0 Therefore the section has to be taken as a cracked section Steel stress: To find
the steel stress, for cracked section, consider the equivalent transformed section of concrete. Modular
ratio = m = Es/Ec = 2 * 10 5 /24000 = 8; mAs = 8 * 3231 = 26914 mm 2 x can be determined by taking
moments of areas above and below NA 1000 * x * x/2 = 26914 (433 – x) It can be reduced to a quadratic
equation, x 2 + 53 – 23307 = 0 X = 128 mm Moment of inertia I = 1/3(1000 * 128 3 ) + 26914 (433 – 128)
2 = 3 * 10 9 mm 4

fs/m = My/I = = 30; fs = 8 * 30 = 254 MPa

fsa = Where Z = 30,000 for moderate exposure; dc = 25 + 24/2 = 37 mm

A = 2dcS/1 = 2 * 37 * 140/1 = 10360 mm 2

fsa = = 412 MPa But fsa =  0 fy ; 0(420) = 252 MPa

fs > fsa Hence the provision of spacing of main reinforcement is not safe against cracking. The spacing
of reinforcement shall be adjusted to satisfy the above criterion

Distributor reinforcement For primary reinforcement parallel to traffic, % of main reinforcement as

distributor reinforcement =
Where S = Span length = 7 = 7700 mm

20% of main reinforcement = (20/100)*3231 = 646 mm 2

Spacing of 16 mm dia rods = = 311 mm

Provide 16 mm diameter rods at 300 mm c/c as distribution reinforcement Temperature and shrinkage
reinforcement Temperature and shrinkage reinforcement As  0 Ag/fy As = 0 * 1000*470/420 = 839 mm
2 for both direction For top layer alone: As = 839/2 = 419 mm

Spacing of 12 mm dia rods = = 269 mm

Provide 12mm dia rods at 260 mm C/C in both directions at the top as temperature and shrinkage
reinforcements.

1750 / s  50 %

1750 / 7700  20 %