• FIRST AID - Is an immediate, temporary and continuing care given to a person
who has been injured or suddenly taken ill.
• Objectives of First Aid
To alleviate suffering.
To prevent added/further injury or danger.
To prolong life.
Characteristics of a Good First Aider
• Gentle - should not cause pain.
• Observant - should notice all signs.
• Resourceful - should make the best use of things at hand.
• Empathetic - should be comforting.
First aid for sprains or strains
Suggestions for immediate treatment of acute sprains or strains include:
RICE METHOD
Rest the injured area.
Put ice packs on the area for 20 minutes every 2 waking hours, separated
from the skin by wet toweling.
Compress or bandage the injured site firmly, extending the wrapping from
below to above.
Elevate (raise) the injured area above heart height whenever practical.
Pandanggo sa Ilaw Originated in Lubang Island, This dance requires excellent balance and incorporate clapping and live
Mindoro steps danced in a ¾ beats.
Tinikling Island of Leyte(Visayan It set up bamboo traps to protect their fields,yet tikling birds dodged their
Island) traps. Locals
traditional folk dance was born.
Philippine FolkDances Philippine FolkDances Philippine FolkDances
from from from
Luzon Visayas Mindanao
th
What is Ballroom Dance?
Ballroom dance refers to a set of partner dances, which are
enjoyed both socially and competitively around the world.
Because of its performance and entertainment aspects,
ballroom dance is also widely enjoyed on stage, film, and
television. Ballroom dance may refer, at its widest, to almost
any type of social dancing as recreation.
Two Styles of Ballroom Dancing:
1. Smooth or Standard
2. Rhythm or Latin.
A Brief History of Ballroom Dancing
“Ballroom dancing” as a term hails from the Latin word
“ballare” which, coincidentally, means “to dance.” Thus, a
ballroom is a room in which to dance. Makes sense, right?
Centuries ago, ballroom dancing was primarily for the
privileged and well-to-do, while the commoners had to make
do with folk dancing; however, these boundaries have since
disappeared, leaving ballroom dancing a fun hobby for
everyone.
Today, ballroom dancing applies to numerous dances in
which a “leader” anda “follower” dance together in close
proximity, usually with some degree of physicalcontact. This
closeness is to permit the leader to get the follower to, well,
follow along.
Types of Ballroom Dancing
People all over the world enjoy the social and competitive
nature of ballroom dancing. These dances are partner dances
enjoyed socially and competitively worldwide. The following
types ballroom dances are seen on dance floors, on stages,in
films, and on television. How many of these ballroom dances
are you familiar with?
Quick intro
Cha cha is widely recognizable by its catchy rhythm –
one, two, cha, cha, cha. It's easy to learn
and fun to dance.
Like so many Latin dances, it originates from Cuba. It was
developed by the Cuban composer and violinist Enrique Jorrin
in the middle of 1950s. Originally it was known as a slowed-
down mambo or "the triple mambo", because of the three quick
steps. It gained instant popularity due to its simplicity. In time
it evolved into a separate dance and although it was originally
known as the cha-cha-cha, the name was shortened to the
cha-cha.
Cha cha can be danced to almost any music with a good
beat, from traditionalLatin rhythms to club music, from
country to pop. It's popularity can be heard in the music of
Ricky Martin, Jennifer Lopez, Marc Anthony, Tom Jones,
Carlos Santana, and many others. Cha cha is very much a
dance of today.
Basic steps
Cha cha music is composed in 4/4 time (four beats to a bar
of music). For each bar of music there are 2 slow and 3 quick
steps, which may be counted as – one, two,cha, cha, cha or
step, step, step, quick step, quick step. The footwork is simple
and mostly focuses on just shifting weight from one foot to
another.
Remember, five steps are taken to four beats of music. Also
don't forget that the movements tend to be somewhat
flirtatious. This is definitely a party dance!
Foxtrot is a smooth, elegant, easy to learn dance, very popular
at wide variety of social events, including wedding receptions.
It's one of the most beautiful ballroom dances characterized by
long, flowing movements.
Quick intro
Foxtrot is named after its originator, Harry Fox, who was a
Vaudeville performer in New York in the 1910s. Because he
was having a hard time finding female dancers capable of
performing the difficult two-step, he added trotting steps to
ragtime music. People soon referred to
his dance as Fox's Trot.
Foxtrot includes basic elements found in most other dances,
so when you learn it youacquire a good foundation to learn
other popular dance forms. It is highly versatile and can be
danced to a variety of musical styles and tempos. From slow
and romanticto quick and jazzy. Popular vocalists for foxtrot
include Frank Sinatra, Bobby Darin,
Billie Holiday, Nat King Cole, Ella Fitzgerald, Louis
Armstrong, Dinah Shore, andmany, many more.
Basic steps
The basic elements of foxtrot are walking steps and side steps.
The long walking movements also involve a rise & fall action,
which is similar to waltz, although more subtle. The basic
box step is also similar to waltz steps – the main difference
being timing (foxtrot is 4/4, waltz is 3/4). If you already know
how to waltz, then learning foxtrot will be just a matter of
rhythm.
The basic rhythm is slow, slow, quick, quick. The slow steps
use 2 beats of musicand the quick steps use one. The slow
steps are long and elegant, and the quick steps are short and
energetic. As already mentioned, the music is played in 4/4
timing.
Foxtrot is danced in a normal closed position, which means
facing your partner andholding them close.
Salsa is a sensual Latin dance, similar to mambo. Both have a
pattern of six stepsover eight counts of music and they both
share many of the same moves.
The great thing about salsa is that just about anyone can learn it.
That's why it gained vast popularity in the last few decades and is
now danced in nightclubs allover the world. There is a well-known
saying that is often repeated by dance teachers - if you can walk,
you can salsa.
Salsa is the result of combining many Latin and Afro-Caribbean
dances, a fusion ofCuban, Puerto Rican and African rhythms. The
basic rhythm is quick, quick, slow; quick, quick, slow, using the
1,2,3 and 5,6,7 beats (beats 4 and 8 are skipped). Themusic is
typically around 180 beats per minute, although it can be slower
or faster than that.
Basic steps
Salsa is one of the most popular Latin American dances, the main
reason being - it's easy to learn. At first glance it might seem
difficult, but the truth is quite the opposite
- basic salsa steps can be learned with less than 10
minutes of practice.
Only three steps are made for every four beats with one step
to each beat and one beat being skipped. The skipped beat is
called a tag, a tap, a kick, a flick, or the like. The steps can be from
side to side or forward-backward and in circles. When dancing you
must keep a straight upper body posture and move your hips as
much as possible.
Salsa is danced with partners facing each other. It can be danced
in closed or open position. Note that salsa steps are very small.
The faster the music, which is usually quite fast, the smaller the
steps.
Tango, also referred to as the "Dance of Love", is a passionate
and dramatic dance. It's a dialogue between partners, an
expressive form of communication through movements.
Quick intro
Tango originated in the 19th century outskirts of
Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Since then it has grown into one of the most popular dances in the
world.
It's somewhat different from other dances, especially
traditional ballroom, but next in popularity behind waltz and
foxtrot. Dissimilar to those two, it has no rise & fall, no
swaying. It's known for quick, sharp movements and a catlike
walking action.
Today, there are many styles of tango. You can dance the tango
argentino, the ballroom tango, the finish tango, the uruguayan
tango, tango nuevo, vintage tango, and the Chinese tango,
among other styles. Although many different interpretations
have appeared, the two main styles are the ballroom style and
the
Argentine style. The main difference between the two is that
the second one hasmore sharp, staccato movements and the
characteristic head snaps which are totally foreign for the
dances coming from Argentine.
Tango is danced all around the world by people of all sizes
and ages. Because themain requirement is walking, it is a
dance for everyone. When it comes to Tango, the
Zimbabwean proverb - If you can walk, you can dance – is
absolutely on the spot.
Basic steps
Tango is a walking dance, meaning that all the steps are
based on walking.
When you start learning it, you must first master some basic
movements. Don't worry, basic steps are not that difficult to
learn. Beginners usually start with 8-CountBasic or
simply Tango Basic.
Tango Basic is made of five steps taken to 8 counts of music.
The rhythm is slow, slow, quick, quick, slow. The slow steps
consume two beats of music and the quick steps one. Tango
music is usually written in 4/4 time (but also in 2/4 time) and
played at a tempo of 30-33 measures per minute.
Rumba, or sometimes 'rhumba', is a slow and flirtatious
dance. Some say it is the spirit and soul of Latin American
dance. It's certainly a dance of romance and alwaysa good
choice for weddings.
Quick intro
Rumba is generally regarded as the "dance of romance", but
also known as the "Latinwaltz" or the "waltz with a wiggle".
Due to its slow rhythm and sensual movements,some call
it the most intimate and passionate dance
there is.
Learning rumba is not difficult. The ease of learning is actually
one of the main reasons why it's more popular today than most
other Latin dances (except perhaps salsa). Once you learn
the simple steps, the music does the rest.
Rumba can be danced to a variety of music, from
contemporary to traditional. Hereare a few popular songs to
give you an idea:
And I Love Her - The Beetles
It's Now or Never - Elvis Presley
I'm Not Giving You Up - Gloria Estefan
Besame Mucho - Xavier Cugat
Falling Into You - Celine Dion
Neon Moon - Brooks and Dunn
Under the Boardwalk - The Drifters
Kokomo - Beach Boys
Girl from Ipanema - Frank Sinatra
Basic steps
Rumba is usually danced to music written in 4/4 time, with
four beats to each measure. The basic step is a very simple
box step. It consists of three basic steps -two quick side
steps and a slow forward or backward step.
The rhythm of the steps is slow, quick, quick. A slow step is
danced over twocounts of music, while a quick step is
danced over one count.
Rumba is a spot dance which means the couple does not
travel around the dance floor like in many other dances, but
rather stays in one location. It is done to musicwith slow
tempo and emphasizes on hip movements (what we call
Cuban motion).
Samba is a lively dance of Brazilian origin. It's a popular party
dance, characterizedby simple forward and backward steps and
rhythmic hip movements.
Quick intro
Samba is the national dance of Brazil, some say the spirit
and soul of the country.In Brazil, it is a solo dance,
performed at street festivals and carnivals. Ballroom samba,
on the other hand, is a partner dance that has little in
common with the original form.
Although in Brazil samba remains a solo form, in other
countries it evolved into a partner dance and was
standardized as a ballroom dance in 1956. Today it's one of
the most common Latin American dances.
Many versions of samba exist - Carnivale, Mesemba,
Carioca, Batucado, Conga, just to name a few. Here we'll
focus on the ballroom version, quite popular in NorthAmerica
and Europe, with both the younger and older generations.
Basic steps
Ballroom samba is usually danced to music written in 2/4
time, meaning there are two beats in each measure. The
basic box step consists of three steps. This means that
three steps are performed in two beats of music.
The basic rhythm is 1 & 2, 3 & 4, 5 & 6, 7 & 8, commonly
described as "one, uh two", "three, uh four", and so on.
Usually you count 8 beats before resuming the count.
The most characteristic element of samba is probably the so
-called samba bounce,which is achieved through rhythmic
bending and straightening of the knees. See the video below
for detailed explanation.
Jive is an exciting partner dance, fun, easy to learn, and playful in
nature. Because it's fast and energy-consuming, it's also an excellent
form of exercise. Plus, it looks great on a dance floor.
Quick intro
Jive is a faster version of swing and shares many things with
it, from footwork to underarm turns, swivels, etc. It evolved
from early swing dances like Boogie-Woogieand Jitterbug.
During WWII American soldiers introduced it to Europe,
especially UK, where it became very popular with the youth. In
1968 it was added as the fifth Latin dance in International
competitions.
It's a very boppy dance where dancers use more bouncy
movements, lifting the knees and bending or rocking the hips.
A lot of kicks are used. It's one the mostenergetic of all the
dances.
Jive is generally danced to a music in 4/4 time in a wide
variety of tempos fromslow to very fast. The great thing
about it is that it can be danced to all sorts of music - old,
new, Swing, Rocknroll, Country, electronic, pop...
It's a dance for everyone, easy to learn, relaxed, lots of fun,
and extremely social. It is the fastest of the Latin dances and
will give you a great cardio workout. What a fantastic way to
get and stay in shape. Now grab your dancing shoes and get
jiving!
Swing is a lively, non-progressive partner dance that can be danced
to a wide varietyof music, from blues to rock & roll. Non-progressive
means it's mostly performed in one spot, so it's very convenient on a
crowded dance floor.
Quick intro
Swing is one of the most versatile partner dances you can
learn - very social and beginner friendly. Easily adaptable to a
wide range of tempos, it involves movements with lots of
swinging, spinning and rhythmic, creative footwork.
There are many different styles of swing, the term actually
refers to a group of dances that developed from the swing style
of jazz music in the first half of the last century. There's Lindy
Hop, Boogie-Woogie, Jitterbug, Shag, Charleston, West Coast
and East Coast Swing, just to name a few. Each of these
dances has its own distinct
flavor.
One of the most popular and very suitable for beginners is the
East Coast Swing. It's a bit more social and relaxed than other
versions. It's also a formal ballroom dance and the easiest to
learn. Perfect for beginners, which is why we'll focuson this
version here. It will create a good foundation and is the base for
other more complex
versions.
East Coast Swing can be danced to a variety of music styles.
If it's written in 4/4 time and has a tempo between 135-170
beats per minute, you can swing it.
To dance swing you'll need a partner, a sense of humor, and a
bit of endurance.It may seem a bit intimidating at first,
especially if you're watching those who really mastered it.
But as with all things, you have to start with the basics. And
the basics are easy. Once you learn the fundamentals, you'll
be swinging in no time. Always remember, wear comfortable
shoes. Now let's go swinging.
Waltz is an elegant, nearly universal dance, perfect for weddings, or
almost anysocial occasion. It's not as hard to learn as most people
think.
Quick intro
Waltz dates back to the late 17th century Europe, but has never
really been out of fashion and clearly stood the test of time. It
should probably be one of the first ballroom dances
you learn.
It is a smooth and graceful dance with long, flowing
movements, characterized by rise & fall motion. It has a
unique 3/4 timing and a simple rhythmic pattern which blends
with the music. You can start waltzing very quickly by just
learning the simplebox step.
Basic steps
The basic step for waltz is a box step. It's named after a
pattern it creates on thefloor (box or square) and forms the
foundation of the dance.
A box step can be divided into two parts - a forward half box
and a backward half box. Each half box has three steps - a
step forward or backward, a step to the side,and a step to
close the feet together.
The leader starts with the left foot and executes a forward
half box, followed by abackward half box. The follower
performs the opposite – she starts with the rightfoot and
executes a backward half box, followed by a forward half
box.
The basic box step pattern uses three counts - slow,
quick, quick, which isrepeated twice to create the box
step. Timing is 1,2,3,1,2,3 or 1,2,3,4,5,6.
