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Other documents randomly have
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secrets which are treasured in his breast, I come to proclaim myself
his slave, his apostle, his martyr.”
The divinity did not respond, but after a long silence, the same
voice asked:—“What does the partner of thy long wanderings
intend?”
“To obey and to serve,” answered Lorenza.
Simultaneously with her words, profound darkness succeeded the
glare of light, uproar followed on tranquillity, terror on trust, and a
sharp and menacing voice cried loudly:—“Woe to those who cannot
stand the tests!”
Husband and wife were immediately separated to undergo their
respective trials, which they endured with exemplary fortitude, and
which are detailed in the text of the memoirs. When the romantic
mummery was over, the two postulants were led back into the
temple, with the promise of admission to the divine mysteries. There
a man mysteriously draped in a long mantle cried out to them:
—“Know ye that the arcanum of our great art is the government of
mankind, and that the one means to rule them is never to tell them
the truth. Do not foolishly regulate your actions according to the rules
of common sense; rather outrage reason and courageously maintain
every unbelievable absurdity. Remember that reproduction is the
palmary active power in nature, politics, and society alike; that it is a
mania with mortals to be immortal, to know the future without
understanding the present, and to be spiritual while all that
surrounds them is material.”
After this harangue the orator genuflected devoutly before the
divinity of the temple and retired. At the same moment a man of
gigantic stature led the countess to the feet of the immortal Count de
Saint-German, who thus spoke:—
“Elected from my tenderest youth to the things of greatness, I
employed myself in ascertaining the nature of veritable glory. Politics
appeared to me nothing but the science of deception, tactics the art
of assassination, philosophy the ambitious imbecility of complete
irrationality; physics fine fancies about Nature and the continual
mistakes of persons suddenly transplanted into a country which is
utterly unknown to them; theology the science of the misery which
results from human pride; history the melancholy spectacle of
perpetual perfidy and blundering. Thence I concluded that the
statesman was a skilful liar, the hero an illustrious idiot, the
philosopher an eccentric creature, the physician a pitiable and blind
man, the theologian a fanatical pedagogue, and the historian a word-
monger. Then did I hear of the divinity of this temple. I cast my cares
upon him, with my incertitudes and aspirations. When he took
possession of my soul he caused me to perceive all objects in a new
light; I began to read futurity. This universe so limited, so narrow, so
desert, was now enlarged. I abode not only with those who are, but
with those who were. He united me to the loveliest women of
antiquity. I found it eminently delectable to know all without studying
anything, to dispose of the treasures of the earth without the
solicitation of monarchs, to rule the elements rather than men.
Heaven made me liberal; I have sufficient to satisfy my taste; all that
surrounds me is rich, loving, predestinated.”
When the service was finished the costume of ordinary life was
resumed. A superb repast terminated the ceremony. During the
course of the banquet the two guests were informed that the Elixir of
Immortality was merely Tokay coloured green or red according to the
necessities of the case. Several essential precepts were enjoined
upon them, among others that they must detest, avoid, and
calumniate men of understanding, but flatter, foster, and blind fools,
that they must spread abroad with much mystery the intelligence that
the Count de Saint-Germain was five hundred years old, that they
must make gold, but dupes before all.
The truth of this singular episode is not attested by any sober
biographer. If it occurred as narrated, it doubtless served to confirm
Cagliostro in his ambitious projects. The change which had taken
place in the adventurer since his second visit to England is well
described by Figuier. “His language, his mien, his manners, all are
transformed. His conversation turns only on his travels in Egypt, to
Mecca, and in other remote places, on the sciences into which he
was initiated at the foot of the Pyramids, on the arcana of Nature
which his ingenuity has discovered. At the same time, he talks little,
more often enveloping himself in mysterious silence. When
interrogated with reiterated entreaties, he deigns at the most to draw
his symbol—a serpent with an apple in its mouth and pierced by a
dart, meaning that human wisdom should be silent on the mysteries
which it has unravelled.... Lorenza was transfigured at the same time
with her husband. Her ambitions and deportment became worthy of
the new projects of Cagliostro. She aimed, like himself, at the glory
of colossal successes.”
The initiates of the Count de Saint-Germain passed into Courland,
where they established Masonic lodges, according to the sublime rite
of Egyptian Freemasonry. The countess was an excellent preacher
to captivate hearts and enchant imaginations, her beauty fascinated
a large number of Courlandaise nobility. At Mittau, Cagliostro
attracted the attention of persons of high rank, who were led by his
reputation to regard him as an extraordinary person. By means of his
Freemasonry he began to obtain an ascendency over the minds of
the nobles, some of whom, discontented with the reigning duke, are
actually said to have offered him the sovereignty of the country, as to
a divine man and messenger from above. The Italian biography
represents him plotting with this end in view. “He pretends,” say the
documents of the Holy Inquisition, “that he had virtue enough to
resist the temptation, and that he refused the proffered boon from
the respect due to sovereigns. His wife has assured us that his
refusal was produced by the reflection that his impostures would
soon be discovered.” He collected, however, a prodigious number of
presents in gold, silver, and money, and repaired to St Petersburg,
provided with regular passports. But the prophet soon found that a
sufficiently brilliant reputation had not preceded him, and he,
therefore, simply announced himself as a physician and chemist, by
his retired life and air of mystery soon attracting attention.
His assumption of the rôle of physician leads to a brief
consideration of the miraculous cures which have been attributed to
him. They are generally referred to a broad application of the
principles and methods of Mesmer, his contemporary. They were
performed without passes, iron rods, or any of the cumbrous
paraphernalia of his rival in the healing art; he trusted simply to the
laying on of hands. Moreover, he did not despoil his patients, but
rather dispensed his wealth, which now appeared unlimited, among
the poor, who flocked to him in great numbers as his reputation
increased. The source of this wealth is not accurately known, but it is
supposed to have been derived from the Masonic initiates, whose
apostle and propagandist he was.
Many of the miraculous cures which Cagliostro performed in
Germany spread widely, and in Russia he was soon surrounded by
the curious. Lorenza played her own part admirably; she answered
discreetly and naturally, making the most outrageous statements
with apparently complete unconsciousness. The physician-chemist,
besides his healing powers, had his reputation as an alchemist and
adept of the arcane sciences. The supposed restoration in a
miraculous manner of the infant child of an illustrious nobleman to
health exalted him to the pinnacle of celebrity, and his extravagant
pretensions, assisted, as they powerfully were, by the naïve beauty
of his wife, were beginning to be taken seriously, but the combined
result of an amour between Lorenza and Prince Poternki, Prime
Minister and favourite of the Czarina, Catherine, and the discovery
that the nobleman’s child had been apparently changed, caused
them to depart hastily with immense spoils towards the German
frontier.
They tarried at Warsaw for a time, and there the Italian biographer
tells us that Cagliostro made use of all his artifices to deceive a
prince to whom he was introduced, and who was exceedingly
anxious to obtain, with the help of the pretended magician, the
permanent command of a devil. Cagliostro puffed him up for a long
time with the expectation of gratifying this preposterous ambition,
and actually procured presents from him to the amount of several
thousand crowns. The prince at length perceiving that there was no
hope of retaining one of the infernal spirits in his service, wished to
make himself master of the earthly affections of the countess, but in
this too he was disappointed, the lady positively refusing to comply
with his desires. Finding himself thus balked in both his attempts, he
abandoned every sentiment but revenge, and intimidated our
adventurer and his wife so much by his menaces that they were
obliged to restore his presents.
The veracity of this account is not, however, beyond suspicion,
and other of his biographers represent Cagliostro proceeding directly
to Francfurt and thence to Strasbourg, into which, more wealthy and
successful than ever, he made a triumphal entry. The distinguished
visitor, the Rosicrucian, the alchemist, the physician, the sublime
count, had been expected since early morning by the bourgeois of
the old town, and the following extraordinary account in the
Dictionnaire des Sciences Occultes has been given by an
anonymous biographer.
“On the 19th of September 1780, in a public-house just outside
Strasburg, surrounded by a group of humble tipplers, who stared
from the little window at the vast crowd collected below them, there
might have been remarked the countenance of a bald and wrinkled
man, some eighty years of age, and evidently of southern origin; this
was the goldsmith Marano. Successive failures, and debts which he
did not see fit to liquidate, had forced him to leave Palermo, and he
had established himself in his former trade at Strasbourg. Like the
rest of the townsfolk he had come out to behold the phenomenal
personage whose arrival was expected, and who made a greater
sensation than many a powerful monarch. He had come by way of
Germany from Varsovia, where he had amassed immense riches,
said popular rumour, by the transmutation of base metals into gold,
for he was possessed of the secret of the philosophic stone, and had
all the incalculable talents of an alchemist.”
“By my faith,” said a hatter, “I am indeed happy since I am
destined to behold this illustrious mortal, if indeed he be a mortal.”
“’Tis asserted,” added a druggist, “that he is a son of the Princess
of Trebizond, and that he has withal the fine eyes of his mother.”
“Also that he is a lineal descendant of Charles Martel,” said a town
clerk.
“He dates still further back,” put in a rope-maker, “for he took part
in the marriage feast of Cana.”
 “Beyond doubt then, he is the wandering Jew!” exclaimed Marano.
“Still better, some credible persons assert that he was born before
the deluge.”
“What hardihood! Yet suppose he is the devil.”
These notions here reproduced with fidelity, and which were
adorned by the most extravagant commentaries, were actually at
that period in general circulation among the crowd. Some regarded
the mysterious Count Cagliostro as an inspired saint, a performer of
miracles, a phenomenal personage outside the order of Nature. The
cures attributed to him were equally innumerable and unexplainable.
Others regarded him merely as an adroit charlatan. Cagliostro
himself boldly asserted that all his prodigies were performed under
the special favour and help of heaven. He added that the Supreme
Being had deigned to accord him the beatific vision, that it was his
mission to convert unbelievers and reinstate catholicism, but in spite
of this exalted vocation he told fortunes, taught the art of winning at
lotteries, interpreted dreams, and held séances of transcendental
phantasmagoria.
“But,” contended the rope-maker with much animation, “a man
who converses with angels is never the devil.”
“Is he in communication with angels?” cried Marano, struck by the
circumstances. “In that case I must see him at all costs. How old is
he?”
“Bah!” said the druggist, “as if such a being could have an age! He
looks about thirty-six.”
“Oh!” muttered the goldsmith. “What if he were my rascal? My
rascal should now be thirty-seven.”
As the hoary Sicilian ruminated over his lamentable past, he was
roused by a tumult of voices. The supernal being had arrived, and he
passed presently in the road, surrounded by a numerous cortege of
couriers, lacqueys, valets, &c., all in magnificent liveries. By his side,
in the open carriage, sat Lorenza or Seraphina Feliciani, his wife,
who seconded with all her ability the intrigues of her husband, whom
reasonable people regarded as a wandering member and emissary
of the masonic templars, his opulence insured by contributions from
the different lodges of the order.
A great shout rose up when Count Cagliostro passed before the
inn. Marano had recognised his man, and flying out had contrived to
stop the carriage, shouting as he did so—“Joseph Balsamo! It is
Joseph! Coquin, where are my sixty ounces of gold?”
Cagliostro scarcely deigned to glance at the furious goldsmith; but
in the middle of the profound silence which the incident occasioned
among the crowd, a voice, apparently in the clouds, uttered with
great distinctness the following words: “Remove this lunatic, who is
possessed by infernal spirits!”
Some of the spectators fell on their knees, others seized the
unfortunate goldsmith, and the brilliant cortege passed on.
Entering Strasburg in triumph, Cagliostro paused in front of a large
hall, where the equerries who had preceded him had already
collected a considerable concourse of the sick. The famous empiric
entered and cured them all, some simply by touch, others apparently
by words or by a gratuity in money, the rest by his universal
panacea; but the historian who records these things asserts that the
sick persons thus variously treated had been carefully selected, the
physician preferring to treat the more serious cases at the homes of
the patients.
Cagliostro issued from the hall amidst universal acclamations, and
was accompanied by the immense crowd to the doors of the
magificent lodging which had been prepared against his arrival. The
élite of Strasburg society was invited to a sumptuous repast, which
was followed by a séance of transcendental magnetism, when he
produced some extraordinary manifestations by the mediation of
clairvoyant children of either sex, and whom he denominated his
doves or pupils. The unspotted virginity and innocence of these
children were an indispensable condition of success. They were
chosen by himself, and received a mystical consecration at his
hands. Then he pronounced over a crystal vessel, filled with water,
the magical formulæ for the evocation of angelic intelligences as
they are written in the celestial rituals. Supernal spirits became
visible in the depths of the water, and responded to questions
occasionally in an intelligible voice, but more often in characters
which appeared on the surface of the water, and were visible to the
pupils alone, who interpreted them to the public.
Contemporary testimony establishes that these manifestations, as
a whole, were genuine, and there is little doubt of the mesmeric
abilities of Cagliostro, who had probably become acquainted in the
East with the phenomena of virginal lucidity, especially in boys, and
had supplemented the oriental methods by the discoveries of
Puséygur, which were at that time sufficiently notorious.
For three years Cagliostro remained at Strasburg and was fêted
continually. Here he obtained a complete ascendency over the mind
of the famous cardinal-archbishop, the Prince de Rohan. His first
care, on taking up his abode in the town, was to prove his respect for
the clergy by his generosity and zeal. He visited the sick in the
hospitals, deferentially participated in the duties of the regular
doctors, proposed his new remedies with prudence, did not condemn
the old methods, but sought to unite new science with the science
which was based on experience. He obtained the reputation of a
bold experimenter in chemistry, of a sagacious physician, and a
really enlightened innovator. The inhabitants of the crowded quarters
regarded him as a man sent from God, operating miraculous cures,
and dispensing riches from an inexhaustible source with which he
was alone acquainted. Unheard-of cures were cited, and alchemical
operations which surpassed even the supposed possibilities of the
transmutatory art.
Anything which savoured of the marvellous was an attraction for
the cardinal-archbishop, and he longed to see Cagliostro. An
anonymous writer states that he sought an interview with him again
and again unsuccessfully; for the cardinal-prince of trickery divined
even at a distance the character of the prince-cardinal, and
enveloped himself in a reserve which, to the imagination of his dupe,
was like the loadstone to the magnet. Others represent him,
however, courting the favour of the great ecclesiastic’s secretary, and
so obtaining an introduction. At the first interview he showed some
reserve, but permitted certain dazzling ideas to be glimpsed through
the more ordinary tenour of his discourse. After a judicious period he
admitted that he possessed a receipt for the manufacture of gold and
diamonds. A supposed transmutation completed his conquest of the
cardinal, and the Italian historian confesses that he accordingly
lavished immense sums upon the virtuous pair, and to complete his
folly, agreed to erect a small edifice, in which he was to experience a
physical regeneration by means of the supernal and auriferous elixir
of Cagliostro. The sum of twenty thousand francs was actually paid
the adept to accomplish this operation.
Doubtless during his sojourn at Strasburg he propagated with zeal
the mysteries of his Egyptian Freemasonry, and at length, laden with
spoils, he repaired to Bordeaux, where he continued his healing in
public, and then proceeded to Lyons, where for the space of three
months he occupied himself with the foundation of a mother-lodge,
and, according to the Italian biographer, here as elsewhere, in less
creditable pursuits. At length he arrived at Paris, where, says the
same authority, he soon became the object of general conversation,
regard, and esteem. His curative powers were now but little
exercised, for Paris abounded with mesmerists and healers, and the
prodigies of simple magnetism were stale and unprofitable in
consequence. He assumed now the rôle of a practical magician, and
astonished the city by the evocation of phantoms, which he caused
to appear, at the wish of the inquirer, either in a mirror or in a vase of
clear water. These phantoms equally represented dead and living
beings, and as occasionally collusion appears to have been well-
nigh impossible, and as the theory of coincidence is preposterous,
there is reason to suppose that he produced results which must
sometimes have astonished himself. All Paris at any rate was set
wondering at his enchantments and prodigies, and it is seriously
stated that Louis XVI. was so infatuated with le divin Cagliostro, that
he declared anyone who injured him should be considered guilty of
treason. At Versailles, and in the presence of several distinguished
nobles, he is said to have caused the apparition in mirrors, vases,
&c., not merely of the spectra of absent or deceased persons, but
animated and moving beings of a phantasmal description, including
many dead men and women selected by the astonished spectators.
 The mystery which surrounded him abroad was deepened even
when he received visitors at home. He had lived in the Rue Saint
Claude, an isolated house surrounded by gardens and sheltered
from the inconvenient curiosity of neighbours. There he established
his laboratory, which no one might enter. He received in a vast and
sumptuous apartment on the first floor. Lorenza lived a retired life,
only being visible at certain hours before a select company, and in a
diaphanous and glamourous costume. The report of her beauty
spread through the city; she passed for a paragon of perfection, and
duels took place on her account. Cagliostro was now no longer
young, and Lorenza was in the flower of her charms. He is said for
the first time to have experienced the pangs of jealousy on account
of a certain Chevalier d’Oisemont, with whom she had several
assignations. Private vexations did not, however, interfere with
professional thaumaturgy, and the evocation of the illustrious dead
was a common occurrence at certain magical suppers which
became celebrated through all Paris. These were undoubtedly
exaggerated by report, but as they all occurred within the doubtful
precincts of his own house of mystery, they were in all probability
fraudulent, for it must be distinctly remembered that in his normal
character he was an unparalleled trickster, that the genuine
phenomena which he occasionally produced were simply
supplements to charlatanry, and not that his deceptions were aids to
normally genuine phenomena.
On one occasion, according to the Mémoires authentiques pour
servir à l’histoire du Comte de Cagliostro, the distinguished
thaumaturgist announced that at a private supper, given to six
guests, he would evoke the spirits of any dead persons whom they
named to him, and that the phantoms, apparently substantial, should
seat themselves at the banquet. The repast took place with the
knowledge and, it may be supposed, with the connivance of
Lorenza. At midnight the guests were assembled; a round table, laid
for twelve, was spread, with unheard-of luxury, in a dining-room,
where all was in harmony with the approaching Kabbalistic
operation. The six guests, with Cagliostro, took their seats, and thus
the ominous number thirteen were designed to be present at table.
 The supper was served, the servants were dismissed with threats
of immediate death if they dared to open the doors before they were
summoned. Each guest demanded the deceased person whom he
desired to see. Cagliostro took the names, placed them in the pocket
of his gold-embroidered vest, and announced that with no further
preparation than a simple invocation on his part the evoked spirits
would appear in flesh and blood, for, according to the Egyptian
dogma, there were in reality no dead. These guests of the other
world, asked for and expected with trembling anxiety, were the Duc
de Choiseul, Voltaire, d’Alembert, Diderot, the Abbé de Voisenon,
and Montesquieu. Their names were pronounced slowly in a loud
voice, and with all the concentrated determination of the adept’s will;
and after a moment of intolerable doubt, the evoked guests
appeared very unobtrusively, and took their seats with the quiet
courtesy which had characterised them in life.
The first question put to them when the awe of their presence had
somewhat worn off was as to their situation in the world beyond.
“There is no world beyond,” replied d’Alembert. “Death is simply
the cessation of the evils which have tortured us. No pleasure is
experienced, but, on the other hand, there is no suffering. I have not
met with Mademoiselle Lespinasse, but I have not seen Lorignet.
There is marked sincerity, moreover. Some deceased persons who
have recently joined us inform me that I am almost forgotten. I am,
however, consoled. Men are unworthy of the trouble we take about
them. I never loved them, now I despise them.”
“What has become of your learning?” said M. de —— to Diderot.
“I was not learned, as people commonly supposed. My ready wit
adapted all that I read, and in writing I borrowed on every side.
Thence comes the desultory character of my books, which will be
unheard of in half a century. The Encyclopædia, with the merit of
which I am honoured, does not belong to me. The duty of an editor is
simply to set in order the choice of subjects. The man who showed
most talent in the whole of the work was the compiler of its index, yet
no one has dreamed of recognising his merits.”
 “I praised the enterprise,” said Voltaire, “for it seemed well fitted to
further my philosophical opinions. Talking of philosophy, I am none
too certain that I was in the right. I have learned strange things since
my death, and have conversed with half a dozen Popes. Clement
XIV. and Benedict, above all, are men of infinite intelligence and
good sense.”
“What most vexes me,” said the Duc de Choiseul, “is the absence
of sex where we dwell. Whatever may be said of this fleshly
envelope, ’twas by no means so bad an invention.”
“What is truly a pleasure to me,” said the Abbé Voisenon, “is that
amongst us one is perfectly cured of the folly of intelligence. You
cannot conceive how I have been bantered about my ridiculous little
romances. I had almost confessed that I appreciated these puerilities
at their true value, but whether the modesty of an academician is
disbelieved in, or whether such frivolity is out of character with my
age and profession, I expiate almost daily the mistakes of my mortal
existence.”

Amid these marvels, Cagliostro proceeded with the dearest of all

his projects, namely, the spread of his Egypto-masonic rite,[AN] into
which ladies were subsequently admitted, a course of magic being
opened for the purpose by Madame Cagliostro. The postulants
admitted to this course were thirty-six in number, and all males were
excluded. Thus Lorenza figured as the Grand Mistress of Egyptian
Masonry, as her husband was himself the grand and sublime Copt.
The fair neophytes were required to contribute each of them the sum
of one hundred louis to abstain from all carnal connection with
mankind, and to submit to everything which might be imposed on
them. A vast mansion was hired in the Rue Verte, Faubourg Saint
Honoré, at that period a lonely part of the city. The building was
surrounded with gardens and magnificent trees. The séance for
initiation took place shortly before midnight on the 7th of August
1785.
 On entering the first apartment, says Figuier, the ladies were
obliged to disrobe and assume a white garment, with a girdle of
various colours. They were divided into six groups, distinguished by
the tint of their cinctures. A large veil was also provided, and they
were caused to enter a temple lighted from the roof, and furnished
with thirty-six arm-chairs covered with black satin. Lorenza, clothed
in white, was seated on a species of throne, supported by two tall
figures, so habited that their sex could not be determined. The light
was lowered by degrees till surrounding objects could scarcely be
distinguished, when the Grand Mistress commanded the ladies to
uncover their left legs as far as the thigh, and raising the right arm to
rest it on a neighbouring pillar. Two young women then entered
sword in hand, and with silk ropes bound all the ladies together by
the arms and legs. Then after a period of impressive silence,
Lorenza pronounced an oration, which is given at length, but on
doubtful authority, by several biographers, and which preached
fervidly the emancipation of womankind from the shameful bonds
imposed on them by the lords of creation.
These bonds were symbolised by the silken ropes from which the
fair initiates were released at the end of the harangue, when they
were conducted into separate apartments, each opening on the
Garden, where they made the most unheard-of experiences. Some
were pursued by men who unmercifully persecuted them with
barbarous solicitations; others encountered less dreadful admirers,
who sighed in the most languishing postures at their feet. More than
one discovered the counterpart of her own lover, but the oath they
had all taken necessitated the most inexorable inhumanity, and all
faithfully fulfilled what was required of them. The new spirit infused
into regenerated woman triumphed along the whole line of the six
and thirty initiates, who with intact and immaculate symbols re-
entered triumphant and palpitating the twilight of the vaulted temple
to receive the congratulations of the sovereign priestess.
When they had breathed a little after their trials, the vaulted roof
opened suddenly, and, on a vast sphere of gold, there descended a
man, naked as the unfallen Adam, holding a serpent in his hand, and
having a burning star upon his head.
 The Grand Mistress announced that this was the genius of Truth,
the immortal, the divine Cagliostro, issued without procreation from
the bosom of our father Abraham, and the depositary of all that hath
been, is, or shall be known on the universal earth. He was there to
initiate them into the secrets of which they had been fraudulently
deprived. The Grand Copt thereupon commanded them to dispense
with the profanity of clothing, for if they would receive truth they must
be as naked as itself. The sovereign priestess setting the example
unbound her girdle and permitted her drapery to fall to the ground,
and the fair initiates following her example exposed themselves in all
the nudity of their charms to the magnetic glances of the celestial
genius, who then commenced his revelations.
He informed his daughters that the much abused magical art was
the secret of doing good to humanity. It was initiation into the
mysteries of Nature, and the power to make use of her occult forces.
The visions which they had beheld in the Garden where so many
had seen and recognised those who were dearest to their hearts,
proved the reality of hermetic operations. They had shewn
themselves worthy to know the truth; he undertook to instruct them
by gradations therein. It was enough at the outset to inform them that
the sublime end of that Egyptian Freemasonry which he had brought
from the very heart of the Orient was the happiness of mankind. This
happiness was illimitable in its nature, including material enjoyments
as much as spiritual peace, and the pleasures of the understanding.
The Marquis de Luchet, to whom we are indebted for this account,
concludes the nebulous harangue of Cagliostro by the adept bidding
his hearers abjure a deceiving sex, and to let the kiss of friendship
symbolise what was passing in their hearts. The sovereign priestess
instructed them in the nature of this friendly embrace.
Thereupon the Genius of Truth seated himself again upon the
sphere of gold, and was borne away through the roof. At the same
time the floor opened, the light blazed up, and a table splendidly
adorned and luxuriously spread rose up from the ground. The ladies
were joined by their lovers in propria persona; the supper was
followed by dancing and various diversions till three o’clock in the
morning.
 About this time the Count Cagliostro was unwillingly compelled to
concede to the continual solicitations of the poor and to resume his
medical rôle. In a short time he was raised to the height of celebrity
by a miraculous cure of the Prince de Soubise, the brother of the
Cardinal de Rohan, who was suffering from a virulent attack of
scarlet fever. From this moment the portrait of the adept was to be
seen everywhere in Paris.
In the meantime, the cloud in his domestic felicity, to which a brief
reference has been made already, began to spread. A certain
adventuress, by name Madame de la Motte, surprised Lorenza one
day in a tête-à-tête with the Chevalier d’Oisemont. The count at the
time was far away from Paris, and the adventuress promised to keep
the secret on condition that Lorenza should in turn do all in her
power to establish her as an intimate friend in the house, having free
entrance therein, and should persuade Cagliostro to place his
knowledge and skill at her disposal, if ever she required it. The result
of this arrangement was the complicity of Cagliostro in the
extraordinary and scandalous affair of the Diamond Necklace. When
the plot was exposed, Cagliostro was arrested with the other alleged
conspirators, including the principal victim, the Cardinal de Rohan.
He was exonerated, not indeed without honour, from the charge of
which he was undoubtedly guilty, but his wife had fled to Rome at his
arrest, and had rejoined her family. He himself began to tremble at
his own notoriety, and grew anxious to leave France. He postponed
till a more favourable period his grand project concerning the
metropolitan lodge of the Egyptian rite.[AO] A personage, calling
himself Thomas Ximenes, and claiming descent from the cardinal of
that name, sought to reanimate his former masonic enthusiasm; but
the vision of the Bastile seemed to be ever before his eyes, and
neither this person, nor the great dignitaries of the Parisian lodges,
could prevail with him. In spite of his acquittal he nourished
vengeance against the Court of France, and more than once he
confided to his private friends that he should make his voice heard
when he had passed the frontier. He prepared to depart, and one
day his disconsolate adepts learned that he was on the road to
England.
 Once in London he recovered his energy. He was received with
great honour; many of his disciples from Lyons and Paris followed
him. The English masons invited him to the metropolitan lodge, and
gave him the first place, that of grand orient. He was entreated to
convene a masonic lodge of the Egyptian rite, and consented with
some sadness, for the memory of the brilliant Paris lodge which he
had been on the point of founding was incessantly before him. He
could not console himself for the fall of that beautiful and long-
cherished plan, which had cost him so much study, pains, and
preaching.
It was from this discreet distance that Cagliostro addressed his
famous Letter to the People of France, which was translated into a
number of languages, and circulated widely through Europe. It
predicted the French Revolution, the demolishment of the Bastile,
and the rise of a great prince who would abolish the infamous lettres
de cachet, convoke the States-General, and re-establish the true
religion.
The publication was intemperate in its language and revolutionary
in its sentiments, and close upon its heels followed his well-known
quarrel with the Courrier de l’Europe, which resulted in the exposure
of the real life of Cagliostro from beginning to end.
Dreading the rage of his innumerable dupes, and extreme
measures on the part of his creditors, he hastened to quit London,
disembarked in Holland, crossed Germany, took refuge in Basle,
where the patriarchal hospitality of the Swiss cantons to some extent
reassured the unmasked adept. From the moment, however, of this
exposure, the descent of Cagliostro was simply headlong in its
rapidity. Nevertheless, he was followed by some of his initiates, who
pressed him to return to France, assuring him of the powerful
protection of exalted masonic dignitaries. In his hesitation he wrote
to the Baron de Breteuil, the king’s minister of the house, but, as it
chanced, a personal enemy of the Cardinal de Rohan. Considering
Cagliostro as a protégé of the prince, he replied that if he had
sufficient effrontery to set foot within the limits of the kingdom, he
should be arrested and transferred to a prison in Paris, there to await
prosecution as a common swindler, who should answer to the royal
justice for his criminal life.
From this moment Cagliostro saw that he was a perpetual exile
from France, and feeling in no sense assured of his safety even in
Switzerland, he left Basle for Aix, in Savoy. He was ordered to quit
that town in eight and forty hours. At Roveredo, a dependency of
Austria, the same treatment awaited him. He migrated to Trent, and
announced himself as a practitioner of lawful medicine, but the
prince-bishop who was sovereign of the country discerned the
cloven hoof of the sorcerer beneath the doctor’s sober dress, and
showed him in no long space of time his hostility to magical
practices. The wandering hierophant of Egyptian masonry,
somewhat sorely pressed, took post to Rome, and reached the
Eternal City after many vicissitudes. Here, according to Saint-Félix
and Figuier, he was rejoined by his wife; according to the Italian
biographer, Lorenza had accompanied him in his wanderings, and
persuaded him to seek refuge in Rome, being sick unto death of her
miserable course of life. The former statement is, on the whole, the
most probable, as it is difficult to suppose that she left Italy to rejoin
Cagliostro at Passy, and she appears to have returned to him with
marked repugnance. She endeavoured to lead him back to religion,
which had never been eradicated from her heart. He lived for some
time with extraordinary circumspection, and consented at last to see
a Benedictine monk, to whom he made his confession. The Holy
Inquisition, which doubtless had scrutinised all his movements, is
said to have been deceived for a time, and he was favourably
received by several cardinals. He lived for a year in perfect liberty,
occupied with the private study of medicine. During this time he
endeavoured to obtain loans from the initiates of his Egyptian rite
who were scattered over France and Germany, but they did not
arrive, and the sublime Copt, the illuminated proprietor of the stone
philosophical and the medicine yclept metallic, came once more, to
the eternal disgrace of Osiris, Isis, and Anubis, on the very verge of
want.
His extremity prompted him to renew his relations with the
masonic societies within the area of the Papal States. A penalty of
death hung over the initiates of the superior grades, and their lodges
were in consequence surrounded with great mystery, and were
convened in subterranean places. He was persuaded to found a
lodge of Egyptian Freemasonry in Rome itself, from which moment
Lorenza reasonably regarded him as lost. One of his own adepts
betrayed him; he was arrested on the 27th of September 1789, by
order of the Holy Office, and imprisoned in the Castle of St Angelo.
An inventory of his papers was taken, and all his effects were sealed
up. The process against him was drawn up with the nicest
inquisitorial care during the long period of eighteen months. When
the trial came on he was defended by the Count Gætano Bernardini,
advocate of the accused before the sacred and august tribunal, and
to this pleader in ordinary the impartial and benign office, of its free
grace and pleasure, did add generously, as counsel, one Monsignor
Louis Constantini, “whose knowledge and probity,” saith an unbought
and unbuyable witness (inquisitorially inspired), “were generally
recognised.” They did not conceal from him the gravity of his
position, advised him to refrain from basing his defence on a series
of denials, promising to save him from the capital forfeit, and so he
was persuaded to confess everything, was again reconciled to the
church; and being almost odoriferous with genuine sanctity, on the
21st of March 1791 he was carried before the general assembly of
the purgers of souls by fire, before the Pope on the 7th of the
following April, when the advocates pleaded with so much eloquence
that they retired in the agonies of incipient strangulation, Cagliostro
repeated his avowal, and as a natural consequence of the unbought
eloquence and the purchased confession, the penalty of death was
pronounced.
When, however, the shattered energies of the advocates were a
little recruited, a recommendation of mercy was addressed to the
Pope, the sentence was commuted to perpetual imprisonment, and
the condemned man was consigned to the Castle of St Angelo. After
an imprisonment of two years, he died, God knows how, still in the
prime of life, at the age of fifty.
Lorenza, whose admissions had contributed largely towards the
condemnation of her husband, was doomed to perpetual seclusion in
a penitentiary. The papers of Cagliostro were burned by the Holy
Office, and the phantom of that institution keeps to the present day
the secret of the exact date of its victim’s death. It carefully circulated
the report that on one occasion he attempted to strangle a priest
whom he had sent for on the pretence of confessing, hoping to
escape in his clothes; and then it made public the statement that he
had subsequently strangled himself. When the battalions of the
French Revolution entered Rome, the commanding officers,
hammering at the doors of Saint-Angelo, determined to release the
entombed adept, but they were informed that Cagliostro was dead,
“at which intelligence,” says Figuier, “they perceived plainly that the
former Parlement de France was not to be compared with the
Roman Inquisition, and without regretting the demolished Bastile,
they could not but acknowledge that it disgorged its prey more easily
than the Castle of Saint Angelo.”

The personal attractions of Cagliostro appear to have been

exaggerated by some of his biographers. “His splendid stature and
high bearing, increased by a dress of the most bizarre magnificence,
the extensive suite which invariably accompanied him in his
wanderings, turned all eyes upon him, and disposed the minds of the
vulgar towards an almost idolatrous admiration.”
With this opinion of Figuier may be compared the counter-
statement of the Italian biographer:—“He was of a brown
complexion, a bloated countenance, and a severe aspect; he was
destitute of any of those graces so common in the world of gallantry,
without knowledge and without abilities.” But the Italian biographer
was a false witness, for Cagliostro was beyond all question and
controversy a man of consummate ability, tact, and talent. The truth
would appear to lie between these opposite extremes. “The Count
de Cagliostro,” says the English life, published in 1787, “is below the
middle stature, inclined to corpulency; his face is a round oval, his
complexion and eyes dark, the latter uncommonly penetrating. In his
address we are not sensible of that indescribable grace which
engages the affections before we consult the understanding. On the
contrary, there is in his manner a self-importance which at first sight
rather disgusts than allures, and obliges us to withhold our regards,
till, on a more intimate acquaintance, we yield it the tribute to our
reason. Though naturally studious and contemplative, his
conversation is sprightly, abounding with judicious remarks and
pleasant anecdotes, yet with an understanding in the highest degree
perspicuous and enlarged, he is ever rendered the dupe of the
sycophant and the flatterer.”
The persuasive and occasionally overpowering eloquence of
Cagliostro is also dwelt upon by the majority of his biographers, but,
according to the testimony of his wife, as extracted under the terror
of the Inquisition and adduced in the Italian life:—“His discourse,
instead of being eloquent, was composed in a style of the most
wearisome perplexity, and abounded with the most incoherent ideas.
Previous to his ascending the rostrum he was always careful to
prepare himself for his labours by means of some bottles of wine,
and he was so ignorant as to the subject on which he was about to
hold forth, that he generally applied to his wife for the text on which
he was to preach to his disciples. If to these circumstances are
added a Sicilian dialect, mingled with a jargon of French and Italian,
we cannot hesitate a single moment as to the degree of credibility
which we are to give to the assertions that have been made
concerning the wonder-working effects of his eloquence.”
But the Inquisition was in possession of documents which bore
irrefutable testimony to the extraordinary hold which Cagliostro
exercised over the minds of his numerous followers, and it is
preposterous to suppose it could have been possessed by a man
who was ignorant, unpresentable, and ill-spoken. Moreover, the
testimony of Lorenza, given under circumstances of, at any rate, the
strongest moral intimidation is completely worthless on all points
whatsoever, and the biassed views of our inquisitorial apologists are
of no appreciable value.
I have given an almost disproportionate space to the history of
Joseph Balsamo, because it is thoroughly representative of the
charlatanic side of alchemy, which during two centuries of curiosity