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3 views

code

Uploaded by

tejas.jagdish.patil23
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Conversion

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Class representing distance in meters


class Distance {
private:
int meters;

public:
// Default ructor
Distance(int m = 0) : meters(m) {}

// Basic to Class Type conversion (float feet to meters)


Distance(float feet) {
meters = static_cast<int>(feet * 0.3048); // Convert feet to me
ters
}

// Class to Basic Type conversion (convert meters to int)


operator int() {
return meters;
}

// Class to Basic Type conversion (convert meters to float)


operator float() {
return static_cast<float>(meters);
}

void display() {
cout << meters << " meters" << endl;
}

int getMeters() {
return meters;
}
};

// Class representing distance in kilometers


class KiloDistance {
private:
float kilometers;

public:
// Default ructor
KiloDistance(float km = 0.0) : kilometers(km) {}
// One Class to Another Class Type conversion (Distance to KiloDist
ance)
KiloDistance( Distance& dist) {
// Convert meters to kilometers
kilometers = dist.getMeters() / 1000.0f;
}

void display() {
cout << kilometers << " kilometers" << endl;
}

float getKilometers() {
return kilometers;
}
};

int main() {
// Basic to Class Type conversion
// Convert float (feet) to Distance (meters)
Distance d1 = 10.0f; // 10 feet converted to meters
cout << "Basic to Class Type Conversion:" << endl;
d1.display(); // Displays meters

// Class to Basic Type conversion


// Convert Distance to int (meters)
int meters = d1; // Implicit conversion to int
cout << "\nClass to Basic Type Conversion:" << endl;
cout << "Distance in meters (int): " << meters << endl;

// Another Class to Basic Type conversion


// Convert Distance to float
float floatMeters = d1;
cout << "Distance in meters (float): " << floatMeters << endl;

// One Class to Another Class Type conversion


// Convert Distance to KiloDistance
cout << "\nOne Class to Another Class Type Conversion:" << endl;
KiloDistance kd = d1; // Convert meters to kilometers
kd.display(); // Displays kilometers

// Data Conversion Example


Distance d2(5000); // 5000 meters
KiloDistance kd2 = d2; // Convert 5000 meters to kilometers

cout << "\nData Conversion Example:" << endl;


cout << "Original Distance: ";
d2.display();
cout << "Converted to Kilometers: ";
kd2.display();
return 0;
}

File Operations
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
string filename = "example.txt";

// 6.4 Opening and Closing a File


fstream file; // Create a file stream (for both reading and writing)

// Open file for writing (creating if not exists)


file.open(filename, ios::out); // Open file in output mode
if (file.is_open()) {
file << "Hello, File Processing in C++!" << endl; // Write to f
ile
file << "This is a second line." << endl; // Write another line
file << "Reading characters is fun!" << endl; // Write another
line
cout << "File created and written successfully!" << endl;
file.close(); // Close the file after writing
} else {
cout << "Failed to open the file for writing!" << endl;
}

// 6.4 Reading the file Line by Line


file.open(filename, ios::in); // Open file in input mode for readin
g
if (file.is_open()) {
string line;
cout << "\nReading from the file (Line by Line):" << endl;
while (getline(file, line)) { // Read each line
cout << line << endl; // Display file contents line by line
}
file.close(); // Close the file after reading
} else {
cout << "Failed to open the file for reading!" << endl;
}

// 6.4 Reading the file Character by Character


file.open(filename, ios::in); // Open file in input mode for readin
g
if (file.is_open()) {
char ch;
cout << "\nReading from the file (Character by Character):" <<
endl;
while (file.get(ch)) { // Read each character
cout << ch; // Display the character
}
cout << endl; // Move to the next line after reading all charac
ters
file.close(); // Close the file after reading
} else {
cout << "Failed to open the file for reading!" << endl;
}

// 6.5 Deleting a File


// Open the file in output mode to delete its contents (overwrite)
file.open(filename, ios::out | ios::trunc); // Open in truncate mod
e (clear contents)
if (file.is_open()) {
cout << "\nFile contents deleted!" << endl;
file.close(); // File is truncated (emptied)
} else {
cout << "Failed to open the file for deletion!" << endl;
}

// 6.6 File Modes (Append Mode)


file.open("example2.txt", ios::out | ios::app); // Open file in app
end mode
if (file.is_open()) {
file << "Appending new data!" << endl; // Append data to the fi
le
cout << "Data appended to file successfully!" << endl;
file.close(); // Close the file after appending
} else {
cout << "Failed to open the file in append mode!" << endl;
}

return 0;
}

String Functions
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main() {
string name = "Teja";
string lastname = "Patil";
string fullname = name.append(lastname); // String concatenation
cout << "Full name is: " << fullname << endl;

string nickname = "Tejo";


int n = name.compare(nickname); // String comparison
if (n == 0) {
cout << name << " is equal to " << nickname << endl;
} else if (n < 0) {
cout << name << " is smaller than " << nickname << endl;
} else {
cout << name << " is bigger than " << nickname << endl;
}

// Find the position of a character in the string


int pos = name.find("z"); // Finding position of "Te"
if(pos>-1){
cout << "'Te' found at position: " << pos << endl;
} else {
cout << "'Te' not found in the string!" << endl;
}

// String reversing
string rev_str(name.rbegin(), name.rend()); // Reverse the string
cout << "Reversed string: " << rev_str << endl;

return 0;
}

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