BRIEFING PAPER

Lesson 12: Learning Strategies

GROUP 4:
Angeles, Lea Shaine G.
Guiao, Aries H.
Lansangan, Jolan Q.

Overview
The purpose of Lesson 12, "Learning Strategies," was to discuss the various study techniques that are
useful in students' daily learning as well as the personal skills required to acquire meaningful learning.

Introduction
Strategies for learning are the techniques and/or methods that students use in order for them to learn,
remember, and apply things. They are very important in improving the learning outcomes in different
situations such as self-learning, professional growth, and structured learning. Apart from cognitive
enhancement, effective learning strategies also ensure deep understanding and retention of information in
memory for a long time as it achieves cognitive goals. Study strategy, on the other hand, achieves
cognitive goals and can only be used while studying.
This paper explores major types of learning strategies, their effectiveness, and their use in different
educational settings.

Key Learning Strategies

1. Retrieving Relevant Prior Knowledge

● Description and Examples: activate students' exciting knowledge in order to connect with new
concepts. Note-taking, organizing information, intentionally elaborating on information, and
monitoring comprehension were highlighted in the module. Although these are mostly done by
“high-achieving students” only, with proper guidance from the teacher, every student can learn
doing these things to retrieve their prior knowledge.
● Advantages: Improves their way of retrieving relevant prior knowledge and use it to have a
better understanding of their new lesson.
● Research Findings: Teachers should model retrieval techniques. They should do scaffolding in
order for “low-achieving students” to keep up and learn more independently.

2. Engaging Active Learning

● Description and Examples: Active learning is the process of engaging students more actively in
the teaching process mainly by allowing them to contribute to discussions or problem solving
sessions or engage in practical works. In this way, active learning encourages the use of group
work and projects, tests, role plays and use of advanced interactive simulations.
● Advantages: Increases critical analysis, enhances memory and helps learners to put their
knowledge into practice.
● Research Findings: Active learning is better than any learning passively like relapse under
lectures in understanding and ‘keeping’ the materials.

3. Repetition Across Distances

● Description and Examples: Spaced repetition is a technique aimed at improving long-term

memory by allowing students to review content over longer periods of time between reviews. For
instance, use of flashcards, spaced learning applications and scheduling of reviewing after some
time period has elapsed.
● Advantages: Improves memory retention, reduces the rate of forgetting, and promotes storage of
information in long term.
● Research Findings: Research proves that spaced repetition is one of the effective methods of
memory retention.

4. Tools for Remembering Mnemonics and other Cognitive Techniques

● Description and Examples: Memory enhancing strategy which makes a device known as a
mnemonics, utilises association or constructs a figure and an acronym to memorize some
information. Examples include "PEMDAS" for the mathematical order of operations and
"ROYGBIV" for the rainbow's colors.
● Advantages: Facilitates quick retrieval of information and makes the information easier to
understand.
● Research Findings: Various studies have shown that mnemonics can enhance memory
performance when remembering certain types of information, particularly when it comes to
abstract materials or difficult concepts or images.

5. Further Details

● Description and Examples: The process of interrelating new knowledge with past knowledge
for the purpose of enhancing understanding or comprehension. In other words, to ask ‘is this
relevant?’ or ‘how does this relate to what I have known all along?’ are two examples.
● Advantages: Helps in forming an organizational structure for the assessment and application of
new information.
● Research Findings: The findings of the research suggest that elaboration helps in the
understanding of information and also in the ability to use information in new situations.

6. Self-Evaluation and Practice Retrieval

 ● Description and Examples: Self-evaluation is the action of periodically measuring how much
the learner has learned with the goal of improving understanding and memory. For example,
practice tests, flashcard games, quiz games, and reading information out loud.
● Advantages: include the increased efficiency of the brain’s retrieval pathways, which facilitates
the recollection of material in a shorter or longer time frame.
● Research Findings: It is one of the most effective methods of learning because retrieval practice
means that the student will have to access and use the knowledge.

7. Using two different codes

● Description and Examples: Duel coding is a strategy that employs both visual as well as oral
information in order to aid learning. Creating mind maps, infographics, and diagrams, in addition
to oral and written explanations are some of these.
● Advantages: It enhances retention rate by engaging the visual circuits and linguistic processing
circuits of the brain.
● Research Findings: Results of the study show that students who apply dual coding techniques
perform better for assessments which rely on speech and vision combined.

8. Cognitive Metacognition and Self-Regulation

● Description and Examples: Self-regulation focuses on the use of learning strategies, goals and
time management, while metacognition principally concerns itself with understanding the way
one thinks. For instance, one may monitor comprehension levels during a task, set performance
targets, or change the course of action when necessary.
● Advantages: Enhances ability to solve problems, fosters independence in learning, and raises the
level of learning efficiency.
● Research Findings: Learning outcomes and academic performance have been shown to be
improved by the use of metacognitive strategies.

Learning Strategies in Academic Contexts

● Face-to-face Learning: Active learning strategies such as interactive lectures, problem-based

learning and group works can be facilitated by the educators. Provide practice materials or self-
testing opportunities like revision classes, quizzes, peer evaluations which promote spaced
repetition, elaboration and self-testing techniques. Active learning whereby teachers and learners
use technologies to enhance dual coding can also be promoted. This includes the use of
interactive multimedia, use of learning management systems with spaced repetition algorithms
among other things.
● Online Classes or Distance Learning: Retention and interaction can be enhanced by the use of
self-evaluation mechanisms, and gaming techniques help of the virtual platform. In distance
 learning opportunities, tools like Anki or Quizlet for spaced repetition learning may come in
handy for e-learners. Students can keep track of their advancement and change the strategies of
their learning with the help of such things as journals or discussion boards aimed at enhancing
metacognitive reflection.
● Lifelong Learning: Adult learners, whether seeking personal enhancement or professional
growth, can benefit from some of the learning strategies like self-regulation, spaced repetition, or
expansion. Active learning methods can be used in online courses, seminars, and the use of e-
resources for instance by employing case studies, role playing, or simulation-based learning.

Conclusion
The intention of enhancing education and the acquisition, retention, and usage of knowledge in any
conceivable way makes learning strategies great weapons. Strategies such as active learning, spaced
repetition, self-testing, and other methods can be employed so that learners effectively internalize the
information, improve retention and enhance performance. Teachers and learners alike should look for
these strategies and adapt and use them according to the nature of the course and the class. More so in the
case of learning strategies given the ongoing research into the effectiveness of various strategies is a need
for a thoughtful and intentional way of learning.

Suggestions
● Educators need to incorporate different approaches to learning into the curriculum, for instance:
self-testing, active learning and summarization, in order to address the different learning styles of
the students.
● Try different techniques, like retrieval practice, spaced repetition, among others to discover what
works best for your particular learning requirement.
● In regard to enhancing learning strategies and results, the impact of such technologies as learning
tools based on artificial intelligence should be researched further by scientists.