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Dfc20113 - Chapter 4 (Structure - 4.4)

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55 views21 pages

Dfc20113 - Chapter 4 (Structure - 4.4)

Uploaded by

Siti Zaharah Sidek
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DFC20113 PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS

CHAPTER 4
ARRAY, POINTER & STRUCTURE
4.4 Demonstrate the use of
structures
learning outcome
• Describe structures
• Identify the difference between structure and arrays.
• Define and declare a structure
• Assign values to a structure variable.
• Access member variables of a structure.
• Apply the coding standards and best practices for structure.
• Illustrate structures in memory.
• Solve a given problem by writing program
• Access member variables of a structure using pointer.
Introduction
Structure is a collection of related data items, possibly of different types.
A structure type in C++ is called struct.
Structure can be referred to using the same name.
The preceding structure definition does not reserve any space in
memory but the definition creates a new data types that is used to
declare variables.

Data structure
A data structure is a group of data elements grouped together under one
name. These data elements, known as members, can have different types
and different lengths.
DEFINE structure
Structures hold data that belong together.
Examples:
Student record: student id, name, major, gender, start year, …
Bank account: account number, name, currency, balance, …
Address book: name, address, telephone number, …
In database applications, structures are called records.
Difference between
structure and arrays
declare structure
Data structures are declared in C++ using the following
syntax:

struct structure_name
{
member_type1 member_name1;
member_type2 member_name2;
member_type3 member_name3;
……..
};
declare structure
Let us assume that we want to create an account. We would need
the following information:
declare structure

Structures can
combine data of
different types
declare structure variable
Data structures variable are declared in C++ using the
following syntax:

struct structure_name
{
member_type1 member_name1;
member_type2 member_name2;
member_type3 member_name3;
……..
}object name/structure variables;
declare structure variable
Method 1

Method 2
declare structure variable
as array
Declare a structure named Student that has ID of 10
characters, name of 40 characters, and marks of integer
type. Then, declare an array called Students with the size 25
for the structure.
assign values to a structure
variables
Given the facts about a computer, write the structure.
Manufacturer: HP
Memory: 512
Price: 2199.90
assign values to a structure
variables
Given the information structure for workers as follows:
struct infopekerja
Write programming statement to assign
{ the following workers information into
string nama; the pekerja[9] variable:
float gaji;
Nama: Ali
} pekerja [10];
Gaji: 650.00

ANSWER!
Access values in a structure
variable
Members of a structure are accessed using the member access
operators :–
the dot operator ( . ) and the arrow operator ( -> )

Example using dot (.) operator:


To print member hour of timeObject, use the statement:
cout<< timeObject.hour;
To print member hour of the Time object referenced by timeRef,
use the statement:
cout<< timeRef.hour;
Access values in a structure
variable
Example using arrow (->) operator
Assume that the pointer timePtr has been declared to point to a
Time object, and that the address of timeObject has been
assigned to timePtr.
To print member hour of timeObject with pointer timePtr, use the
statement
cout << timePtr -> hour;
The expression timePtr->hour is equivalent to (*timePtr).hour
nested structure
Structures in C++ can be nested (one structure can
be declare within another structure).

Nesting one structure within another saves time


when the program needs similar structures.
nested structure
nested structure
example program
exercise
By using struct, write a program which will accept name, ID
number and test marks from Test 1- Test 5. Your program
should calculate and display the total and average of marks
for the students.
THANK YOU

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