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Class Notes A4

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Class Notes A4

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Lecture Notes: Introduction to Machine Learning

1. **What is Machine Learning (ML)?**

- Definition: ML is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) focused on building systems that learn from

data to make decisions or predictions.

- Key Components: Data, Algorithms, and Models.

2. **Types of Machine Learning:**

- **Supervised Learning:** Algorithms learn from labeled data (e.g., regression, classification).

- **Unsupervised Learning:** Algorithms find patterns in unlabeled data (e.g., clustering,

dimensionality reduction).

- **Reinforcement Learning:** Systems learn by interacting with an environment to achieve a goal

(e.g., game playing, robotics).

3. **Key Terms:**

- **Features:** Input variables used for predictions.

- **Labels:** Output variables in supervised learning.

- **Overfitting:** When a model performs well on training data but poorly on unseen data.

- **Underfitting:** When a model is too simple to capture the underlying patterns.

4. **Applications of Machine Learning:**

- Natural Language Processing (NLP)

- Computer Vision

- Predictive Analytics

- Autonomous Systems

5. **Steps in ML Workflow:**
- Data Collection and Preprocessing

- Feature Selection

- Model Training

- Evaluation and Validation

- Deployment

Remember: The choice of algorithm and model depends on the nature of the problem and the

quality of data. Practice with real-world datasets to strengthen understanding.

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