Fundamental Concepts of Pharmacology 2
Fundamental Concepts of Pharmacology 2
Fundamental Concepts of Pharmacology 2
Pharmaceutic Phase
Pharmacokinetic Phase
Pharmacodynamic Phase
PHARMACEUTIC PHASE
• Receptor theory:
– Cell membrane embedded enzymes
– Ligand-gated ion channels
– G protein-coupled receptor systems
– Transcription factors
PHARMACODYNAMIC PHASE
PHARMACODYNAMIC PHASE
DRUG
Pharmacokinetics: Pharmacodynamics:
Absorption Onset, Peak, Duration
Distribution (PB) Therapeutic Range
Metabolism (t1/2) Side Effects, Adverse Reactions
Excretion
LEGISLATION-CONTROLLED
SUBSTANCES
• A drug or other substance that is tightly controlled by the
government because it may be abused or cause addiction.
• Controlled substances include opioids, stimulants,
depressants, hallucinogens, and anabolic steroids.
• Controlled substances such as morphine, Valium, and
Ritalin are available only by prescription from a licensed
medical professional.
GENERIC DRUGS
• Over-the-
counter (OTC) drugs are medicines s
old directly to a consumer without
a prescription from a healthcare
professional
NURSING IMPLICATIONS