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    Yule 8

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    Azlan Taher
    This document discusses morphology, which is the study of the composition and structure of words. It defines key morphological concepts like morphemes, which are the minimal units of meaning or grammatical function. Morphemes can be bound, like prefixes and suffixes, or free, like root words. Bound morphemes are either derivational, changing a word's meaning or part of speech, or inflectional, providing grammatical information. The document also examines word formation processes like affixation, compounding, and reduplication. It provides examples of analyzing words into their constituent morphemes and identifying what type each morpheme is.

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    Yule 8

    Uploaded by

    Azlan Taher
    152 views7 pages
    This document discusses morphology, which is the study of the composition and structure of words. It defines key morphological concepts like morphemes, which are the minimal units of meaning or grammatical function. Morphemes can be bound, like prefixes and suffixes, or free, like root words. Bound morphemes are either derivational, changing a word's meaning or part of speech, or inflectional, providing grammatical information. The document also examines word formation processes like affixation, compounding, and reduplication. It provides examples of analyzing words into their constituent morphemes and identifying what type each morpheme is.

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    This document discusses morphology, which is the study of the composition and structure of words. It defines key morphological concepts like morphemes, which are the minimal units of meaning or grammatical function. Morphemes can be bound, like prefixes and suffixes, or free, like root words. Bound morphemes are either derivational, changing a word's meaning or part of speech, or inflectional, providing grammatical information. The document also examines word formation processes like affixation, compounding, and reduplication. It provides examples of analyzing words into their constituent morphemes and identifying what type each morpheme is.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    152 views7 pages

    Yule 8

    Uploaded by

    Azlan Taher
    This document discusses morphology, which is the study of the composition and structure of words. It defines key morphological concepts like morphemes, which are the minimal units of meaning or grammatical function. Morphemes can be bound, like prefixes and suffixes, or free, like root words. Bound morphemes are either derivational, changing a word's meaning or part of speech, or inflectional, providing grammatical information. The document also examines word formation processes like affixation, compounding, and reduplication. It provides examples of analyzing words into their constituent morphemes and identifying what type each morpheme is.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    Morphology

    Morphology: The study of the composition and structure of words Morpheme: A minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function antidisestablishmentarianism anti - dis - establish - ment - ari - an ism Minimal unit of meaning: cat un establish Minimal unit of grammatical function: -s (as in look-s) -ed (as in look-ed)

    Ways of Classifying Morphemes


    Bound vs. Free Free Morpheme: car, spider, race Bound Morpheme: un-, -ed, -s Affix Type Prefix: re Suffix: -ed infix: (rare in English) freakingFunction of Bound Morphemes Derivational: change meaning or part of speech o Changes meaning: un- (un-happy) o Changes part of speech: -ness (happy-ness) Inflectional: refine or give extra grammatical info
    s (3 sg pres) ing (progressive) s (plural) er (comparative) ed (past) en (past participle) s (possessive) est (superlative)

    Types of Free Morphemes Lexical: have semantic content (they mean something) and can be added to in the lexicon (open class) Functional: provide info about grammatical function (e.g. prepositions, articles, pronouns, conjunctions) and cannot be added to in the lexicon (closed class)

    Morphemes and Allomorphs


    Past tense: called [d], talked [t], glided [!d] Morpheme: Allomorphs: /d/ [d] [t] [!d]

    Plural formation: cars [z], desks [s], buses [!z] Morpheme: Allomorphs: /z/ [z] [s] [!z]

    -in: impossible ["m], illegal ["l], incomplete ["#], irrevocable ["r], insane ["n] Morpheme: Allomorphs: /in/ ["m] ["l] ["#] ["r] ["n]

    What about irregular plurals (mouse/mice, man/men, deer/deer) past tense (go/went, sleep/slept, is/was)? They seem to use separate lexical forms instead of derivational morphemes (suffixes)

    Word Formation Processes


    Affixation Prefixation Suffixation Infixation Tagalog um[sulat] write [sumulat] Write! [bili] buy [bumili] Buy! [kuha] take, get [kumuha] Get!

    Compounding: 2 words that can stand alone 2 free morphemes: girlfriend, blackbird, text book Derived words: air conditioner, looking glass, watch maker Compounds: lifeguard chair, aircraft carrier, life insurance salesman

    Reduplication English (partial reduplicationmeaning?) o higglety-pigglety, hoity-toity, hocus-pocus, helter-skelter o book-schmook, teacher-schmeacher, studyschmudy Indonesian (total reduplicationplural) [ruhmah+ruhmah] houses [ibu+ibu] mothers [lalat+lalat] flies Tagalog (partial reduplicationfuture) [bi+bili] will buy [ka+kain] will eat [pa+pasok] will enter

    For each word decide: 1. How many morphemes 2. Whether the morphemes are bound or free 3. Whether the bound morphemes are inflectional or derivational 4. Whether the free morphemes are lexical or functional books undo blackboard reliable Eugene digest at relives untried multilateral hippopotamus enter milder needy between loveless tricycle beautiful writings tallest

    old words: cats unhappy signpost comfortable catsup of unlocks succotash milder greedy entrust bicycle spacious thickeners prettiest

    reconditioned with

    Massachusetts unidirectional senseless

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