O

Amplitudz Modulchbo

Tntroductnb
epsessb fors AM
tos
Mathemdica Anat-42 and
Hadulalion mdex

Spectru
band ei dth of AM
requen
Powes Cal culaions
PoDpest
AM on-meay p0gest
Tenescdon of
of

ve modulatbo
and hTh
Balance Modulco7 and VsB
SsB- C3C TsB and vsB
DsB-SC, ss8-
AM DsB-Fe,
lpe of mparol Soo'.
Compast
Co SO 0,
methoa and
qenedeto
her
 Mathemetal med eseasîpn os AM
N e Can
be diUNed
The mallen eti o O@preletatfbn of an AM

into hoo parA namej

Tme cdomay desctybo
tsegucat doma descripton

)Tme domalh descriptdg

be smusod a and be veprsnted a,

he
Le the
Let Modulathy na
madulathg

em En OS n t
mEm os. Cofmt)

Ohore mctontan eo w amplrtudk of medulotm .

pek ampl-tude
fre of modulott gnal much hte t
ata
elo be ghuioda
caoreo STyna tgnal e
Let he The înctsntsnous carniex
maleta gnal.
theo that of
eECosOt
E tas Q T f

p C a r t Carvderanpl-tude

Caotey e e n c

he tellaonp pTess(D),
pTescfDa
O ave
ve
epTecsed
AM
he A Cos (a1f
eAM he aetns tsyna
madulast
The madul
a
of envebpe
enveb pe
nctanttnaw
Uaye
apltvde ao
hest fom b e peak Cn
Suaced
ov
adli
erhey

shoant
 Modulety os Baseband na

Ceor md

AAAMALAUPUEH-
madulated soe
tEm eEm

envel ope
a,
value of ewelope
the fhetatn eo ug
can Vepsese+t
Heate e
EtEnéos(onft)

AEt em =
wave gen
Hence he AM

A as Cf+) asoet)
eAM
ontt)
Em cos(
Et
aslpmrnt)| 7s( e n )
CAM E14
the matulabbn ndex
Let M Cbe
t y EeItmas(omf,nt)es
ces(27t)

ot AM S
epresentAo
domal
Yeresert te tme
ThepeIsvo

Modulahvn
tactod
1ndex ox define
deh ned
Madulation îmdex
modex (m)
(m)
the medulehDg
modaleb09

and
C
Caam
mu r
er waves
kaves
h e modulobng
Kave modulotn
n At1 of bhe &ma x -E m n

amplitude
ampltude

the atvo of m
as

as folloos
and no
and no
has
valuez bet 0 and
hen
When
Ec, But
Tf Em7 te ,
Tf Em?E,m7l
m7|
a But
d2torbon is
mboduced A of A Tnaill4
dAed hape
 B a n d

The diztooton called Ove& modulatbn

quen domas desCaIp-tbo

about
akat oh1th
ohth
AM ave, tels
Ren
tegen Speartumof
qr present m be A
te AMM O ve
Oave Cnd
cn
ohat
d what
re

en omponent *o At ave
0 Consdes t e epuatvo
amplitudes
thei
AN(E+ E , t ) caet
E+ cant cogt
A E tm cos Qt t
Shmphune get

Cos (At8)+ cor(A

2cos Acose

c t + meecoc(
)+ t a ( t t )
CAM E, cs
mEe cos (ot at)
Ec cos e t + mEe (os (0ct On)tt
sdeband!
nothîng but
uw
yOmodulatd o o teroms
Carme b o ((
1e1n)
)
GA))
[GA)
fn
laer rehand
end (F+m))
The muenc upped gdeband
tt m )
odulattdo tonte tte
plude
Band0idth sequsred o
trreo d~erek fre
modultm
gnd.) Atd Conc dmplede
t b e
Cas Central Caris h htahest
ather tuoe dposed netly obtt
ame
sem
to
arse eaval
avma ampl-etei dh7ch
txcred hlf
,but hwes
Cath othe
tm the Caes anpltde

tiqgu lae péetu of Am WVe

 Benduoidth 0t AM
of the Ar d gNro
The borlsikh
The
(o)-(fr)
B . tuse Lce
-f
ooes Calauletidaw:
ument 4ue
Oave
Vdtre 0 te
The AM deb andz
o idphand2
oo
Hence
. Hen
. ce

Carates and
congp of contamed
An AM mare podes
than th pooed
cotalm
oil

umadulated dArrk the m edulekvn

on
are dependent
4oo debands
amplitudes of
. tta aoe
Hence ta
Henca poey
The ontamed depend
on

mdex
odex
iedex Pence be ooes Valuz of
valuz
modulatDn
modulet
be
taNe
a fun etbo q

tota Poae AM
The Lse)
m Use)+ poer m
CCAT poed+ ( poMes

Ecer
R Value2
Valuez ot carrierr
ot caler
tmt
et e m s

oheseEcas, tuse, ELcB ar antnna în hith

Chas.
e i tan ce
4nd R
amplirtud eg
deh and
dieipale
the tota pecer

Canmirs fope

t
R
2R

aorits ampltude
b peak

ooes n idebands

R
P prak anplhtude of ath ideband ,
a

fuse lLee 2R
R SR
 2

se PLse

gwen
+ Puse + fece
Pet +P

hoos he selat) bet the tota poaes aA

oqve
ore e
nmouled caTes h meseaue to be vaue
Conlents a
and Pases l b e mexnum, to m
also mereaa
e m , t o t a l fo0urs

ad A al be s i then

1 1+ e-1) 2

Tansm Sav hicten 2

Puse +Lcea
(t4fe
2

(t+7a)
x160
panconi ssiog etticin1 2tm
Culgenti
tenme of
A Po- es

140
 CTenesadton o Ar uah non-h peAt
all a
t e At uoqve
h cH.al qanesek metldos
1uao type are there :. )
Square
Ampde moduletor

olhha moduletvs to
3uch as a dibde
Qe 4 nan-
fmeAd e ement
Both of bem
0 pooert modulako
ck
qe
Ahd ese
mplementahbn.

SAuae amodupatos
a bandpas
eF aby
a

tuned elttune
Nonmeo
moduleb

v,t)
Carte

Esmbnft)
07 Ec cosl21f) devre
anonlmens
Tt has i) bandpas Fled
modulatlg
na
coule
and Series
S eae
Carrica m
a
ave
eenmetted
arae et
devie
CaysTytgna na nemmca
STqna and te
t e tP
hemadul apmpitd
fum V,u)
theny
b n ito
V , 4 ) z t )+ o s t A )
odndt,
a lloOs
Sych N a

dte
non-/mead

tos
eletDo
ofp v,ct)=dv,cu)+ bu')
he 1P
(rue)+Ececonf)

+
(2ft)
bETas(
a + L a a n f . )

,t)a
tas21Ht+

ba) E saae
bat
At OMe Orb Cane
G c a s 2 n f t +

+a
V , t ) = d n t )
S a y e d

Onyhebnd
modulaty remain
STne
uuetu
tme,
nuetu
modulet r e

the unuel)teom
Alk.t elmnaez
ads bdpagi
tuntd ct
Os(ont)
The LC + 2b alt)E
Hence, V,t) =
a tCas(aM-
Volt)[at+9 bal)Ee coxof,)
 Vot)-aE1 1 aone)
unve
bey aoe.
h donded Ar
I e compare above e la0
madulatos
gure
p r eent Atg Oaue.Thu

ouces AM a

SuoptchtyyMotuletor:

P
v
V)

a a teh.
otth,
asmu tbe opedakics sna 4
coMet
The ddde 2 shueode danweo
modulatizga) at) an4 the dode en b,
The o t e s . H2nce te
1r t o the
Serxtos th tach
V , e t = t )+¬S o76,t
Cayodeo stya
half cqde a
V,=y.t) m the pove ane
hh e olf Coi

halt gle
be negatue
V,to m
V, VE) CAoo Lo,

ComprnBon_otHan lsel mouletno lo lee pdlstoy

arsa mekes Hyh lavel moduleto
at
nadul og tus phce
1) poers lbel noduletty takus placr at o paor larel.
btyh poor level.

ImeAs amp/4toa (A,A® os

B
C
ehitnt qass
i

Hrakly e asts modulation

amp ore NU r
amplherss Loaes t n hlave
veryy mofuldoy
) VaCeumetubez o
s B , Jt1,0 Pamps
b A S t for medrum
DeAte
f a d e applicilnoj

E1 t t be done
Deagn of af Complex du e d ve kg e l o pooen
Paae Dve/ve
poe an onekne e l V
Hr pavers bnadonst
(TF modletos
tanan dlers
Aptitors
 AM qve y aye called
he qen eyelîyy ciotuits
dhmpli-tde modulatoy ckt
ave ca Sihed nto fo cate1osiCA
The modulets cta

Lona lepe moeuletibo.:

Loqve take plac
&a loa Pose lar
The qesotio of hM
a chan of nes dnpliter
tten anplihicd uy
'7he 1tnated AM d o m dtostbo
h e Ime anphfoa
ae eqund o avd

levds
tgMetaks place at hh Pones to
The Sengehvn of
AM an
ampilicd4t
staoad botb ae latAA
modulotiy place m
the
The carnu and modulethh0n take
lae and tt
adesual ponu modulatibn
amp t e a t h e tansniter lael leel modulatb
m hrah
uid mhrgh
a v e uwed than tte
class amp aTe ix hiahet
msdulartois

efiunt eel
Pab ot hiah
ertenc
Hene the
the
Henc
ow evel modletbo.

o0 lese modleos he is dan

CP AMP and
ct 1
lo laemeulatos
STmple
a
FeT ac a o AM op
Vaotalle e ) 1+Pr
a
non-w, amp oh Av
efamp

Cayters

meulek
ST40

VCFeT biaa) tbe coutli ap G

gete thonuah O t -he modulett
aplhd
Amodulati sna n
qc6ordante

o l C h a nge ith te
JfET e Ri m acosdance
eaance ot aP
The ThR o
Chane1a

amplbd at
pked
Thesdofe cante 7n lesconpiti eitoe
ond

dulebn
modu ol. moleby and.
m T h d AT1 0a
tpartI1
moe

geti anpltre moduot

ceoe tos neatne Anx
pyevded
pY duee c be s]p 4mp
 Cagoter

medulot
v
called an emitles
emiter
elas A amp: tt
Ra mall srana
alnpltude modulato
moduatos chtaued

caroter andthe motulat stqnd

he 1
cht has tu ,PF
hen madwad Stynel is appltc the m oprsate
a non lmeas desee
and mduledt n aultale place.
mubiphcsnn b e cusohex t . T E Variuo tmusoidal
TE m Mu2od
The
he qmanpnp depen
dpends o0 modulalt t . Veiu

Manners c a a l la
enual
h t himollett
ryno)
The 3am ?
en 1
LI+msio2fmt
A: Ag
moduletto
boher A 1 adn oR
t J a o t t o t modulottoo,
Jay

Ag snd
the ga A vastez shuoidall ort modulot
ThR e choas that
rwea mto
The modueti Sroal applhed st the tonvittes o dencitos
The moduktin
&tusatbo dnd ot TA Sc enruTe tte pn-/me, 8heeation

neccese fos the modutidn to 0ctu

 Hrah leoe madudator cH thahloore colleotos modulob)

tongmntt
es dmp' Jund c ankenha).

AM oP

modulattn nrformars
Hrah
Poder

modulakie qudio

amp

bmitlers
It a hih paoer
A

oP sure
b
horbe
torrte halt
Th Ct
prstvn
prsttvn
the e por
ad
ca8s amp os
to on4
0ol1 kos9
co
onnd
d uucc
& t

at the
base a
c l a s Cdmp
he
The tyna apphed Andtonthe
ofPule And benthe1
pul:ek.
to t om
fom
îm the tbe
be
S1 s mpliHes
mplies
yle colletco
cutent

The hrgh poces

qudd omp
amp
Thus tuned ckt
to
Spphed
paoes
level oth
teVc.

a hrgh 1t
emeded

Sryo n s t o m e t

mo dulotte
modulattey
the
modudp
n
Vec

Sec. mdn
q
to os sukaet ethe
Naeral
The o|}
add
C anp.Neteall
maduloti
Tlar
ith the
Co then aPpd
m
acwrdan t
supph ty puliea
dilVag
ekt Theg
tund ttt
hes
The Vantt1 t he
t e tun
patr -6
pulse par
h s
ep r
qcollcta
dmplude o
u m
eenat
t palzez dezred

sno
Theae
These oillale at the
to
maduat tunad cht
the
h eofP
toiCaule
a
at
poduud
dcheed

e be
0vmodulabon
canat

dal t anp as also used

modlited ct
clalr C
clalr amp
modulated
Plate
 bansmitte6:
Lao lese
modulated AM Anetnna

On
mu Povres
claa& A
damp
medul ded H
L
amphhe amp

cadiA
AF
Auao AF
modutis peressi mp

na
Rled
o v e Ar tarsmitter

tnsmitkr
Hha latel modulled AM

aatenna
cla

Omp
omp amP
Osll-toy

Auaro claliA c
A Pous Af A
dul atiog
STy0a
Hhah leve At1 antmittes
 lpes of Anplibude Modladon

Amplitude Molulaibo

Dse-F DB- Sc VsB

SsB-8
Double sae band atple Stleband Jndependert Vtko
Cohien-dtn upeise sidpband STddtnd
A) Suptse e otes

disadv arksras, Sqentisks hare oletelaped Nerious hupe

ue to distmet
Some
Ds@- Fc AM avt al fhlla9d
oAM Spens, The digad Vantses d
îDse-fe nonicsoo.
Poses natase takes place
Dsefe Ssleoo Rbanduih
ineRiot sylen
DsB-fC e y scep-bbe e nete

m bag- Fc tanmissido ag îtom

) rovoes aste does net convey
Dse-Fc spe0
m te
avis Sna dcbands od
The, cotae t b e t4 both
The orotroo 2 hence
othed 4n
of eath Can be
maye mfomatwo
sabands av de
tbe ttomton
Thw all
Same
the conton - One STdeband
enb,
ConE 1 41vdade
tansmtted b
Podes
tal

doe2 not
COntan 41 fvmat
CAstoy ConpOn estt
toxms,

iOutcf 1
dundant
2
&Tdzband Waded powes
tne the
and
total pOo
0 Dd o
coky= let (+ ) e
Pacs
hat actual
mueh hiahes pouse than
e tantmrt
shod
Th poes inetertnt cyukm
yey is
a

Hence Dse-fe
 Bandodhh Îmefhrt
to smultne
The B Pse-fsaem is 9fm. Th2 due
adebands,out
ohreh On One s ftat
Sul
ansmi sstb f bots the
all ehe tosmateb.us B0. R doublo tn atally e
Coye
hercye de.f andurdh mehrtt
Aen, 1o ue
SuPpes te
aneober srdeband tanmi-tkd
Cavey nd 0ne 4deband dnd if onl
alo can ke 3educed
Bt
of PoRer can be Aave and 12

or D se ox AM- SC stl
Douke Sdeband-Suppress e Carte o DS8-5

D AM 04ve Dse- Fe) od te carsier tonpentint

a De SC Cdouble Stdebayd
the malhn stanal Cale
he
then
Sure3se Ca a.
DER-SC Szna) i2 choon n x.beloo
The tme donan dRpla1 of

modulatyy Tgncl

/ 8 phase shh

c a e Oave
Dce )
)Suppvessed
hodn belo frr
bSTnal
The Speotum of
Lse Supprexsed
CAmer

fe Ftem)
frequen
(frm)

It m1, ten be pemeat oPoae Sah

Savna
Thus DsB-c B posus oficet sysin

Hoaenes , a3 bobh be Staebands 4ve bema tansmited

t l l 2 4 Te3ame as thet Am wqre
e B. Dse- ste se

3o
SO t bandaidh meffiuent eem
me doman dessptda af DsB-sC modulatp)

MCsage na t ) EmcasoTft)
DsB-S modulatd Oqe en
atmt).Ee cos Cnft)
su) - 4). ctt) Em Cás
=

aet - Em Ee tisCenmi) cos CeTfA)

0« (A-e)
cosAcosB cos CA +B) +

s4)-EmEcca(r6+fn) )+ co:(sA1 F Fm)t)

(f+fm)ttcos 2 (F-n)t|
EmECas om
Ct sebands 4nd the
sidebandg 4n he
Oque Contans
Contaîns two
t hoos that the Dsese
f ach deban qua toEmEc
4mplkud
 Balanced Modulalo
the unO anked

utel do supreas
The balan ce modul etos
ave

Crmer AM ave
Af Ralant ed pse-se siqoa.
modul eth
craha Medultos
RF Cnrie Stna
balaned modleto
saks that
a
Pinple df eperatn q passel trrough
a
re
o e l s at dHerent
quenche
jh ppedse
Yezidan cg ben a t the elp e
qet an AM nd
99n-Imca non-lmead ve2i devize
BJT be wled a
Carroter Oode o JPET o Can

be done ta the too balagucd mádaletors

The press of Crotes cAn

chbde dnmouako os altce modulevo

)Usn he balance modwator.
FET

Blance Modlates us AM modulatos

Mesye y nd alt) AM
Moduete
M

Ds@-SC
CL)Crrdes
Isshite
phase asalatoo op st

Eoos Ceft)

AM
Modulator
Ma

h Balanced Modlatrs-b DsB.C genosctid.

wo anderd anplitude moduletoss araae e
d
Consst
a 3 upreli the cavtea com pletel.
balce Confturatson,
The Carico sqoa cu) i2 Comeded to b«t the At modulatossh, { M2

ehe mess4ge taa 2u) apphed

al t t , 4nd it muesled veatoo-q4) Aom.
At the olp amoduleo , * Ma t j Anda A a) 4,
 s tollaD
s,ce) EtEma)¢ágorfet)
0) Cc 14- malt))cos(on1f.)
Thue ve then applhed o a subtsaeto% whith pwdues be. destd
DB-3C a
auboaces e S,)-J,
Etmnt)Jaye, E) -E-a4tosonfo

Tttmat)
-|+ma4)D
E cag
DsB-scp 2m2)EøsO1T)
ma). Ec casm fE)
su) soauet 1 4 )
and c
ConsT f
thi epvessîbo
The RH of
Sa
vepvesenta
De Fe
Hknce t siyn)
DCe-e
efp ft)
1lt). cos(an
Subtsacos
PmE

Band gass Vo- kott)

non méag
SmAt
desT

non-lmears

devite device
0eo-mea
DSe- Sc
madulatos usn
tr.
drodes
malladers u
Ralaned d e sio modulees
fuletos.

ush latce tupe diode balance

ftTs
Belanced modulkbs u
 Rane Motulhbos fde

Dse &C
a ) shudA
olP
modulatiny
Srqna

aphed euall rb 180phae zeyet.cel

The mdlat1 an R cetve tapped tansfvomer.
dhodea rooug-the iP
he Ipe otb the
The Castex R appz4 the cets ty a the teondar

Cas0ct+ 1t),.

V oWet
-

z
iert.
band pass
RLC ckts at the olps fom the tuned
The prallel

-+b
= at)t leset| +b [ at) +set
+b s m t
+ b Tlt)+ Qb altas At
a ale) +a CogL

hrril.ard et -01
- 4 e a t - u ) + bs
idv,+b
bøst+b *t)-2.bau).o Ot
os Ort- anle) +
The ofp U BgNen b
Vo-R-I,R
o-R ant) + yba)as et
pce sc tnal
noduletp goal
enmatedad e cond esm alleoed tu pas
The mpdula sqnal canbe
the Le band pais Alles secttoo
trough to be e b
0SAAL
tima o 4b ut) .

Thus -te diode balancecd modslates produces tbe Dse. se syo t ft ef

 Balanced Modulatos usm TS

tem)
Creo Dse-Sc

oP
Af
modulatty
Sgna)
(Em)
do

usy1Els
Balanced maduletoo
t7 fef.
at t e Jote q
90 out of phase taneso
h e moduletig Tgna dppe to the too gatts
U e

The Cariey t applied lo phaje

and Ta
dam umenks of te
applre, the
modulot sqnal ekct f orter and
hen combm.d
be
FeT Po due
43
oor s- and
tnd
and
and
e modulak gna d a e t o C A m e s
equa
a s e equal
ae
to crriea
Carsentt
due
FET
4The
The
otheo k SSna
a e
oen a v e

hence Can ce each

the
the medulelh
nadula na

Curents due
dye to
to
Thi
ancel eut
Cumer
FET 4o not
H a e v t
So they of thareto
erorte out
but not lso
pl
equ
modulet
sqnad is oF t h e cEL
c we
b e c a u s e t h e

the
olP O t h e
becauge
Hence 6 at
the e T seTs
DsB-SC po mut
maat
qet a
both he
CAriex,both
Camex, feT
h e el
of ebe
l o p S u P p r e s a b

6to chnastnstiu

detal
the
hae he
 he Carteo O
SsB-ScSqlesTeban utpseased aro
ctlest as de ho tbe onmlte
ppacase
adebanda
o mdapendent
T- mdupendert rdehand Sser
o t h a CArsiesuPpsessed.

used tos the

Va dddeband vse) ssseo Thi sskm
e unanted sab
bSnis). A destye te tae q
V
Caot
R taumite uswal tul

DsB-t, Dse-®,
SSB, Tse
Conprssonba

0s@-JC
SrPaaneer DsB--

NA
uppseso
One S B One Ped peAsedpastdal
NA hanne
Seban A
4pesib Fro ttm
Bndh modesake

Modesata
Aam
Aolesate
Tan 4isido Mrmun

SMo.of
mo dulo
In
puta d
oint e fant
Ralid Rano mobile

ApploAon dcAt brDadentn Comm

nodurae
medesal
Yoes H Medru
pyemert to
Coues Sam Smpleo tan
Copex Copex
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 o the uAante ebnd
Metods supreas
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Altey metbo . Phese chft metod

AlleAles meto

Crts o and Up onerled

oxals Dse-Sc

Bufea BAercstband
ho duledos
edareUne oP
SupprecD)f
ks
mMadulsth
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6slla

f. bloek draqan eles stdebend auppres

the
R anpd u qukio anplihed and applred o
The moulaty n caritd s and is
1neau
baanced medulekrs. The cylordllders
qMen balante modulotes pod4c
maduned oi|uppress the Cariea and
T h e balanced
ot ole.
and o o debands
uppen keaiakmked t t e
sdebands tbe unaelel gdebands î tout
Otof sdeband Rzed trugb
and the othes
fpversboiRs
ebn
much aderuatdy
tre is oae up to
3o tbe
th
sTdeband ve lo
The fre t z balanc mi~er
the balanced and eond
mest an seuond
t h Combinch af
tyancmit
i calleal doqen p Coen
Ae osall do hen anplhes (chs B ox A8) These
then aapthed ug
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ge to aod ay
dn plHtera ave

Adantos kband ch les hles to atknuste onrea

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Pos Hle. The

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 DEadvanse
spe t qenerale sce t hgh d
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te Rles
beeomez bul
not be ugel a
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Loo qudto tre n
ddeband.

Phase ghiftmethod
Paleeced Molb«
modwatp syod
Mr
f
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gophake

phase
shfe
Ccodes
Soul Balan c e dv m o d u l a b o

M
LSB
te
spras
laes
sdeband
method of phee
hdt
- oj phase
supprssdo

Phase the
a aod -too
and
tos and g,
ad
i d
madulele-s
maduletod M
M,
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pe
t0 balan
bexad

uss

Th
Thz n
ptem
moduet qn ottat
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ha t o es
madlatrs M, 4 3 0 phe
balaned
aner ort)
9The tbe RF Snaah a
s h t nt he mwdbbg
phale ecees
1 Ma
balaneMokulaba
phase shif
The otes ithot a
both te el
the ah
chft and
Cxsuts

Kyeduletba ene get

oduleto«d
both
Jo phase the
nced
balances

bots
t
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Complet the belaed
the o r s o b
The Cassks CUB5)
at
leads t e
ormes

slebands Bot Lse

at h of a M
The p
e a d t e Caseo
3 beind the canerby
L at the elf Mas at tdder {
0 and tbe ve
Cancdled
b
out tf phase. dod the
hug the LB ae t e uppes Seband.
ades congt onlt
elp of
 B or e
Mca) oll avlonr the adter dlai
They yt
The anpl
e aplatas uscd anmphl the vce othot mndue y deHbo\

Hathemdcl p f d sdehond pex

meulethey0
Cos t
Inpuu H shifd orer
Cas (wt3) Jo phase

casmt+3°
Carier tgnd
Cos t

(oet +3°). tos Ontt

eP of t1, - cos

advanee
Use eth Jo

(t+9)
COs ot: co
e of M,

LS8 th g6 del.
advance
Use o7h I

o t M, +oukput f
la
addes
op of cOs(t +@mt+o )
Sdband
the Uped
addes olp Cortatae o
he
oth e

UsB
Can prezi
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not rured
Atuatae B ta h .
so
qenealete
can, a3 madulaty
Sna.
lo qudb ren IeA he othe
2 tCan uJe Dne
tobnd
AT)tom

en to

d7aduanejes
 Thethd Metod (10t-otOnt)
0
a t304,t) htts) (Wett ,t-odtlsd)

Balarte
elanod fle
modulaes

modulaes Ma

M
(atto0) 3phase |A ee
Sophase
RF
AF CM

Balancede
meduakos

Balancad Lop pos e t + g t - o t )

moduldt M Ct-at
+oat)
Kogt-t)

t tt )
e sssB
te
B in
qeourae kis metod
9ebodte
Tho phage thitt
1enealtb o J egeneral
neall
da Udgo any jenesabe. o aane
to R
The moddoin Synd Cassies
t t trequony aprea
t Rto
the
balnced
tat Af tnaR do
Instedf
Af ma,
Th? Pt is aphe
middle oF phase
shitt
the
tt
and alies
a 3
nolaos M
4 M2
mohuloo
appltd
o A
moaloby
ynad
9he
ko|lbas.
al
Ther etRs
aTe
=Cosnott Ot+9°
epof ons(uogt t
at to.
2 have 4 atof dry
afes
k
attenuale Ue
UsB.
9 The Lo paa L R
LsRs dd ttnue
t h e i l l pals
So
Cos
Coot-t +3)
of LffL =
of c a r t a t -)
ofLPF2
Tecee
o balaecd modMated M, and My
A)The othes par
f th
and h 0
Camers ho
the
0,tt-@nttso+3
tacC0,t+
Output tF Ma cast4t
+nt- 9d+3oJ
and
 of s Ma(as(tt 18o
Loot- tt
and cosot- o,tt+0)
andolp M, 00s t+ p t - Ont)

cos(wt-att ot)
A Sn The ds8k
re adde t t e addex Csut are

Out oF phau hexe cance each otbed

Thus th dkuit oi Supcs Use's an qenesste) s
addes outpuet =
tos (t-(wgt-t

has a avantes of phae shit neted

e
medult ynd ehot ephde chite, tbe d t 90 phok
Sh becon mple. Tho ct prod4 o phuesht at ol
OnL rto.

ATauate
cgeRCompll cale 4e e