L3
L3
Content
1. Coordinate Representations
2. Graphics Functions
3. Software Standards
4. Other Graphics Packages
5. Introduction to OpenGL
Computer Graphics Software
Graphics Software
Special-purpose packages General programming packages
Designed for nonprogrammers who want Designed for computer programmers.
to generate pictures, graphs, or charts, etc.
The interface is a set of menus that Provides a library of graphics functions that
allow users to communicate with the can be used in a programming language
programs in their own terms. such as C, C++, Java, or Fortran.
Basic functions in a typical graphics library
include those for specifying picture
components (straight lines, polygons,
spheres, and other objects), setting color
values, selecting views of a scene, and
applying rotations or other transformations.
Examples of such applications include Examples are GL (Graphics Library),
artists' painting programs and various OpenGL, VRML (Virtual-Reality Modeling
architectural, business, medical, and Language), Java 2D, and Java 3D.
engineering CAD systems.
Computer Graphics Software
(xmc, ymc, zmc) → (xwc , ywc , zwc) → (xvc , yvc , zvc) → (xpc , ypc ,
zpc)→ (xnc , ync , znc) → (xdc, ydc).
Graphics Functions
▪ Prefix gl
▪ Each component word in the function name has its first letter
capitalized
▪ Arguments are assigned symbolic constants specifying parameter
names, values of parameters, or a mode.
▪ Constants defined with GL_, and underscores separate words.
▪ OpenGL defines its own types which correspond to C types GLbyte:
signed char; GLshort:short; GLint: int; GLfloat: float…
Related Libraries
• Related libraries for specific windowing systems:
• GLX: X-Window System (Linux, Unix, OS X)
▪ Prefix glx
• For most applications we will also need GLU, and on many systems we will
need to include the header file for the window system.
• For the OpenGL and GLU, the source code must begin with:
#include <windows.h>
#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <GL/glu.h>
• We can replace the header files for OpenGL and GLUT with:
#include <windows.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>
Display Video Management Using Glut
glutMainLoop();
• This function must be the last one in our program. It display the
initial graphics and puts the program into an infinite loop that
checks for input from devices such as a mouse or keyboard.
• To set the buffering the the color mode, we can use with the
glutInitDisplayMode function.
• Using RGB color values, we set the background color for the
display window to be white, as in Figure 2, with the OpenGL
function:
glClearColor (1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0);
The first three values are for the Red, Green and Blue, and the fourth value
is an alpha value if 0.0 means a transparent color, and if 0.1 means an
opaque color.
A Complete OpenGL Program