MPM2D1 – Sept 2022

Principles of Mathematics, Grade 10 Academic

Unit 1A: Equations of Linear Relations (6 days)

1-1 Linear and Non-Linear Relations
1-2 Equations of Lines in Slope y-intercept Form:
1-3 Equation of Lines in Standard Form
Graphing using x-intercept and y-intercept
1-4 Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
Determining Equations of Lines Given Slope and Point
1-5 Determining Equations of Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
Determining Equations of Lines Given Two Points
1-6 Summative Quiz

Unit 1B: Linear Systems (10 days)

1-7 Solving Linear Systems Graphically (By hand and using DESMOS)
1-8 Solving Systems Algebraically By Substitution
1-9 Solving Systems Algebraically By Elimination
1-10 Solving Systems Most Efficiently
1-11 Analyzing Types of Systems
1-12 Word Problem (Day 1)
1-13 Word Problem (Day 2)
1-14 Formative Quiz
1-15 Review
1-16 Summative Test

1
 Linear and Non-Linear Relations

In math, we often want to look for relationships between two variables, the
__________ variable, we denote as 𝑥 and the ________ variable, we denote as 𝑦.

We represent relationships between two variables in different ways:

1. by description (in words) 4. using diagrams (if possible)
2. a set of ordered pairs 5. graphically
3. a table of values 6. by an equation

From these representations, we can:

 determine if the relationships between two variables are linear or non-linear
 describe their shapes and patterns of growth (growing) or decay (shrinking)
 describe their rates of change as constant, zero, positive or negative,
increasing or decreasing.
 determine the initial value (𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡) and also the zeros (𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡)
and make connection to the significance of these values in real life.

We do this for the purpose of:

 comparing and contrasting between 2 or more relationships.
 predicting trends and patterns by interpolating or extrapolating from the
graph/equation.

Example:
1. Represent each of the following relationships in the other ways indicated.
2. Determine if the following relationship is linear or non-linear.

Relationship 1 : The difference of two numbers is 6

Table of Values Graphically Equation

𝑥 𝑦

Is this linear or non-linear? _____________________

2
Relationship 2: 𝑥𝑦 = 6
Description (in words) Table of Values Graphically
𝑥 𝑦

Is this linear or non-linear? _____________________

Relationship 3: the sum of the squares of two numbers is 6

Table of Values Graphically Equation
𝑥 𝑦

Is this linear or non-linear? _____________________

Relationship 4: 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 6
Description Table of Values Graphically
𝑥 𝑦

Is this linear or non-linear? _____________________

3
Relationship 5: The relationship between the diagram number and the number of
circles in the diagram.

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Ordered Pairs Graphically Equation

Is this linear or non-linear? _____________________

Example
1. Identify the following equations as being linear or non-linear.
2. For the linear relations, rearrange the equation to isolate for y to express the
equation explicitly. Then, use it to identify the slope and y-intercept of the
line.
3
a) 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 7 b) 𝑥 = 𝑦 c) 𝑦 − 𝑥 = 2 d) 𝑥𝑦 + 4 = 1
𝑦
e) 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 4 = 𝑦 f) 9𝑥 − 2 = g) 4𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 10
2

4
 The Equation of a Line in Slope 𝒚-intercept Form

What is the general equation of a line? What do “𝑚” and “𝑏” stand for?

Example:
1. For each of the following lines,
i) find the slope, 𝑚
ii) find the y-intercept, 𝑏
iii) find the equation in slope y-intercept form, 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏
a) b)
𝑚 =_____ 𝑚 =_____

𝑏 = _____ 𝑏 = _____

𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:

__________________ __________________
____

2. Given the slope and 𝑦-intercept,

3
a) 𝑚 = and 𝑏 = −2 b) 𝑚 = −3 and 𝑏 = 0
4
i) Write the equation of the line. i) Write the equation of the line.

ii) Graph the line. ii) Graph the line.

3. State the slope and 𝑦-intercept of the following:

a) 𝑦 = 0.25𝑥 + 100 b) 𝑦 = 3 c) 𝑦 = −𝑥 d) 𝑥 = 5

5
 4. For the following lines,
i) find the slope, 𝑚 ii) find the y-intercept, 𝑏 iii) find the equation

a) b) c)

𝑚 =__________ 𝑚 =__________ 𝑚 =__________

𝑏 = _______ 𝑏 = ________ 𝑏 = _______

𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:

__________________ __________________ __________________

____ ____ ____

5. Graph all the following lines on the graph

below. Label the function.

𝑦 = −2 

𝑥=6 

𝑦=1 

𝑥 = −5 

Summary:
𝑥 = 𝑘, where 𝑘 is a constant, makes a _________________________ line.

The slope is ___________________

When 𝑘 ≠ 0, there is __________________________________

𝑦 = 𝑘, where 𝑘 is a constant, makes a _________________________ line.

The slope is ___________________

The 𝑦-intercept is __________

The equation of the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 is ______________ and its slope is ____________

The equation of the 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 is ______________ and its slope is ____________

6
Preview: Can you figure this out?
6. Find the equation of the line joining the following points:
a) (−8,1) and (−4,3) b) (3,5) and (3, −8) c) (8, −4) and (4, −4)

Homework Worksheet - The Equation of a Line in Slope 𝒚-intercept Form

1. The equation of a line can be written in slope 𝑦-intercept form: _________

𝒎 represents: 𝒃 represents: 𝒙 and 𝒚 represent:

2. A horizontal line is written in the form 𝑦 = 𝑏, where 𝑏 is the 𝑦-intercept.

The slope of a horizontal line is _________________.

3. A vertical line is written in the form 𝑥 = 𝑎, where 𝑎 is the 𝑥-intercept.

The slope of a vertical line is _____________________.

Practice:
1. Complete the table.
Equation Slope 𝒚-intercept
a) 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 1

𝑥
b) 𝑦=
2
−3

c) 𝑦 = −2𝑥

d) 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 2

e) 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 24

f) 3𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 18

7
 2. Find the slope and 𝑦-intercept of each line and write an equation for each.
a) b)

c) d)

3. Write the equation of a line with each slope and 𝑦-intercept.

Slope 𝒚-intercept Equation
a)
–2 1

b) 2
−4
3
c)
5 0

d)
1 3

e) 𝑥
𝑦=−
2

4. Identify the slope and the 𝑦-intercept for each line (if they exist) and graph
each equation.
1
a) 𝑦 = − 2 𝑥 + 3 b) 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 4

c) 𝑦 = 5 d) 𝑥 = 3

8
5. Identify the slope and vertical intercept of each linear relation and explain
what they mean. Write an equation to describe the relationship.

Height of Tomato Plants

a) Tracy’s Walk b) ℎ After Planting
𝑑
Distance (𝑚)

Height (𝑐𝑚)
𝑡

Time (s)

𝑡
Time (weeks)

Preview: Can you figure this out?

6. Express the linear equations in the format stated.

𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒃 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚 = 𝒌 𝑨𝒙 + 𝑩𝒚 + 𝑪 = 𝟎
a) 𝑦 = −3𝑥 + 8
3
b) 𝑦 = 5 𝑥 − 2

c) 3 2
𝑥− 𝑦=4
2 3
d) 3𝑥 − 6𝑦 − 8 = 0

9
 Equation of a Line in Standard Form

There is more than one way to write the equation of a line.

We have already seen slope 𝑦-intercept form, and today we will
look at the standard form equation of a line. The different
forms of a line give us different information about the line.
These are in standard form: These are NOT in standard form:
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 6 = 0 −2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 6 = 0

5𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3 = 0 5𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −3

3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2 = 0 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 2

2
2𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 25 = 0 𝑦 =− 𝑥−5
5
1
𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 10 = 0 𝑥+𝑦−5=0
2
10𝑥 + 7𝑦 − 20 = 0 𝑥 + 0.7𝑦 − 2 = 0

𝑥+𝑦−2=0 𝑦+𝑥−2=0

3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 0𝑥 + 0𝑦 − 4 = 0
𝑥−5=0 𝑥=5
𝑦+2=0 𝑦 = −2

Try to figure out the rules for an equation standard form! What are common
features in the first column?

10
Communication Question Time!
1. Do you think −3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 4 = 0 is in Standard Form? Why or why not?

2. Do you think 8𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 6 is in standard form? Why or why not?

3. Do you think 9𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0 is in standard form? Why or why not?

4. Do you think 12𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 2 = 0 is in standard form? Why or why not?

Example 1 Changing from Standard Form to slope 𝑦-intercept Form

Express each equation in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 and identify its slope and 𝑦-intercept
a) 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3 = 0 b) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4 = 0 c) 6𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 15 = 0

Example 2 Changing from Slope 𝑦-intercept Form to Standard Form

Express each equation in standard form.
2
a) 𝑦 = −4𝑥 + 1 b) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3 c) 𝑦 = − 3 𝑥 − 2

11
 Homework Worksheet – The Equation of a Line in Standard Form

1. Rearrange each equation to isolate the

variable indicated. Which step did you
perform first each time? Answers
a) d = st for t 1. a) t=d b) s= P
s 6
b) P = 6s for s
c) P = A  I d) y=4x
c) A = P + I for P 2. a) y = x  6
d) x + y = 4 for y b) y = 2x
c) y = 5x + 3
2. Express each equation in d) y = x + 1
the form y = mx + b. 3. a)
1
3y = x  1; y =  x 
1
3 3
a) x + y + 6 = 0
b) 2x + y = 0 b) 2y = 4x  3; y = 2x + 3
2
c) 5x + y – 3 = 0 1
c) 3y = x; y =  x
d) x + y – 1 = 0 3
d) y = 5x  1
3. Isolate the y term, then write each e)
6
5y = 6x + 1; y = x 
1
equation in the form y = mx + b. 5 5
f) 2y = 4x; y = 2x
a) x + 3y + 1 = 0 4. a) y = 7x + 4
b) 4x + 2y – 3 = 0
b) y3x4
c) x + 3y = 0 2
d) 5x – y – 1 = 0 c) y= x1
1
e) 6x – 5y + 1 = 0 4 2
y= x4
f) 4x + 2y = 0 d)
3
5. a) 1;3
4. Write each equation in slope y-intercept 2
form. b) 3; 1
2 2
a) 7x + y – 4 = 0
c)
8
 ; 2
b) 3x + 2y – 8 = 0 3
c) x – 4y – 2 = 0 d) 1; 0
d) 4x – 3y = 0
6. Check graphs on geogebra.org or
https://www.desmos.com/calculator
5. Identify the slope and y-intercept of
each line.
a) x – 2y + 6 = 0
b) 3x + 2y – 1 = 0
c) 3x + 8y + 16 = 0
d) x – y = 0

6. Use the slope and y-intercept to graph each line from question 5.

12
 Graphing Using Intercepts (Connecting it to the Standard Form)
𝒙-intercept – where a line crosses the 𝑥-axis

𝒚-intercept – where a line crosses the 𝑦-axis

Label the (𝑥, 𝑦) coordinates of the 𝑥 and 𝑦 intercepts for the following graphs:

What patterns do you notice?

How to find an 𝑥-intercept:

How to find a 𝑦-intercept:

Example 1 Find the 𝑥 and 𝑦-intercepts, then graph the line:

a) 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 7 = 0 b) 3𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 15 = 0

13
Comparing standard form to slope 𝒚-intercept form:
1. Find the intercepts for the equation 4𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 48 = 0.

2
2. Find the intercepts for the equation 𝑦 = − 𝑥 + 8.
3

3. Which way was easier?

4. Determine the equation of a line with an x-intercept of 12 and a y-intercept

of -3. Write the equation in both standard form and slope y-intercept form.

5. Try This! (from EQAO 2010)

Homework Worksheet – Graphing Using Intercepts

1. The x- and y-intercepts for some lines are given. Use the intercepts to graph the line.
a) x-intercept: 3 y-intercept: –1
b) x-intercept: –2 y-intercept: –3
c) x-intercept: 6 y-intercept: 1
d) x-intercept: 3 y-intercept: none

2. Use the graph to find the slope of each line in question 1. Then write the equation of the line.

3. Identify the x- and y-intercepts of each line.

a) 3x – y = 4
b) 5x + 2y – 3 = 0
c) x + 3y = 6
d) x – 6y = 3

14
 Parallel Lines and Perpendicular Lines
Parallel Lines: lines that have the same slope and do not intersect.
Perpendicular Lines: lines that intersect each other at a 90° angle.
Example: Consider the equation: 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓

These equations ARE These equations ARE NOT

parallel to 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 5: parallel to 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 5:

𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 4 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 4

𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 6 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 5

1
𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 8 𝑦= 𝑥+4
2

Are these lines parallel to Yes or No?

𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓 ? Why or why not?

𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3

𝑦 = −2𝑥 − 7

𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 7

Graph and label the lines on the grid provided:

𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 5

𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3

𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 7

In your OWN words, how can you write an equation for a parallel line?

15
 3
Now, consider the equation 𝑦 = 4 𝑥 + 4

These equations ARE perpendicular: These equations ARE NOT perpendicular:

4 3
𝑦=− 𝑥+4 𝑦 =− 𝑥+4
3 4

4 4
𝑦=− 𝑥+5 𝑦 = 𝑥+4
3 3

4 3
𝑦=− 𝑥−2 𝑦 = 𝑥+2
3 4

Are these lines perpendicular to Yes or No?

𝟑
𝒚 = 𝒙 + 𝟒?
𝟒
Why or why not?
3
𝑦=− 𝑥−2
4
4
𝑦=− 𝑥−1
3
4
𝑦= 𝑥+6
3

Graph and label the lines on the grid provided:

3
𝑦= 𝑥+4
4
4
𝑦 =− 𝑥+5
3

4
𝑦 =− 𝑥−2
3

In your OWN words, how can you write an equation for a perpendicular line?

1. Write the equation of a line that is 2. Write the equation of a line that is
perpendicular to 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 12 and passes
−3
parallel to 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 9 and has the same y-
5
intercept of 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 12. through the point (0,9).

16
 Homework Worksheet – Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
1. Graph each pair of lines on the same grid. Find the 3. Find the slope of each line. Are the lines in each pair
slope of each line. State whether the lines are parallel, perpendicular, or neither?
parallel, perpendicular, or neither.
a) y=
1x+4 y=
x
a)
1
y= x+2
1
y= x–1 4 4
3 3 3 4
b) y= x+2 y= x–2
4
b) y = x + 3
4
y=  x 5 5
5 5 c) 0 = 3x – y + 5 y = –3x – 1
c) y = 2x – 4 2x – y = 3 d) x – 6y + 24 = 0 6x + y = 0
d) x – 4y + 2 = 0 y = – 4x + 1 e) y = 3x + 4 6x – 2y = 10
f) x–y=5 x+y=1
2. The slopes of pairs of lines are given. Are the lines in
each pair parallel, perpendicular, or neither?
4. What is the slope of a line that is parallel to each
a) m=
2 m=
3 line?
3 2 a) y = 2x + 1
b) m=1 m = –1 b) 5x + y – 3 = 0
c) m = –2 m = –2 c) x – 3y = 4

d) m = –3 m=
1 d) y + 3 = 4x
3
5. What is the slope of a line that is perpendicular to
e) m=
2 m=
2 each line?
5 5 3
a) y= x–3
f) m= 
3 m=
3 7
4 4 b) 2x – 4y + 1 = 0
4 c) y = 2x
g) m= m = 0.8
5 d) 6 – x + 2y = 0

3 2 2 6. Write the equation of a line that is parallel to

h) m= m=
8 3 4x + 3y = 1.

7. Write the equation of a line that is perpendicular to

x – 5y = 2.

Answers
1. a) b) d) perpendicular e) parallel f) neither
g) parallel h) perpendicular

3. a)
1 , 1 ; parallel b) 3 , 4 ; neither
4 4 5 5
1, 6
c) 3, 3; neither d) ; perpendicular
6
e) 3, 3; parallel f) 1, 1; perpendicular
Parallel Neither 4. a) 2 b) 5
c) d) 1
c) d) 4
3
5. a) 7 b) 2 c) 
1 d) 2
3 2
4 x 5
6. Possible answer: y = 
3
7. Possible answer: y = 5x
Parallel Perpendicular
2. a) neither b) perpendicular c) parallel

17
 Find an Equation for a Line Given the Slope and a Point

The slope of a line gives its direction. For any given slope value, there are
many possible lines. What do we need to know to pinpoint a specific line?

Example 1 Find the Equation of a Line Given Its Slope and a Point
1
a) Find the equation of a line with a slope of that passes
2
through 𝑃(1,5).

b) Graph the line.

Example 2 Find the equation of a line with a slope of 4, passing through (−2, 1).

5
Example 3 Find the equation of a line with a slope of and passing through (6, 5). Write
6
the equation of the line in standard form.

Point-Slope Form of the equation of

a line (another way of writing equations of lines): 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 = 𝒎(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )

18
Example 4
Sophia knows that it costs $25 to take a taxi to work, which is 10 𝑘𝑚 from her home. She
forgets what the fixed cost is, but remembers that the variable cost is $2/𝑘𝑚.

a) Find the fixed cost and write the equation that

relates the cost,𝐶, in dollars, of a trip to the
distance,𝑑, in kilometres.

b) Graph the linear relation.

c) If Sophia is going to mall after work,

which is 12 km away, how much will the trip cost?

Find the Equation of a Lines Parallel or Perpendicular to Given Lines

Example 1
Find the equation of a line parallel to 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 12 that passes through (2, −5)

Example 2
Find the equation of a line perpendicular to 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 5 that passes through the origin.

TIPS question:
Find the equation of a line perpendicular to 3𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 10 = 0, with the same
3
𝑥-intercept as the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 6.
5

19
Homework Worksheet – Finding Equations of Lines Given the Slope and a Point

1. The slope and a y-intercept are given for different lines. Find the equation of
each line. Answers
a) m = 5 b=2 1. a) y = 5x + 2
b) m = 3 b = –4 b) y = 3x  4
c) m = –2 b=0 c) y = 2x
d) y = 4x + 8
d) m = 4 b=8 e) y = 6x  1
e) m = –6 b = –1 2. a) y=x+3
b) y = x + 4
2. The slope and a point on a line are given for different lines. Find the equation of c) y = 2x  1
each line. d) y = 3x  10
a) m = 1 P(0, 3) 1
e) y= x+2
b) m = –1 P(4, 0) 5
c) m = 2 P(1, 1) 3. a) y = 4x  3
d) m = –3 P(–4, 2) b) y = x + 5
1 c) y= 1x2
e) m= P(10, 4) 2
5 d) y = 5x + 11
3. Find the equation of a line e) y= 1 x+6
2
a) with slope 4, passing through (1, 1) f) y = 5x
b) with slope –1, passing through (5, 0) g) y = 2x + 7
h) y = x + 6
c) with slope 1 , passing through (8, 2)
2 4. a) 5
d) parallel to a line with slope 5, and through (–1, 6) 2
b) 10
e) perpendicular to a line with slope 2, and through (2, 5)
c) y =  5 x + 10
1 2
f) perpendicular to y = x, and through the origin
5
g) parallel to 3y = 6x, and through (–2, 3)
h) perpendicular to y – x = 1, and
through (3, 3)

4. A line passes through (2, 5) and (4, 0).

a) Use the coordinates of the two points on the line to find the slope.
b) Use the slope from part a) and one of the points to find the y-intercept.
c) Write an equation of the line.

Homework Worksheet – Finding Equations of Parallel and Perpendicular Lines

1. Determine whether the graphs of each pair of equations are parallel, perpendicular or
neither.
1
a) 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 4 c) 𝑦 = 4 e) 𝑦 = − 3 𝑥 + 2
𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 7 4𝑦 = 6
𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 5
b) 𝑦 = −4𝑥 + 1 d) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 5
f) 𝑥 = 1
4𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3 𝑦 = 5𝑥 − 5
𝑦=7

20
 2. Find the equation of a line parallel to 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 4, passing through the point (−1, 0).
3. Find the equation of a line perpendicular to 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 4, passing through the point
(2, 5).

4. Find the equation of a line parallel to 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 = 0, passing through the point

(−2, −1).

5. Find the equation of a line perpendicular to 6𝑥 − 𝑦 − 11 = 0, passing through the point

(−5, −1).

6. Find the equation of a line parallel to 5𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 2 = 0, passing through the point

(−3, −7).

7. Find the equation of a line perpendicular to 2𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 3 = 0, passing through the point

(−2, −3).

8. Find the equation of a line parallel to 𝑥 = 4, passing through the point (−6, 1).

9. Find the equation of a line perpendicular to 𝑥 = −2, passing through the point (7, 2).

10. Find the equation of a line perpendicular to 𝑦 = 7𝑥 − 6, with the same 𝑦-intercept as
𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 4.

2
11. Find the equation of a line parallel to 𝑥 = 6, with the same 𝑥-intercept as 𝑦 = − 3 𝑥 − 4.

12. Find the equation of a line perpendicular to 5𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 8 = 0, with the same 𝑥-intercept
as the line 𝑥 − 5𝑦 − 5 = 0.

Answers
1. a) Parallel b) Perpendicular c) Parallel d) Neither e) Perpendicular
f) Perpendicular
2. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 3 8. 𝑥 = −6
1
3. 𝑦 = − 2 𝑥 + 6 9. 𝑦 = 2
1
4. 𝑦 = −𝑥 − 3 10. 𝑦 = − 7 𝑥 + 4
1 11
5. 𝑦 = − 6 𝑥 − 11. 𝑥 = −6
6 2
5 57 12. 𝑦 = − 5 𝑥 + 2
6. 𝑦 = − 6 𝑥 − 6
5
7. 𝑦 = 2 𝑥 + 2

21
 Find an Equation of the Line Given Two Points

Recall: Given a line with the slope 𝑚 = −3 and passing through the point (1, 2), find the
equation of the line.

Recall: Given two points 𝐴 (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) and 𝐵(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ), the slope of the line passing
through the points is…. 𝑦

∆𝑦
𝑚= =
∆𝑥

Find the slope of the lines passing though the points 𝐶(4, 5) and 𝐷(−2, 8)

Find the Equation of a Line, Given Two Points

Example 1
A line passes through 𝐴(1, 2) and 𝐵(5, 10). Find an equation for the line.

Example 2
A line passes through the points 𝑃(−3, −2) and 𝑄(6, −8). Find an equation for the line.

22
 Key Concepts:
You can find an equation for a line if you know two points on the line.
To find the equation,

1) Find the slope by substituting the

two points into the slope formula:

2) Find the __________________ by substituting the slope and one of the points
into 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏, and then solve for 𝑏

3) Write the equation by substituting 𝑚 and 𝑏 into 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏

Example 3 A taxi company charges a fixed base cost and charges a variable cost per 𝑘𝑚
driven. It costs $32.50 for a 10 𝑘𝑚 trip and $53.50 for a 17 𝑘𝑚 trip.

a) What is the variable cost per km?

b) Find an equation for the line relating cost of a trip, 𝐶, in dollars, to the number of
kilometres driven, 𝑑. 𝐶 = 𝑚𝑑 + 𝑏

c) What is the 𝐶-intercept? What is the real life significance it?

d) Use the equation to find the cost of a 23 𝑘𝑚 trip.

Example 4
Kent knows that last month, it cost him $32 to visit his gym 7 times. He forgets what the
fixed monthly cost is, but remembers that the variable cost is $2 per visit.

a) Find the fixed cost and write the equation that relates the cost, in dollars, to
number of visits.
𝑦

b) Sketch the graph the linear relation.

c) If Kent paid $40 in one month, how many times did he visit?

23
 Homework Worksheet – Finding Equations of Lines Given Two Points

1. Find the slope of the line that passes through

3. Find an equation for the line that passes through
each pair of points.
each pair of points.
a) A(2, 3) and B(4, 5)
a) C(4, 5) nd D(5, 1)
b) M(0, 6) and N(2, 0)
b) J(3, 2) nd K(1, 0)
c) S(8, 7) and T(0, 0)
c) G(7, 7) and H(0, 4)
d) C(3, 4) and D(6, 7)
d) S(–3, 1) and T(–2, 7)
e) P(5, 1) and Q(4, 5)
e) P(4, 5) and Q(2, 3)
f) E(2, 3) and F(4, 5)
f) M(–3, 3) and N(3, –5)
g) V(–1, 1) and W(2, –4)
g) X(0, –1) and Z(5, –4)
h) J(2, –1) and K(1, –2)
h) A(4, –1) and B(–2, –2)
2. Find an equation for each line.
4. A line has an x-intercept of 3
a) and a y-intercept of 4.
a) Find the slope of the line.
b) Write an equation for the line.

5. A line passes through the origin

and A(4, 6).
a) Find the slope of the line.
b) Write an equation for the line.

Answers
1. a) 1 b) 3
b)
7
c) d) 1
8
e) 4 f) 1
g) 5 h) 1
3
2. a) y= 1x3
2
b) y = 3x + 1
c) y = 2x + 6
3. a) y = 4x + 21 b) y = x  1
3
c) c) y = x  4 d) y = 6x + 19
7
4
e) y=x+1 f) y =  x  1
3
g) y =  3 x 1 1
h) y = x 
5
5 6 3
4 4
4. a)  b) y =  x  4
3 3
5. a) 3 3
b) y = x
2 2

24
 Review Equations of Linear Relations
3x – 2y = 0
1. Find the slope and y-intercept of each line. 3x + 2y = –4
a) 8. Which lines in question 7 are perpendicular?

9. What is the slope of a line that is perpendicular

to 3 – x + 4y = 0?

10. Find the equation of a line with

a slope of –3, passing through (2, –5).
b) 11. Find the equation of a line parallel to
2x + 5y = 1, with the same y-intercept as
x – 4y = 8.

12. Find the equation for a line passing through (3,

– 4) and (2, 5).

13. Ingrid is walking in front of a motion sensor.

After 1 s, she is 3.9 m from
2. Identify the slope and y-intercept of the sensor. After 3 s, she is 1.7 m from
each line.
the sensor.
a) y = 4x – 5
a) Find the slope for this relationship.
1
b) y =  x + 2 b) Write an equation of the form
6
d = mt + b that describes Ingrid’s motion.
3. Write the equation of a line with each slope and c) After how many seconds will Ingrid’s
y-intercept. Then, graph distance from the motion sensor be 0?
each line.
a) m = –1, b = 0 14. What is the solution to this linear system?
2
b) m = , b = 5
3

4. Express each equation in

the form y = mx + b.
a) 6x – y = 4
b) x + 4y = 28

5. Identify the slope and y-intercept of each

equation.
a) 8x + y = 4
b) –3x + 2y = 8 15. Solve the linear system
x + y = 6 and y – 2x = 0.
6. Identify the x- and y-intercepts of each line.
Then, graph the line
a) 4x – 2y = 8
b) x + 3y = 6
c) 2x – y = 4
d) 5x + 3y – 15 = 0

7. Which lines are parallel?

2x – 3y + 12 = 0
3y = 2x + 6

25
 b) x-intercept: 6; y-intercept: 2

Answers
1. a) slope: 2; y-intercept: 6
b) slope:  3 ; y-intercept: 3
2
2. a) slope: 4; y-intercept: 5
1
b) slope:  ; y-intercept: 2
6
3. a) y = x c) x-intercept: 2; y-intercept: 4

2
b) y = x+5 d) x-intercept: 3; y-intercept: 5
3

7. 2x  3y + 12 = 0 and 3y = 2x + 6
4. a) y = 6x  4
8. 2x  3y + 12 = 0 and 3x + 2y = 4; 3y = 2x + 6
b) y =  x  7 and 3x + 2y = 4
4
9. 4
5. a) slope: 8; y-intercept: 4
10. y = 3x + 1
b) slope: 3 ; y-intercept: 4
2 11. y=2x2
5
6. a) x-intercept: 2; y-intercept: 4 12. y = 9x + 23
13. a) 1.1
b) d = 1.1t + 5
c) About 4.5 s
14. (1, 1)
15. (2, 4)

26
27
28
29
30
 Solving Linear Systems Graphically
1. Victor owns a candy store. He sells hard candy for $2/kg and soft candy for $4/kg. How can
he mix the two kinds of candy to create 60kg of a mixture that he can sell for $3/kg?

a) Create a linear system of two equations to represent this problem.

b) Graph the two equations on the grid below.

Candy Mixture

100
Mass of Hard Candy (kg)

50

0
50 100
Mass of Soft Candy (kg)

c) State the solution to the problem in a conclusion.

Page 1 of 2

31
2. Stuart wants to rent a small truck to move into his university residence. Rent-A-Truck
charges a base fee of $50, $20 e da . T T c T cha ge a ba e fee f $100
and $15 per day. Which company should Stuart choose?

a) Create a linear system of two equations to represent this problem.

b) Graph the two equations on the grid below.

Rent a Truck vs Tony s Truck Town

500

400
Rental Cost ($)

300

200

100

0
5 10 15
Number of Rental Days

c) State the solution to the problem in a conclusion.

Page 2 of 2

32
2. Stuart wants to rent a small truck to move into his university residence. Rent-A-Truck
charges a base fee of $5
and $15 per day. Which company should Stuart choose?

a) Create a linear system of two equations to represent this problem.

b) Graph the two equations on the grid below.

500

400
Rental Cost ($)

300

200

100

0
5 10 15
Number of Rental Days

c) State the solution to the problem in a conclusion.

Page 2 of 2

33
34
 Solving Linear Systems by Substitution

Drawbacks of solving graphically: inaccurate point of intersection, tedious. Use algebraic

methods whenever possible.

Solving by Substitution process:

1. Isolate a variable from one equation: or

2. Substitute your expression for or into the other equation.
3. Solve the new equation for the remaining variable.
4. Substitute the newly found value of the variable into one of the original
equations to solve for the 2nd variable.

Ex 1. Solve by substitution:

a) b)

c)

35
 Applications of Linear Systems

Apply the solving systems methods to word problems.

1. Number type
The sum of two numbers is 340 and their difference is 174. Find the numbers.

2. Coin Type
A vending machine contains 132 coins in dimes and quarters. The value of the
coins is $21.30. How many coins of each type are there?

Page 1 of 2

36
Recall: Interest is the amount of money earned or owed over a period of time.

3. Interest Type
Mike invested $8000, part at 9% per annum and the remainder at 12% per annum.
After one year, the total interest earned on these investments was $810. How
much did he invest at each rate?

Try this!!
4. A movie theatre sold twice as many adult tickets as student tickets. The total
sales were $2299. If adult tickets cost $7 and student tickets cost $5, how
many of each was sold?

Page 2 of 2

37
 Solving Linear Systems Using the Most Efficient Method

When do you use each of the three methods if not specified? Note: expand and eliminate
denominators before choosing.

1. Substitution Method
-use when one variable can be easily isolated (i.e. coefficient of one variable is 1)

2. Elimination Method
-use when the coefficients are not equal to 1 (i.e. variable not easily isolated)
-use when one of the variables have the same coefficient in both equations

3. Graphing Method
-use only when specified (not accurate)

Examples: Solve using the most efficient method.

a) b)

38
c) d)

39
 Applications of Linear Systems continued

Age type
Mike is seven years older than Jenny. The sum of their ages is 29. How old are
they?

Mixture Type
A Chemistry student was asked to make 100L of 48% alcohol solution by volume by
mixing 40% alcohol solution by volume and 60% alcohol solution by volume. How many
litres of each must the student use?

Page 1 of 2

40
Distance/Velocity/Time type

D D
D V D VT T
T V
V T where V is the velocity, D is the distance, and T is the time

Question:
Jeanne took a trip from Brownsville to Montreal, a distance of 830 km. She travelled
part of the way by bus and the rest of the way by plane. The bus averaged 40 km/h and
the plane 500 km/h. The whole trip took 3.5 hours. How many hours did she spend
travelling by each method?

Page 2 of 2

41
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43
44
45
46
47
Linear Systems Extra Questions

1. The system and has an infinite number of solutions. Find a and b.

2. The system and has no solution. Find the value of a. Find a value that
b cannot have. Explain why it cannot have this value.

3. The system and has one solution at a point (3,4). Find a and b.

4. How many solutions does this system of equations have?

5. Solve this system:

6. Solve using the most efficient method:

a)

b)

Answers:

1. ,
2.
3. ,
4. One
5.
6. a) b)

48